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\title{ NCD X terminal mini HOWTO}
\author{Ian Hodge, {\ttfamily ian at permedia.ca} }
\date{v1.09, March 27, 2000}
\abstract{Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÔÚ½ÌÊöÈçºÎÒÔ NCD X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÁ¬½ÓÖÁ UNIX Ö÷»ú¡£}


\begin{document}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{°æÈ¨}

NCD X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ mini HOWTO µÄ°æÈ¨ÊÇÓÉ Ian Hodge¡£ Linux
HOWTO ÎÄ¼þÒ²Ðí»áÒÔÈÎºÎµÄÃ½ÌåÀ´ÖØÖÃ»ò·¢²¼ÆäÖÐµÄ²¿·Ý»òÈ«²¿£¬
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\section{ÒýÑÔ}

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Ðí¶àµÄÖÕ¶Ë»úÄ£Ê½Ò²ÏàÈÝì¶ÓÉ RARP, NFS »òÊÇ PCMCIA ¿¨£¬»òÊÇÐòÁÐ¸·µÄÁ¬½Ó
( ²»ÂÛÊÇÖ±½ÓÁ¬Ïß»òÊÇÍ¸¹ýÊý¾Ý»ú ) µÄ¿ª»ú·½Ê½¡£

ËäÈ»Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄÄÚÈÝÊÇÒÔµ¥Ò»Ä£Ê½µÄ X terminal ×öÎª»ù´¡µÄ£¬
µ«ÊÇÕâÐ©×ÊÑ¶Ò²ÊÊÓÃì¶ÆäËûµÄÄ£Ê½»òÊÇÆäËûµÄ X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¡£
ÁíÍâÓÐÒ»·ÝÃûÎª Linux X terminal µÄ mini HOWTO ÎÄ¼þ 
( Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þ±» HOWTO µÄÎ¬»¤ÈËÔ±Ðû¸æ·ÏÆúÁË£¬ËùÒÔÒ²ÐíÄãÔÚ Linux µÄ·¢ÐÐ°æ±¾ÖÐÕÒ²»µ½Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þ )
Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þºÍ±¾ÎÄ¼þµÄÄÚÈÝÓÐËùÖØµþ¡£Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þ°üº¬¸ü¹ã·ºµÄ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄËµÃ÷¡£




\subsection{È«²¿µÄ²½Öè}

Á¬½ÓÒ»¸ö X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÖÁ UNIX ÍøÂ·µÄ²½Öè´óÖÂÉÏÓÐÏÂÁÐ¼¸¸ö²½Öè£º

\begin{itemize}
\item Êµ¼ÊµÄÁ¬½Ó X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÖÁÍøÂ·¡£
\item Éè¶¨ÄãÒª´ÓÄÄ²¿ UNIX Ö÷»ú¿ª»ú¡£
\item Éè¶¨ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ¿ª»ú³ÌÐò¡£
\item ÆðÊ¼ X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¡£
\item µÇÈëÍøÓò¡£
\end{itemize}







\section{ÐèÇó}


\subsection{X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú}

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\subsection{ÊµÌåÁ¬½Ó}

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ÓµÓÐÒ»¸ö RJ-45 ( Ë«½ÊÏß ) µÄ 10baseT ÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·µÄ½ÖÍ·¡£
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µÄÎÄ¼þÖÐÓÐ±»ÃèÊö¡£




\subsection{NCD X ËÅ·þÆ÷ÈíÌå}

X server ÈíÌåÓÉÖÆÔì³§ÉÌÌá¹©²¢ÇÒÓ¦¸ÃÔÚÖÕ¶Ë»úÂòµÄÊ±ºòÌá¹©¡£
Õâ·Ýµµ°¸±»´¢´æÔÚÄÜÈÃ X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ª»úµÄÖ÷»úÉÏ¡£
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ÁíÍâ£¬Õâ·Ý X µÄÈíÌåÒ²°üº¬ÁË X server ÒÔ¼°Ò»Ð©ÀàËÆì¶ÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÔ±£¬
ÔÚ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÉÏÖ´ÐÐµÄ³ÌÊ½¡£




