# Vulkan® 1.4.321 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.321, 2025-07-17 19:31:47Z
from git branch: makepkg commit: dad857284bf63d027ac9d6a97e9a1689831bab0d

Loading… please wait.

Search:

## 23. Fixed-Function Vertex Processing

Vertex fetching is controlled via configurable state, as a logically distinct graphics pipeline stage.

### 23.1. Vertex Attributes

Vertex shaders can define input variables, which receive vertex attribute data transferred from one or more `VkBuffer`(s) by drawing commands. Vertex shader input variables are bound to buffers via an indirect binding where the vertex shader associates a vertex input attribute number with each variable, vertex input attributes are associated to vertex input bindings on a per-pipeline basis, and vertex input bindings are associated with specific buffers on a per-draw basis via the `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers` command. Vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions also contain format information controlling how data is extracted from buffer memory and converted to the format expected by the vertex shader.

There are `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes` number of vertex input attributes and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings` number of vertex input bindings (each referred to by zero-based indices), where there are at least as many vertex input attributes as there are vertex input bindings. Applications can store multiple vertex input attributes interleaved in a single buffer, and use a single vertex input binding to access those attributes.

In GLSL, vertex shaders associate input variables with a vertex input attribute number using the `location` layout qualifier. The `Component` layout qualifier associates components of a vertex shader input variable with components of a vertex input attribute.

GLSL Example

    // Assign location M to variableName
    layout (location=M, component=2) in vec2 variableName;

    // Assign locations [N,N+L) to the array elements of variableNameArray
    layout (location=N) in vec4 variableNameArray[L];

In SPIR-V, vertex shaders associate input variables with a vertex input attribute number using the `Location` decoration. The `Component` decoration associates components of a vertex shader input variable with components of a vertex input attribute. The `Location` and `Component` decorations are specified via the `OpDecorate` instruction.

SPIR-V Example

                   ...
              %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
                   ...
                   OpName %9 "variableName"
                   OpName %15 "variableNameArray"
                   OpDecorate %18 BuiltIn VertexIndex
                   OpDecorate %19 BuiltIn InstanceIndex
                   OpDecorate %9 Location M
                   OpDecorate %9 Component 2
                   OpDecorate %15 Location N
                   ...
              %2 = OpTypeVoid
              %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
              %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
              %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
              %8 = OpTypePointer Input %7
              %9 = OpVariable %8 Input
             %10 = OpTypeVector %6 4
             %11 = OpTypeInt 32 0
             %12 = OpConstant %11 L
             %13 = OpTypeArray %10 %12
             %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
             %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
                   ...

#### 23.1.1. Attribute Location and Component Assignment

The `Location` decoration specifies which vertex input attribute is used to read and interpret the data that a variable will consume.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 16- or 32-bit scalar or vector data type is assigned a `Location`, its value(s) are taken from the components of the input attribute specified with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The components used depend on the type of variable and the `Component` decoration specified in the variable declaration, as identified in Input Attribute Components Accessed By 16-Bit and 32-Bit Input Variables. Any 16-bit or 32-bit scalar or vector input will consume a single `Location`. For 16-bit and 32-bit data types, missing components are filled in with default values as described below.

If an implementation supports `storageInputOutput16`, vertex shader input variables can have a width of 16 bits.

In all the following component assignment specifications, if the `vertexAttributeRobustness` feature is enabled, or the `maintenance9` feature is enabled, and there is no `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location` specified for the shader vertex attribute `Location` being read, the value (0,0,0,0) or (0,0,0,1) is used for each of the equivalent (x,y,z,w) components consumed entries as specified below.

Table 32. Input Attribute Components Accessed By 16-Bit and 32-Bit Input Variables
16-bit or 32-bit data type | `Component` decoration | Components consumed
--- | --- | ---
scalar | 0 or unspecified | (x, o, o, o)
scalar | 1 | (o, y, o, o)
scalar | 2 | (o, o, z, o)
scalar | 3 | (o, o, o, w)
two-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o)
two-component vector | 1 | (o, y, z, o)
two-component vector | 2 | (o, o, z, w)
three-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, o)
three-component vector | 1 | (o, y, z, w)
four-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute, and if used, are either filled with the corresponding component from the input format (if present), or the default value.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 32-bit floating-point matrix type is assigned a `Location` i, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. Such matrices are treated as an array of column vectors with values taken from the input attributes identified in Input Attributes Accessed by 32-Bit Input Matrix Variables. The `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`format` must be specified with a VkFormat that corresponds to the appropriate type of column vector. The `Component` decoration must not be used with matrix types.

