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\title{Linux Information Sheet ÖÐÒë°æ}
\author{×÷Õß: Michael K. Johnson {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{johnsonm@redhat.com}}\\ 
ÒëÕß: \onlynameurl{»ÆÖ¾Î°} {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{cwhuang@phys.ntu.edu.tw}}}
\date{v4.14, 1 September 1998
·­ÒëÈÕÆÚ: 30 September 1998}
\abstract{±¾ÎÄ¼þÌá¹© Linux ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄ»ù±¾×ÊÑ¶£¬°üÀ¨½âÊÍÊ²÷áÊÇ Linux£¬ÌØÐÔÁÐ±í£¬Ò»Ð©ÐèÇó£¬ÒÔ¼°Ò»Ð©×ÊÔ´¡£}


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\section{Linux µÄ¼ò½é}

Linux ÊÇ POSIX ¹æ¸ñµÄÍêÕûÖØÐÂÊµ×÷£¬ÓÐÖø SYSV ¼° BSD À©³ä£¬(Õâ±íÊ¾Ëü¿´ÆðÀ´¼°ÔË×÷ÉÏ¾ÍÏñ Unix£¬µ«²»°üº¬ÏàÍ¬µÄ»ù´¡Ô­Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë)£¬¿ÉÒÔÔ­Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë¼°¶þ½øÎ»Ö´ÐÐµµÁ½ÖÖÐÎÊ½È¡µÃ¡£
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GPL µÄÒ»·Ý¿½±´°üº¬ÔÚ Linux Ô­Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÀï£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ×Ô \nameurl{ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/COPYING}{} È¡µÃÒ»·Ý¿½±´¡£

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\item ÌØÊâµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³½Ð UMSDOS ¿ÉÒÔÈÃ Linux °²×°ÔÚÒ» DOS µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³Àï¡£
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\item CD-ROM µµ°¸ÏµÍ³¿É¶ÁÈ¡ËùÓÐ±ê×¼¸ñÊ½µÄ CD-ROMs.
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\item Appletalk ËÅ·þÆ÷
\item Netware ¿Í»§¶Ë¼°ËÅ·þÆ÷
\item Lan Manager/Windows Native (SMB) ¿Í»§¶Ë¼°ËÅ·þÆ÷
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\end{itemize}







\section{Ó²ÌåÐèÇó}


\subsection{×îÐ¡ÅäÖÃ}

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\begin{description}
\item[CPU:] \mbox{}

ÈÎºÎ¿ÉÖ´ÐÐ 386 ±£»¤Ä£Ê½³ÌÊ½µÄ¶«Î÷¡£ËùÓÐÐÍºÅµÄ 386s, 486s, Pentiums, Pentium Pros, Pentium IIs ¼°ÏàÈÝ¾§Æ¬¶¼Ó¦ÄÜÔË×÷¡£
286 ¼°¸ü¾ÉµÄÒ²ÐíÓÐÒ»Ìì¿ÉÔÚÒ»½ÏÐ¡µÄºËÐÄ³ÆÎª ELKS(Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset) ÏÂ±»Ö§Ô®£¬µ«±ðÆÚÍû»áÓÐÏàÍ¬µÄÄÜÁ¦¡£)
¸ø 680x0 CPU µÄ°æ±¾(ÆäÖÐ {\itshape x\/} = 2 ÒªÓÐÍâ²¿ MMU, 3, 4, ¼° 6)¿ÉÔÚ Amigas ¼° Ataris ÉÏÖ´ÐÐµÄ¿ÉÔÚ tsx-11.mit.edu µÄ 680x0 Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÕÒµ½¡£
Ðí¶à DEC Alphas, SPARCs ¼° PowerPC »úÆ÷¶¼±»Ö§Ô®¡£ÒÆÖ²µ½ ARM, StrongARM ¼° MIPS ¼Ü¹¹ÉÏÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÖÐ¡£¸ü¶àµÄÏ¸½Ú¿ÉÔÚ±ð´¦ÕÒµ½¡£



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PCI, ISA, EISA ¼° VLB »ãÁ÷ÅÅ¡£MCA(mostly true blue PS/2's) µÄÖ§Ô®»¹²»ÍêÕûµ«Õý¸ÄÉÆÖÐ(¼ûÏÂÊö)¡£
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\item[RAM:] \mbox{}