\section{Éè¶¨ UNIX Ö÷»ú}

ÔÚ¿ª»úÊ±£¬X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú×ÔÍøÂ·ÉÏµÄÔ¶¶ËÏµÍ³È¡µÃÕâÐ©±ØÒªµµ°¸ (°üº¬ËüµÄ X server )
µ±ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ª»úÒÔáá£¬X server ½«»á¿ØÖÆÊäÈë£¬ÏÔÊ¾ÒÔ¼° X Í¨Ñ¶Ï¢¶¨µÄ¹µÍ¨¡£
X server ÊÇÔÚ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÉÏÖ´ÐÐµÄ£¬ËùÒÔËü²¢²»ÐèÒªÓë´æ·ÅËüµÄÖ÷»úÐèÒªÏàÈÝ¡£




\subsection{TFTP ÒÔ¼° BootP}

Ò»²¢Ìá¼° tftp (trivial file transfer protocol) »¹ÓÐ BootP (boot protocol
server) ¶¼±»Ê¹ÓÃì¶ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÍ¸¹ýÍøÂ·È¡µÃÔ¶¶ËÖ÷»úÉÏµÄ X server ÒÔ¼°Éè¶¨µµ£¬ ÕâÁ½ÖÖ·þÎñµäÐÍµÄ¶¼ÊÇ±» inetd ( Internet Daemon ) Æô¶¯¡£



X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ª»úÒÔáá£¬Èç¹ûËüÉè¶¨³É×ÔÍøÂ·¿ª»ú£¬Ëü½«»áÒÔ BootP ( TCP/IP bootstrap protocol ) ËÍ³ö¹ã²¥µÄÑ¶Ï¢¡£
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µ±Ô¶¶ËÖ÷»ú»úÊÕµ½Ô¶¶Ë¿ª»úµÄÒªÇóÊ±£¬ inetd ( Õâ¸ö daemon ÊÇÔÚÇãÌýÔÚ /etc/services Ëù¿ªµÄ Port )Æô¶¯ BootP Õâ¸ö±» /etc/services Ö¸¶¨µÄ daemon ¡£



ÔÚ inetd.conf Õâ¸öÉè¶¨µµÀïÃæ£¬½¨Á¢»òÊÇÈ¡Ïû TFTP ÒÔ¼° BootP µÄÉè¶¨ÁÐ¡£
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/etc/inetd.conf µÄ¡õÀýµµ£º
\begin{verbatim}
# tftp Ö÷ÒªÊÇÌá¹©¿ª»úµÄ·þÎñ¡£Ðí¶àµÄÕ¾Ì¨
# Ö´ÐÐÕâ¸ö·þÎñÖ»ÊÇÎªÁËÌá¹©¿ª»ú¡£
tftp   dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/X11/lib/X11/ncd/
bootps dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.bootpd
\end{verbatim}




ÆðÊ¼»¯Ê±£¬ BootP Õâ¸öÔÚÖ÷»úÉÏÖ´ÐÐµÄ daemon»áÈ¥¶ÁËü /etc/bootptab µÄ×ÊÁÏ¿âµµ¡£
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Ã¿²¿Ö÷»úµÄÃû×Ö¶¼ÊÇÃ¿Ò»±Ê×ÊÁÏµÄÍ·Ò»¸ö±ê¼Ç¡£

ÓÐÓÃµÄ bootptab ±ê¼Ç£º

\begin{description}
\item[{\bfseries hd}] \mbox{}

¿ª»úÓÃµÄ¼ÒÄ¿Â¼ ( ÀýÈç /usr/X11/lib/X11/ncd/ )¡£

\item[{\bfseries ip}] \mbox{}

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄÍøÂ·Î»Ö· ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.1)¡£



\item[{\bfseries sm}] \mbox{}

×ÓÍøÂ·ÕÚÕÖ ( ÀýÈç 255.0.0.0)¡£Èç¹ûÓûÖªÈçºÎÊ¹ÓÃ×ÓÍøÂ·ÕÚÕÖÒÔ¼°ÆäËûµÄ IP ÍøÂ·Ô­Ôò£¬
Çë²ÎÔÄ Linux NET-3 (networking) HOWTO document¡£



