# VkBlendOp(3) Manual Page

## Name

VkBlendOp - Framebuffer blending operations

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## C Specification

Once the source and destination blend factors have been selected, they along with the source and destination components are passed to the blending operations. RGB and alpha components can use different operations. Possible values of VkBlendOp, specifying the operations, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBlendOp {
        VK_BLEND_OP_ADD = 0,
        VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT = 1,
        VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT = 2,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MIN = 3,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MAX = 4,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_ZERO_EXT = 1000148000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_EXT = 1000148001,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_EXT = 1000148002,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OVER_EXT = 1000148003,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OVER_EXT = 1000148004,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_IN_EXT = 1000148005,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_IN_EXT = 1000148006,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_OUT_EXT = 1000148007,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_OUT_EXT = 1000148008,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SRC_ATOP_EXT = 1000148009,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DST_ATOP_EXT = 1000148010,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_XOR_EXT = 1000148011,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MULTIPLY_EXT = 1000148012,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SCREEN_EXT = 1000148013,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_OVERLAY_EXT = 1000148014,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DARKEN_EXT = 1000148015,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LIGHTEN_EXT = 1000148016,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_COLORDODGE_EXT = 1000148017,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_COLORBURN_EXT = 1000148018,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HARDLIGHT_EXT = 1000148019,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_SOFTLIGHT_EXT = 1000148020,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_DIFFERENCE_EXT = 1000148021,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_EXCLUSION_EXT = 1000148022,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_EXT = 1000148023,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_RGB_EXT = 1000148024,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARDODGE_EXT = 1000148025,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARBURN_EXT = 1000148026,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_VIVIDLIGHT_EXT = 1000148027,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_LINEARLIGHT_EXT = 1000148028,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PINLIGHT_EXT = 1000148029,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HARDMIX_EXT = 1000148030,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_HUE_EXT = 1000148031,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_SATURATION_EXT = 1000148032,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_COLOR_EXT = 1000148033,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_HSL_LUMINOSITY_EXT = 1000148034,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_EXT = 1000148035,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_EXT = 1000148036,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_CLAMPED_ALPHA_EXT = 1000148037,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_PLUS_DARKER_EXT = 1000148038,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_EXT = 1000148039,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_MINUS_CLAMPED_EXT = 1000148040,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_CONTRAST_EXT = 1000148041,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_INVERT_OVG_EXT = 1000148042,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_RED_EXT = 1000148043,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_GREEN_EXT = 1000148044,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced
        VK_BLEND_OP_BLUE_EXT = 1000148045,
    } VkBlendOp;

## Description

The semantics of the basic blend operations are described in the table below:

Table 1. Basic Blend Operations
VkBlendOp | RGB Components | Alpha Component
--- | --- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_ADD` | R = Rs0 × Sr + Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg + Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb + Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa + Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT` | R = Rs0 × Sr - Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg - Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb - Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa - Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT` | R = Rd × Dr - Rs0 × Sr G = Gd × Dg - Gs0 × Sg B = Bd × Db - Bs0 × Sb | A = Ad × Da - As0 × Sa
`VK_BLEND_OP_MIN` | R = min(Rs0,Rd) G = min(Gs0,Gd) B = min(Bs0,Bd) | A = min(As0,Ad)
`VK_BLEND_OP_MAX` | R = max(Rs0,Rd) G = max(Gs0,Gd) B = max(Bs0,Bd) | A = max(As0,Ad)

In this table, the following conventions are used:

- Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0 represent the first source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Rd, Gd, Bd and Ad represent the R, G, B, and A components of the destination color. That is, the color currently in the corresponding color attachment for this fragment/sample.

- Sr, Sg, Sb and Sa represent the source blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Dr, Dg, Db and Da represent the destination blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

The blending operation produces a new set of values R, G, B and A, which are written to the framebuffer attachment. If blending is not enabled for this attachment, then R, G, B and A are assigned Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0, respectively.

If the color attachment is fixed-point, the components of the source and destination values and blend factors are each clamped to [0,1] or [-1,1] respectively for an unsigned normalized or signed normalized color attachment prior to evaluating the blend operations. If the color attachment is floating-point, no clamping occurs.

## See Also

VK_VERSION_1_0, VkColorBlendAdvancedEXT, VkColorBlendEquationEXT, VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState

## Document Notes

For more information, see the Vulkan Specification

This page is extracted from the Vulkan Specification. Fixes and changes should be made to the Specification, not directly.

## Copyright

Copyright 2014-2025 The Khronos Group Inc.

SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0