Table 33. Input Attributes Accessed by 32-Bit Input Matrix Variables
Data type | Column vector type | Locations consumed | Components consumed
--- | --- | --- | ---
mat2 | two-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat2x3 | three-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat2x4 | four-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)
mat3x2 | two-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat3 | three-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat3x4 | four-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)
mat4x2 | two-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat4x3 | three-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat4 | four-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute, and if used, are either filled with the corresponding component from the input (if present), or the default value.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a scalar or vector 64-bit data type is assigned a `Location` i, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The `Location` slots and `Component` words used depend on the type of variable and the `Component` decoration specified in the variable declaration, as identified in Input Attribute Locations and Components Accessed by 64-Bit Input Variables. For 64-bit data types, no default attribute values are provided. Input variables must not use more components than provided by the attribute.

Table 34. Input Attribute Locations and Components Accessed by 64-Bit Input Variables
Input format | Locations consumed | 64-bit data type | `Location` decoration | `Component` decoration | 32-bit components consumed
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
R64 | i | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, -, -)
R64G64 | i | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w)
R64G64B64 | i, i+1 | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o), (o, o, -, -)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w), (o, o, -, -)
scalar | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, -, -)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (o, o, -, -)
three-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, -, -)
R64G64B64A64 | i, i+1 | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o), (o, o, o, o)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w), (o, o, o, o)
scalar | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
scalar | i+1 | 2 | (o, o, o, o), (o, o, z, w)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (o, o, o, o)
two-component vector | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, z, w)
three-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, o, o)
four-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute. Components indicated by “-” are not available for input variables as there are no default values provided for 64-bit data types, and there is no data provided by the input format.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 64-bit floating-point matrix type is assigned a `Location` i, its values are taken from consecutive input attribute locations. Such matrices are treated as an array of column vectors with values taken from the input attributes as shown in Input Attribute Locations and Components Accessed by 64-Bit Input Variables. Each column vector starts at the `Location` immediately following the last `Location` of the previous column vector. The number of attributes and components assigned to each matrix is determined by the matrix dimensions and ranges from two to eight locations.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using an array type is assigned a location, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The number of attributes and components assigned to each element are determined according to the data type of the array elements and `Component` decoration (if any) specified in the declaration of the array, as described above. Each element of the array, in order, is assigned to consecutive locations, but all at the same specified component within each location.

Only input variables declared with the data types and component decorations as specified above are supported. Two variables are allowed to share the same `Location` slot only if their `Component` words do not overlap. If multiple variables share the same `Location` slot, they must all have the same SPIR-V floating-point component type or all have the same width scalar type components.

### 23.2. Vertex Input Description

Applications specify vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions as part of graphics pipeline creation by setting the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`pVertexInputState` pointer to a VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure. Alternatively, if the graphics pipeline is created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then the vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions are specified dynamically with vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT, and the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`pVertexInputState` pointer is ignored.

The `VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags       flags;
        uint32_t                                    vertexBindingDescriptionCount;
        const VkVertexInputBindingDescription*      pVertexBindingDescriptions;
        uint32_t                                    vertexAttributeDescriptionCount;
        const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription*    pVertexAttributeDescriptions;
    } VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex binding descriptions provided in `pVertexBindingDescriptions`.

- `pVertexBindingDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of VkVertexInputBindingDescription structures.

- `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex attribute descriptions provided in `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`.

- `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of VkVertexInputAttributeDescription structures.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-vertexBindingDescriptionCount-00613
  `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-vertexAttributeDescriptionCount-00614
  `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-binding-00615
  For every `binding` specified by each element of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`, a VkVertexInputBindingDescription must exist in `pVertexBindingDescriptions` with the same value of `binding`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexBindingDescriptions-00616
  All elements of `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must describe distinct binding numbers

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-00617
  All elements of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must describe distinct attribute locations

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each structure in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexBindingDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputBindingDescription structures

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputAttributeDescription structures

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

Each vertex input binding is specified by the `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` structure, defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDescription {
        uint32_t             binding;
        uint32_t             stride;
        VkVertexInputRate    inputRate;
    } VkVertexInputBindingDescription;

- `binding` is the binding number that this structure describes.

