# VkViewport(3) Manual Page

## Name

VkViewport - Structure specifying a viewport

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## C Specification

The `VkViewport` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkViewport {
        float    x;
        float    y;
        float    width;
        float    height;
        float    minDepth;
        float    maxDepth;
    } VkViewport;

## Members

- `x` and `y` are the viewport’s upper left corner (x,y).

- `width` and `height` are the viewport’s width and height, respectively.

- `minDepth` and `maxDepth` are the depth range for the viewport.

## Description

Note | Despite their names, `minDepth` can be less than, equal to, or greater than `maxDepth`.

The framebuffer depth coordinate `z`f may be represented using either a fixed-point or floating-point representation. However, a floating-point representation must be used if the depth/stencil attachment has a floating-point depth component. If an m-bit fixed-point representation is used, we assume that it represents each value 2 m−1 k​, where k ∈ { 0, 1, …​, 2m-1 }, as k (e.g. 1.0 is represented in binary as a string of all ones).

The viewport parameters shown in the above equations are found from these values as

  ox = `x` + `width` / 2

  oy = `y` + `height` / 2

  oz = `minDepth` (or (`maxDepth` + `minDepth`) / 2 if VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` is `VK_TRUE`)

  px = `width`

  py = `height`

  pz = `maxDepth` - `minDepth` (or (`maxDepth` - `minDepth`) / 2 if VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` is `VK_TRUE`)

If a render pass transform is enabled, the values (px,py) and (ox, oy) defining the viewport are transformed as described in render pass transform before participating in the viewport transform.

The application can specify a negative term for `height`, which has the effect of negating the y coordinate in clip space before performing the transform. When using a negative `height`, the application should also adjust the `y` value to point to the lower left corner of the viewport instead of the upper left corner. Using the negative `height` allows the application to avoid having to negate the y component of the `Position` output from the last pre-rasterization shader stage.

The width and height of the implementation-dependent maximum viewport dimensions must be greater than or equal to the width and height of the largest image which can be created and attached to a framebuffer.

The floating-point viewport bounds are represented with an implementation-dependent precision.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01770
  `width` must be greater than `0.0`

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01771
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-apiVersion-07917
  If the VK_KHR_maintenance1 extension is not enabled, the VK_AMD_negative_viewport_height extension is not enabled, and VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, `height` must be greater than `0.0`

- VUID-VkViewport-height-01773
  The absolute value of `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01774
  `x` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01232
  (`x` + `width`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01775
  `y` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01776
  `y` must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01777
  (`y` + `height`) must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01233
  (`y` + `height`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-minDepth-01234
  If the `VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted` extension is not enabled, `minDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

- VUID-VkViewport-maxDepth-01235
  If the `VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted` extension is not enabled, `maxDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

## See Also

VK_VERSION_1_0, VkCommandBufferInheritanceViewportScissorInfoNV, VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo, vkCmdSetViewport, vkCmdSetViewportWithCount, vkCmdSetViewportWithCountEXT

## Document Notes

For more information, see the Vulkan Specification

This page is extracted from the Vulkan Specification. Fixes and changes should be made to the Specification, not directly.

## Copyright

Copyright 2014-2025 The Khronos Group Inc.

SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0