ÔÚ Intel Æ½Ì¨ÉÏÖÁ¶à¿Éµ½ 1 GB; ÔÚ 64-bit µÄÆ½Ì¨ÉÏ¿ÉÓÐ¸ü¶à¡£
Ä³Ð©ÈË(°üÀ¨ Linus ±¾ÈË)ÒÑ¾­×¢Òâµ½Ôö¼Ó RAM ¶ø²»Í¬Ê±Ôö¼Ó¸ü¶àµÄ¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒäÌå»áÊ¹ËûÃÇµÄ»úÆ÷±äµÃºÜÂý£¬Òò´ËÈç¹ûÄãÔö¼ÓÁË¼ÇÒäÌå¶ø·¢ÏÖÄãµÄ»úÆ÷±äÂýÁË£¬ÊÔÖø¼ÓÉÏ¸ü¶àµÄ¿ìÈ¡¼ÇÒäÌå¡£
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\item[×ÊÁÏ´¢´æÉè±¸:] \mbox{}

Ò»°ãµÄ AT ´Åµú (EIDE, IDE, 16 bit HD controllers with MFM or RLL, or ESDI) ÊÇÖ§Ô®µÄ£¬SCSI Ó²µú¼°¹âµú»úÒ²¶¼Ö§Ô®£¬Ö»ÒªÓÐÒ»±»Ö§Ô®µÄ SCSI ¿¨¡£Ò»°ãµÄ XT ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ (8 bit controllers with MFM or RLL) Ò²¶¼Ö§Ô®¡£
Ö§Ô®µÄ SCSI ¿¨ÓÐ: Advansys, Adaptec 1542, 1522,
1740, 27xx, and 29xx ÏµÁÐ(ÓÐÐ©ÀýÍâ), Buslogic MultiMaster
and Flashpoint, NCR53c8xx-based controllers, DPT controllers, Qlogic ISP and FAS controllers,
Seagate ST-01 and ST-02, Future Domain TMC-88x
series (or any board based on the TMC950 chip) and
TMC1660/1680, Ultrastor 14F, 24F and 34F, Western Digital
wd7000, and others.  SCSI, QIC-02, ¼°Ò»Ð© QIC-80 tapes Ò²Ö§Ô®¡£
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VGA, EGA, CGA, »ò Hercules (¼°ÏàÈÝµÄ)¿ÉÔÚÎÄ×ÖÄ£Ê½ÔË×÷¡£
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(Linux Ê¹ÓÃ XFree86 X server, Òò´ËÕâ¾ö¶¨ÁËÊ²÷á¿¨±»Ö§Ô®¡£µ¥µ¥ÍêÕûÒÑÖ§Ô®¾§Æ¬µÄÁÐ±í¾Í³¬¹ýÁËÒ»Ò³¡£²Î¼û \nameurl{http://www.XFree86.org/}{}.)



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AT\&T GIS (ne\'e NCR) WaveLAN, most
WD8390-based cards, most WD80x3-based cards, NE1000/2000 ¼°´ó²¿·ÝµÄ·ÂÖÆÆ·,
AC3200, Apricot 82596, AT1700, ATP, DE425/434/435/500, D-Link DE-600/620,
DEPCA, DE100/101, DE200/201/202 Turbo, DE210, DE422, Cabletron E2100
(²»½¨Òé), Intel EtherExpress (²»½¨Òé), EtherExpress Pro, EtherExpress 100, DEC EtherWORKS 3, HP LAN, HP PCLAN/plus,
most AMD LANCE-based cards, NI5210, ni6510, SMC Ultra, DEC 21040 (tulip), Zenith Z-Note ethernet, 
ËùÓÐ Zircom ¿¨¼°ËùÓÐ Cabletron µÄ¿¨³ýÁË E2100 Ö®Íâ¶¼{\bfseries ²»Ö§Ô®}£¬ÒòÎªÖÆÔìÉÌ²»Ô¸ÒâÃâ·ÑµÄ¹«¿ª³ÌÊ½Ð´×÷µÄ×ÊÑ¶¡£

FDDI Ä¿Ç°Ö§Ô®°üÀ¨À´×Ô DEC µÄ DEF{\itshape xx\/} ¿¨¡£

µã¶ÔµãÍøÂ·Ö§Ô®°üÀ¨ÁË PPP, SLIP, CSLIP, and PLIP. PPP Ö§Ô®°üÀ¨±ê×¼µÄ·ÇÍ¬²½×°ÖÃÏñÊý¾Ý»ú£¬ÒÔ¼°Í¬²½Ä£Ê½Á¬ÏßÈç ISDN.