- `stride` is the byte stride between consecutive elements within the buffer.

- `inputRate` is a VkVertexInputRate value specifying whether vertex attribute addressing is a function of the vertex index or of the instance index.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-binding-00618
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-stride-00619
  `stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindingStride`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-stride-04456
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, `stride` must be a multiple of, and at least as large as, VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetPropertiesKHR::`minVertexInputBindingStrideAlignment`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-inputRate-parameter
  `inputRate` must be a valid VkVertexInputRate value

Possible values of VkVertexInputBindingDescription::`inputRate`, specifying the rate at which vertex attributes are pulled from buffers, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkVertexInputRate {
        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX = 0,
        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE = 1,
    } VkVertexInputRate;

- `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX` specifies that vertex attribute addressing is a function of the vertex index.

- `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE` specifies that vertex attribute addressing is a function of the instance index.

Each vertex input attribute is specified by the `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription` structure, defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
        uint32_t    location;
        uint32_t    binding;
        VkFormat    format;
        uint32_t    offset;
    } VkVertexInputAttributeDescription;

- `location` is the shader input location number for this attribute.

- `binding` is the binding number which this attribute takes its data from.

- `format` is the size and type of the vertex attribute data.

- `offset` is a byte offset of this attribute relative to the start of an element in the vertex input binding.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-location-00620
  `location` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-binding-00621
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-offset-00622
  `offset` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributeOffset`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-format-00623
  The format features of `format` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-vertexAttributeAccessBeyondStride-04457
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`vertexAttributeAccessBeyondStride` is `VK_FALSE`, the sum of `offset` plus the size of the vertex attribute data described by `format` must not be greater than `stride` in the VkVertexInputBindingDescription referenced in `binding`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

To dynamically set the vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_shader_object, VK_EXT_vertex_input_dynamic_state
    void vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    vertexBindingDescriptionCount,
        const VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT*  pVertexBindingDescriptions,
        uint32_t                                    vertexAttributeDescriptionCount,
        const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT* pVertexAttributeDescriptions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex binding descriptions provided in `pVertexBindingDescriptions`.

- `pVertexBindingDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT structures.

- `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex attribute descriptions provided in `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`.

- `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT structures.

This command sets the vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`pVertexInputState` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

If drawing using shader objects, or if the bound pipeline state object was also created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2 can be used instead of `vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT` to dynamically set the stride.

The vertex attribute description for any location in the range [0,`VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`) not specified in the `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` array becomes undefined.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-None-08546
  Either the `vertexInputDynamicState` feature or the `shaderObject` feature or both must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-vertexBindingDescriptionCount-04791
  `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-vertexAttributeDescriptionCount-04792
  `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-binding-04793
  For every `binding` specified by each element of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`, a VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT must exist in `pVertexBindingDescriptions` with the same value of `binding`

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-pVertexBindingDescriptions-04794
  All elements of `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must describe distinct binding numbers

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-04795
  All elements of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must describe distinct attribute locations

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-pVertexBindingDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

The `VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_shader_object, VK_EXT_vertex_input_dynamic_state
    typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        void*                pNext;
        uint32_t             binding;
        uint32_t             stride;
        VkVertexInputRate    inputRate;
        uint32_t             divisor;
    } VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `binding` is the binding number that this structure describes.

- `stride` is the byte stride between consecutive elements within the buffer.

- `inputRate` is a VkVertexInputRate value specifying whether vertex attribute addressing is a function of the vertex index or of the instance index.