\item[{\bfseries gw}] \mbox{}

Õ¢µÀµÄ IP Î»ÖÃ ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.1)¡£

\item[{\bfseries ht}] \mbox{}

Ó²Ìå×°ÖÃÀàÐÍ - ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ Ethernet¡£

\item[{\bfseries ha}] \mbox{}

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄÓ²ÌåÎ»ÖÃ ( 6 ¸öÎ»Ôª×éµÄ±íÊ¾µÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨ºÅ )

ÒÀ¾Ý bootptab µÄ UNIX ËµÃ÷£¬'ht' ±ê¼Ç±ØÐë±È 'ha' ±ê¼ÇÔÚÇ°Ãæ¡£
X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨ºÅ»áÔÚÖÕ¶Ë»úµÚÒ»´Î½ÓÉÏµçÔ´Ê±ÏÔÊ¾¡£
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Ëù±í´ï ( ÀýÈç 00:00:A7:12:26:19 )¡£



\item[{\bfseries tc}] \mbox{}

±í¸ñÄÚµÄ×ÊÁÏ¼ÌÐøÏÂÈ¥¡£



\item[{\bfseries ds}] \mbox{}

Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ IP Î»Ö· ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.3 )¡£
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\item[{\bfseries bf}] \mbox{}

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ¿ª»úµµ°¸ ( ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄÃû³Æ³£³£ÓÃ×öÎªµµ°¸Ãû³Æ£¬ÀýÈç Xncd19r)¡£

\end{description}




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'$\backslash$'Õâ¸ö×ÖÔªÊÇÓÃ×÷»»ÐÐµÄ×ÖÔª¡£

\begin{verbatim}
# ÕâÊÇÒ»±Ê×ÊÁÏ ( Ëü¸ø¶¨Ò»Ð©Ô¤ÉèµÄÉè¶¨×ÊÑ¶ )
# Ö¸¶¨ËùÓÐ BootP ¿Í»§¶ËµÄ¹²Í¬×ÊÑ¶
default:hd=/usr/X11/lib/X11/ncd/:\
        ds=10.0.0.3:\
        sm=255.0.0.0:\
        gw=10.0.0.1:

# Õâ±Ê X ÖÕ¶Ë×ÊÁÏµÄÖ÷»úÃû³ÆÎª myxterm
# ×¢Òâ£¬ tc Õâ¸ö±ê¼ÇÊÇ²ÎÔÄÔ¤ÉèµÄ×ÊÁÏ
myxterm:ht=ethernet:\
        ha=0x0000a7122619:\
        ip=10.0.0.2:\
        tc=default:\
        bf=Xncd19r:
\end{verbatim}




µ±Ò»¸ö·ûºÏ bootptab ×ÊÁÏ¿âµÄ¿ª»úÒªÇó±»Õì²âµ½Ê±
bootpd »á´Ó×ÊÁÏ¿âÖÐÕÒµ½Ïà·ûµÄ×ÊÑ¶£¬
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µµ°¸½åÓÉ TFTP Í¸¹ý IP Ð­¶¨´«ËÍ³öÈ¥¡£

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄÖ÷»úÃû³ÆÄÜ±»´æ·Åì¶¿ª»úÖ÷»úµÄ /etc/hosts Õâ¸öµµ°¸ÀïµÄÄ³Ò»±Ê×ÊÁÏ¾ö¶¨¡£
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ÔÚÕâ¸ö¡õÀýÖÐ£¬ X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú ( IP Î»Ö·Îª 10.0.0.2) ±»·ÖÅä³É myxterm ¡£

\begin{verbatim}
10.0.0.1        linuxhost       # ¿ª»úÓÃµÄÖ÷»ú
10.0.0.2        myxterm         # X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú
\end{verbatim}





\section{Éè¶¨ NCD X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ¿ª»ú³ÌÐò}

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\subsection{¿ª»ú¼à¿Ø³ÌÊ½µÄÃüÁîÎÄ·¨}

{\ttfamily {$>$}bt file terminal\_IP host\_IP gateway\_IP subnet\_mask}



\begin{description}
\item[{\bfseries file}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸öÃû³ÆÊÇÓû×ÔÔ¶¶ËÖ÷»úÒªÇóµÄµµ°¸Ãû³Æ£¬Ëü°üº¬ÁË
±» X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ª»úÊ¹ÓÃµÄ X server µÄÈíÌå (ÀýÈç£º' Xncd19r ' ) ¡£
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\item[{\bfseries terminal\_IP}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸ø X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.2 )¡£
Í¬ÑùµÄ£¬Õâ×é×é»úÑµÒ²ÒªºÍ bootptab µµ°¸ÖÐ X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ×ÊÑ¶ÏàÍ¬¡£