ÓÐÏÞµÄ Token Ring Ö§Ô®ÒÑ¿ÉÈ¡µÃ¡£



\item[´®ÁÐ×°ÖÃ:] \mbox{}

´ó²¿·Ý 16450 ¼° 16550 UART-based °å£¬°üÀ¨ AST Fourport, the Usenet Serial Card II, ¼°ÆäËüµÄ¡£
ÖÇ»ÛÐÍ´®ÁÐ°åÖ§Ô®°üÀ¨ Cyclades Cyclom ÏµÁÐ (ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), 
Comtrol Rocketport ÏµÁÐ (ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), Stallion (´ó²¿·Ý; ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®), 
ÒÔ¼° Digi (Ä³Ð©°æ; ÓÉÖÆÔìÉÌÖ§Ô®)¡£Ä³Ð© ISDN, frame relay, ¼°×¨ÏßÓ²ÌåÒ²Ö§Ô®¡£



\item[ÆäËüµÄÓ²Ìå:] \mbox{}

SoundBlaster, ProAudio Spectrum 16,
Gravis Ultrasound, ´ó²¿·ÝÆäËüµÄÒôÐ§¿¨£¬´ó²¿·Ý(È«²¿?)Á÷ÐÐµÄ»ãÁ÷ÅÅ»¬Êó(Microsoft, Logitech, PS/2), µÈµÈ¡£

\end{description}





\section{ÒÆÖ²³ÌÊ½¼°ÆäËüÈíÌåµÄ²»ÍêÕûÁÐ±í}

´ó²¿·ÝÒ»°ãµÄ Unix ¹¤¾ß¼°³ÌÊ½ÒÑ¾­±»ÒÆÖ²µ½ Linux ÉÏ£¬°üÀ¨ÁË¼¸ºõËùÓÐ GNU µÄ¶«Î÷¼°Ðí¶à²»Í¬À´Ô´µÄ X ¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÊ½¡£
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ÕâÀïÓÐ·ÝÒÑÖªÄÜÔÚ Linux ÉÏÔË×÷ÈíÌåµÄ²»ÍêÕûÁÐ±í:

\begin{description}
\item[»ù±¾µÄ Unix Ö¸Áî:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily ls}, {\ttfamily tr}, {\ttfamily sed}, {\ttfamily awk} µÈµÈ(ÄãÄÜËµµÃ³öÃû×ÖµÄ£¬Linux ´ó¸Å¾ÍÓÐ)¡£



\item[·¢Õ¹¹¤¾ß:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily gcc}, {\ttfamily gdb}, {\ttfamily make}, {\ttfamily bison},
{\ttfamily flex}, {\ttfamily perl}, {\ttfamily rcs}, {\ttfamily cvs}, {\ttfamily prof}.



\item[ÓïÑÔ¼°»·¾³:] \mbox{}

C, C++, Objective C, Java, Modula-3,
Modula-2, Oberon, Ada95, Pascal, Fortran, ML, scheme, Tcl/tk, Perl, Python,
Common Lisp, ¼°Ðí¶àÆäËüµÄ¡£



\item[Í¼ÐÎ»·¾³:] \mbox{}

GNOME ¼° KDE (×ÀÃæ»·¾³), X11R5 (XFree86 2.x), X11R6 (XFree86 3.x), MGR.



\item[±à¼­Æ÷:] \mbox{}

GNU Emacs, XEmacs, MicroEmacs, {\ttfamily jove}, ez,
{\ttfamily epoch}, {\ttfamily elvis} (GNU vi), {\ttfamily vim}, {\ttfamily vile}, {\ttfamily joe},
{\ttfamily pico}, {\ttfamily jed}, ¼°ÆäËüµÄ¡£



\item[Shells:] \mbox{}

{\ttfamily bash} (POSIX sh-compatible), {\ttfamily zsh} (°üº¬ {\ttfamily ksh} ÏàÈÝÄ£Ê½),
{\ttfamily pdksh}, {\ttfamily tcsh}, {\ttfamily csh}, {\ttfamily rc},
{\ttfamily es}, {\ttfamily ash} (´ó²¿·Ý sh-ÏàÈÝµÄ shell ÔÚ BSD ÉÏµ±×ö {\ttfamily /bin/sh} À´ÓÃ), »¹ÓÐ¸ü¶à¡£