- `divisor` is the number of successive instances that will use the same value of the vertex attribute when instanced rendering is enabled. This member can be a value other than `1` if the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateDivisor` feature is enabled. For example, if the divisor is N, the same vertex attribute will be applied to N successive instances before moving on to the next vertex attribute. The maximum value of `divisor` is implementation-dependent and can be queried using `VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT`::`maxVertexAttribDivisor`. A value of `0` can be used for the divisor if the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateZeroDivisor` feature is enabled. In this case, the same vertex attribute will be applied to all instances.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-binding-04796
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-stride-04797
  `stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindingStride`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-divisor-04798
  If the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateZeroDivisor` feature is not enabled, `divisor` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-divisor-04799
  If the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateDivisor` feature is not enabled, `divisor` must be `1`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-divisor-06226
  `divisor` must be a value between `0` and `VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorPropertiesEXT`::`maxVertexAttribDivisor`, inclusive

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-divisor-06227
  If `divisor` is not `1` then `inputRate` must be of type `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_DESCRIPTION_2_EXT`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT-inputRate-parameter
  `inputRate` must be a valid VkVertexInputRate value

The `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_shader_object, VK_EXT_vertex_input_dynamic_state
    typedef struct VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           location;
        uint32_t           binding;
        VkFormat           format;
        uint32_t           offset;
    } VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `location` is the shader input location number for this attribute.

- `binding` is the binding number which this attribute takes its data from.

- `format` is the size and type of the vertex attribute data.

- `offset` is a byte offset of this attribute relative to the start of an element in the vertex input binding.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-location-06228
  `location` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-binding-06229
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-offset-06230
  `offset` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributeOffset`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-format-04805
  The format features of `format` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-vertexAttributeAccessBeyondStride-04806
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`vertexAttributeAccessBeyondStride` is `VK_FALSE`, the sum of `offset` plus the size of the vertex attribute data described by `format` must not be greater than `stride` in the VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT referenced in `binding`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_VERTEX_INPUT_ATTRIBUTE_DESCRIPTION_2_EXT`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription2EXT-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

To bind vertex buffers to a command buffer for use in subsequent drawing commands, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstBinding` is the index of the first vertex input binding whose state is updated by the command.

- `bindingCount` is the number of vertex input bindings whose state is updated by the command.

- `pBuffers` is a pointer to an array of buffer handles.

- `pOffsets` is a pointer to an array of buffer offsets.

The values taken from elements i of `pBuffers` and `pOffsets` replace the current state for the vertex input binding `firstBinding` + i, for i in [0, `bindingCount`). The vertex input binding is updated to start at the offset indicated by `pOffsets`[i] from the start of the buffer `pBuffers`[i]. All vertex input attributes that use each of these bindings will use these updated addresses in their address calculations for subsequent drawing commands. If the `nullDescriptor` feature is enabled, elements of `pBuffers` can be VK_NULL_HANDLE, and can be used by the vertex shader. If a vertex input attribute is bound to a vertex input binding that is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the values taken from memory are considered to be zero, and missing G, B, or A components are filled with (0,0,1).

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-firstBinding-00624
  `firstBinding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-firstBinding-00625
  The sum of `firstBinding` and `bindingCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pOffsets-00626
  All elements of `pOffsets` must be less than the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-00627
  All elements of `pBuffers` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-00628
  Each element of `pBuffers` that is non-sparse must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-04001
  If the `nullDescriptor` feature is not enabled, all elements of `pBuffers` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-04002
  If an element of `pBuffers` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, then the corresponding element of `pOffsets` must be zero

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-parameter
  `pBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE VkBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pOffsets-parameter
  `pOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-bindingCount-arraylength
  `bindingCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

Alternatively, to bind vertex buffers, along with their sizes and strides, to a command buffer for use in subsequent drawing commands, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pSizes,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pStrides);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pSizes,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pStrides);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstBinding` is the index of the first vertex input binding whose state is updated by the command.

- `bindingCount` is the number of vertex input bindings whose state is updated by the command.

- `pBuffers` is a pointer to an array of buffer handles.

- `pOffsets` is a pointer to an array of buffer offsets.

- `pSizes` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of the size in bytes of vertex data bound from `pBuffers`.

- `pStrides` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of buffer strides.