\item[{\bfseries host\_IP}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸ø¿ª»úÖ÷»úµÄ ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.1)¡£



\item[{\bfseries gateway}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸øÕ¢µÀµÄ  ( ÀýÈç  10.0.0.1)¡£



\item[{\bfseries subnet\_mask}] \mbox{}

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\end{description}





\subsection{¿ª»ú¼à¿ØÈíÌåÉè¶¨Ñ¡µ¥}

Ê¹ÓÃ 'Éè¶¨¼ü' »òÊÇÔÚÃüÁîÌáÊ¾·ûºÅ '{$>$}' ááÃæ¼üÈë 'se'¡£ 

\begin{description}
\item[{\bfseries Get IP Addresses From}] \mbox{}

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ IP Î»Ö·Ó¦¸Ã±»´¢´æÓÉ¿ª»ú¼à¿Ø³ÌÊ½µÄÉè¶¨¹¤¾ß´¢´æì¶ NVRAM ÖÐ¡£
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\item[{\bfseries Terminal IP Address}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸ø X ÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.2 )¡£
ÕâÈçÍ¬ÉÏÃæËùÌá¼°µÄ 'terminal\_IP'¡£



\item[{\bfseries First Boot Host IP Address}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸ø¿ª»úÖ÷»úµÄ ( ÀýÈç 10.0.0.1 )¡£
ÕâÈçÍ¬ÉÏÃæËùÌá¼°µÄ 'host\_IP'¡£



\item[{\bfseries Gateway IP Address}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÖ¸¶¨¸øÕ¢µÀµÄ¡£
ÕâÈçÍ¬ÉÏÃæËùÌá¼°µÄ 'gateway' ¡£



\item[{\bfseries Subnet Mask}] \mbox{}

×ÓÍøÂ·ÕÚÕÖ£¬ÒÔÊ®½øÖÆ±í´ï¡£ 
ÕâÈçÍ¬ÉÏÃæËùÌá¼°µÄ 'subnet\_mask'¡£



\item[{\bfseries Broadcast IP Address}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸ö IP Î»Ö·ÊÇÓÃÀ´¹ã²¥Ñ¶Ï¢ÖÁ×ÓÍøÂ·µÄ ( ÀýÈç 10.255.255.255)¡£



\item[{\bfseries Boot File}] \mbox{}

Õâ¸öÃû³ÆÊÇÓû×ÔÔ¶¶ËÖ÷»úÒªÇóµÄµµ°¸Ãû³Æ£¬Ëü°üº¬ÁË
±» X ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ª»úÊ¹ÓÃµÄ X server µÄÈíÌå (ÀýÈç£º 'Xncd19r' )¡£
ÕâÈçÍ¬ÉÏÃæËùÌá¼°µÄ 'file'¡£



\item[{\bfseries TFTP Boot Directory}] \mbox{}

ÕâÏî×ÊÁÏÊÇÖ÷»ú´æ·Å¿ª»úµµ°¸µÄÂ·¾¶ ( ÀýÈç '/usr/X11/lib/X11/ncd/' »òÊÇ '/tftpboot/' )¡£



\item[{\bfseries Config file}] \mbox{}

X ÖÕ¶Ë»úÔÚÔ¶¶ËÖ÷»úÉÏÉè¶¨µµµÄ×ÊÁÏÃû³Æ ( ÍùÏÂ¿´ )¡£



\item[{\bfseries UNIX Config Directory}] \mbox{}

Ö÷»ú´æ·ÅÉè¶¨µµµÄÂ·¾¶Ãû³Æ
(eg "/usr/X11/lib/X11/ncd/")¡£



\item[{\bfseries TFTP Order, NFS Order, Local Order}] \mbox{}

Ö¸¶¨ÓÅÏÈÊ¹ÓÃµÄ¿ª»úÓÃÐ­¶¨Îª '1'¡£
Ö¸¶¨Îª TFTP Îª '1' µ±¿ª»úÊ±Ê¹ÓÃ BootP ¿ª»ú¡£

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