\item[Í¨Ñ¶³ÌÊ½:] \mbox{}

PPP, UUCP, SLIP, CSLIP, ÍêÕûµÄ TCP/IP Í¨Ñ¶¹¤¾ß¼¯£¬
{\ttfamily kermit}, {\ttfamily szrz}, {\ttfamily minicom}, {\ttfamily pcomm},
{\ttfamily xcomm}, {\ttfamily term} (runs multiple shells, redirects network activity, and allows remote X, all over one modem line),
Seyon (·Ç³£ÊÜ»¶Ó­µÄ X Window Í¨Ñ¶³ÌÊ½),
ÒÔ¼°Êý¸ö´«Õæ¼°ÉùÒôÓÊ¼þ(Ê¹ÓÃ ZyXEL ¼°ÆäËüÊý¾Ý»ú)Ì×¼þ¶¼ÓÐ¡£µ±È»£¬Ô¶¶Ë´®ÁÐ¼°ÍøÂ·Ç©ÈëÒ²Ö§Ô®¡£



\item[ÐÂÎÅ¼°ÓÊ¼þÈíÌå:] \mbox{}

C-news, {\ttfamily innd}, {\ttfamily trn}, {\ttfamily nn}, {\ttfamily tin},
{\ttfamily smail}, {\ttfamily elm}, {\ttfamily mh}, {\ttfamily exmh}, {\ttfamily pine}, {\ttfamily mutt}, µÈµÈ¡£



\item[ÎÄ×Ö´¦ÀíÈíÌå:] \mbox{}

TeX, {\ttfamily groff}, {\ttfamily doc}, {\ttfamily ez}, LyX, Lout,
Linuxdoc-SGML, ¼°ÆäËüµÄ¡£



\item[ÓÎÏ·:] \mbox{}

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\section{Ë­Ê¹ÓÃ Linux?}

Linux ¿ÉÃâ·ÑÈ¡µÃ£¬¶øÃ»ÓÐÈËÐèÒª½«ËûÃÇµÄ¿½±´ÏòÈÎºÎÖÐÑëµ±¾Ö×¢²á£¬Òò´ËºÜÄÑÖªµÀÓÐ¶àÉÙÈËÔÚÊ¹ÓÃ Linux.
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\section{È¡µÃ Linux}


\subsection{ÄäÃû FTP}

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ÖÁÉÙÓÐÏÂÁÐÄäÃûµÄ FTP Õ¾Ì¨ÓÐ Linux.

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
Textual name                   Numeric address  Linux directory
=============================  ===============  ===============
tsx-11.mit.edu                 18.172.1.2       /pub/linux
sunsite.unc.edu                152.2.22.81      /pub/Linux
ftp.funet.fi                   128.214.248.6    /pub/Linux
net.tamu.edu                   128.194.177.1    /pub/linux
ftp.mcc.ac.uk                  130.88.203.12    /pub/linux
src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      /packages/linux
fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de     129.187.200.1    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.110    /pub/comp/os/linux
ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de         137.226.4.111    /pub/linux
ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de  137.226.225.3    /pub/Linux
ftp.Germany.EU.net             192.76.144.75    /pub/os/Linux
ftp.lip6.fr                    132.227.77.2     /pub/linux
ftp.uu.net                     137.39.1.9       /systems/unix/linux
wuarchive.wustl.edu            128.252.135.4    mirrors/linux
ftp.win.tue.nl                 131.155.70.100   /pub/linux
ftp.stack.urc.tue.nl           131.155.2.71     /pub/linux
srawgw.sra.co.jp               133.137.4.3      /pub/os/linux
cair.kaist.ac.kr                                /pub/Linux
ftp.denet.dk                   129.142.6.74     /pub/OS/linux
NCTUCCCA.edu.tw                140.111.1.10     /OS/Linux
nic.switch.ch                  130.59.1.40      /mirror/linux
sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch        193.5.24.1       /mirror/linux
cnuce_arch.cnr.it              131.114.1.10     /pub/Linux
ftp.monash.edu.au              130.194.11.8     /pub/linux
ftp.dstc.edu.au                130.102.181.31   /pub/linux
ftp.sydutech.usyd.edu.au       129.78.192.2     /pub/linux
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




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\subsection{CDROM}

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\subsection{ÆäËüÈ¡µÃ Linux µÄ·½·¨}

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\section{Linux µÄ·¨ÂÉ×´¿ö}

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\section{¹Øì¶ Linux µÄÐÂÎÅ}

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\section{Î´À´Õ¹Íû}

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