The values taken from elements i of `pBuffers` and `pOffsets` replace the current state for the vertex input binding `firstBinding` + i, for i in [0, `bindingCount`). The vertex input binding is updated to start at the offset indicated by `pOffsets`[i] from the start of the buffer `pBuffers`[i]. If `pSizes` is not `NULL` then `pSizes`[i] specifies the bound size of the vertex buffer starting from the corresponding elements of `pBuffers`[i] plus `pOffsets`[i]. If `pSizes`[i] is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` then the bound size is from `pBuffers`[i] plus `pOffsets`[i] to the end of the buffer `pBuffers`[i]. All vertex input attributes that use each of these bindings will use these updated addresses in their address calculations for subsequent drawing commands. If the `nullDescriptor` feature is enabled, elements of `pBuffers` can be VK_NULL_HANDLE, and can be used by the vertex shader. If a vertex input attribute is bound to a vertex input binding that is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the values taken from memory are considered to be zero, and missing G, B, or A components are filled with (0,0,1).

This command also dynamically sets the byte strides between consecutive elements within buffer `pBuffers`[i] to the corresponding `pStrides`[i] value when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, strides are specified by the VkVertexInputBindingDescription::`stride` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

If drawing using shader objects or if the bound pipeline state object was also created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_EXT` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT can be used instead of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2` to set the stride.

Note | Unlike the static state to set the same, `pStrides` must be between 0 and the maximum extent of the attributes in the binding. vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT does not have this restriction so can be used if other stride values are desired.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-firstBinding-03355
  `firstBinding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-firstBinding-03356
  The sum of `firstBinding` and `bindingCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pOffsets-03357
  If `pSizes` is not `NULL`, all elements of `pOffsets` must be less than the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pSizes-03358
  If `pSizes` is not `NULL`, all elements of `pOffsets` plus `pSizes` , where `pSizes` is not `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, must be less than or equal to the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-03359
  All elements of `pBuffers` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-03360
  Each element of `pBuffers` that is non-sparse must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-04111
  If the `nullDescriptor` feature is not enabled, all elements of `pBuffers` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-04112
  If an element of `pBuffers` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, then the corresponding element of `pOffsets` must be zero

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-03362
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL` each element of `pStrides` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindingStride`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-06209
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL` each element of `pStrides` must be either 0 or greater than or equal to the maximum extent of all vertex input attributes fetched from the corresponding binding, where the extent is calculated as the VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`offset` plus VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`format` size

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-parameter
  `pBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE VkBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pOffsets-parameter
  `pOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pSizes-parameter
  If `pSizes` is not `NULL`, `pSizes` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-parameter
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL`, `pStrides` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-bindingCount-arraylength
  If any of `pSizes`, or `pStrides` are not `NULL`, `bindingCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

### 23.3. Vertex Attribute Divisor in Instanced Rendering

If the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateDivisor` feature is enabled and the `pNext` chain of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo includes a `VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo` structure, then that structure controls how vertex attributes are assigned to an instance when instanced rendering is enabled.

The `VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                                  sType;
        const void*                                      pNext;
        uint32_t                                         vertexBindingDivisorCount;
        const VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription*    pVertexBindingDivisors;
    } VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_vertex_attribute_divisor
    typedef VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfoKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_vertex_attribute_divisor
    typedef VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `vertexBindingDivisorCount` is the number of elements in the `pVertexBindingDivisors` array.

- `pVertexBindingDivisors` is a pointer to an array of VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription structures specifying the divisor value for each binding.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_DIVISOR_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo-pVertexBindingDivisors-parameter
  `pVertexBindingDivisors` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexBindingDivisorCount` VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription structures

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo-vertexBindingDivisorCount-arraylength
  `vertexBindingDivisorCount` must be greater than `0`

The individual divisor values per binding are specified using the `VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription` structure which is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription {
        uint32_t    binding;
        uint32_t    divisor;
    } VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_vertex_attribute_divisor
    typedef VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescriptionKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_vertex_attribute_divisor
    typedef VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescriptionEXT;

- `binding` is the binding number for which the divisor is specified.

- `divisor` is the number of successive instances that will use the same value of the vertex attribute when instanced rendering is enabled. For example, if the divisor is N, the same vertex attribute will be applied to N successive instances before moving on to the next vertex attribute. The maximum value of `divisor` is implementation-dependent and can be queried using VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorProperties::`maxVertexAttribDivisor`. A value of `0` can be used for the divisor if the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateZeroDivisor` feature is enabled. In this case, the same vertex attribute will be applied to all instances.

If this structure is not used to define a divisor value for an attribute, then the divisor has a logical default value of 1.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription-binding-01869
  `binding` must be less than VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription-vertexAttributeInstanceRateZeroDivisor-02228
  If the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateZeroDivisor` feature is not enabled, `divisor` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription-vertexAttributeInstanceRateDivisor-02229
  If the `vertexAttributeInstanceRateDivisor` feature is not enabled, `divisor` must be `1`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription-divisor-01870
  `divisor` must be a value between `0` and VkPhysicalDeviceVertexAttributeDivisorProperties::`maxVertexAttribDivisor`, inclusive

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription-inputRate-01871
  VkVertexInputBindingDescription::`inputRate` must be of type `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE` for this `binding`

### 23.4. Vertex Input Address Calculation

The address of each attribute for each `vertexIndex` and `instanceIndex` is calculated as follows:

- Let `attribDesc` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::`pVertexAttributeDescriptions` with VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`location` equal to the vertex input attribute number.

- Let `bindingDesc` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::`pVertexBindingDescriptions` with VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`binding` equal to `attribDesc.binding`.

- Let `vertexIndex` be the index of the vertex within the draw (a value between `firstVertex` and `firstVertex`+`vertexCount` for `vkCmdDraw`, or a value taken from the index buffer plus `vertexOffset` for `vkCmdDrawIndexed`), and let `instanceIndex` be the instance number of the draw (a value between `firstInstance` and `firstInstance`+`instanceCount`).

- Let `offset` be an array of offsets into the bound vertex buffers specified during `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers` or `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2` with `pOffsets`.

- Let `divisor` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputDivisorStateCreateInfo::`pVertexBindingDivisors` with VkVertexInputBindingDivisorDescription::`binding` equal to `attribDesc.binding`. If the vertex binding state is dynamically set, instead let `divisor` be the member of the `pVertexBindingDescriptions` parameter to the vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT call with VkVertexInputBindingDescription2EXT::`binding` equal to `attribDesc.binding`.

- Let `stride` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::`pVertexBindingDescriptions->stride` unless there is dynamic state causing the value to be ignored. In this case the value is set from the last value from one of the following

  - vkCmdSetVertexInputEXT::`pVertexBindingDescriptions->stride`

  - vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2::`pStrides`, if not `NULL`

    bufferBindingAddress = buffer[binding].baseAddress + offset[binding];

    if (bindingDesc.inputRate == VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX)
        effectiveVertexOffset = vertexIndex * stride;
    else
        if (divisor == 0)
            effectiveVertexOffset = firstInstance * stride;
        else
            effectiveVertexOffset = (firstInstance + ((instanceIndex - firstInstance) / divisor)) * stride;

    attribAddress = bufferBindingAddress + effectiveVertexOffset + attribDesc.offset;

#### 23.4.1. Vertex Input Extraction

For each attribute, raw data is extracted starting at `attribAddress` and is converted from the VkVertexInputAttributeDescription’s `format` to either floating-point, unsigned integer, or signed integer based on the numeric type of `format`. The numeric type of `format` must match the numeric type of the input variable in the shader. The input variable in the shader must be declared as a 64-bit data type if and only if `format` is a 64-bit data type. If either `format` is a 64-bit format or the `legacyVertexAttributes` feature is not enabled, and `format` is a packed format, `attribAddress` must be a multiple of the size in bytes of the size of the format as described in Packed Formats. Otherwise, if either `format` is a 64-bit format or the `legacyVertexAttributes` feature is not enabled, `attribAddress` must be a multiple of the size in bytes of the component type indicated by `format` (see Formats). For attributes that are not 64-bit data types, each component is converted to the format of the input variable based on its type and size (as defined in the Format Definition section for each VkFormat), using the appropriate equations in 16-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 11-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 10-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Fixed-Point Data Conversion, and Shared Exponent to RGB. Signed integer components smaller than 32 bits are sign-extended. Attributes that are not 64-bit data types are expanded to four components in the same way as described in conversion to RGBA. The number of components in the vertex shader input variable need not exactly match the number of components in the format. If the vertex shader has fewer components, the extra components are discarded.