std::basic_string::operator=(3)

NAME
std::basic_string::operator= - std::basic_string::operator=

Synopsis
   basic_string& operator=( const basic_string& str ); (1) (constexpr since C++20)
   basic_string& operator=( basic_string&& str ) (2) (since C++11)
       noexcept(/* see below */); (constexpr since C++20)
   basic_string& operator=( const CharT* s ); (3) (constexpr since C++20)
   basic_string& operator=( CharT ch ); (4) (constexpr since C++20)
   basic_string& operator=( std::initializer_list<CharT> (5) (since C++11)
   ilist ); (constexpr since C++20)
   template<class StringViewLike> (6) (since C++17)
   basic_string& operator=( const StringViewLike& t ); (constexpr since C++20)
   basic_string& operator=( std::nullptr_t ) = delete; (7) (since C++23)
   Replaces the contents of the string.
   1) Replaces the contents with a copy of str. If *this and str are the same object,
   this function has no effect.
   2) Replaces the contents with those of str using SequenceContainer's move assignment
   semantics.
   Unlike other sequence container move assignments, references, pointers, and
   iterators to elements of str may be invalidated.
   3) Replaces the contents with those of null-terminated character string pointed to
   by s as if by assign(s, Traits::length(s)).
   4) Replaces the contents with character ch as if by assign(std::addressof(ch), 1).
   5) Replaces the contents with those of the initializer list ilist as if by
   assign(ilist.begin(), ilist.size()).
   6) Implicitly converts t to a string view sv as if by std::basic_string_view<CharT,
   Traits> sv = t;, then replaces the contents with those of the sv as if by
   assign(sv).
   This overload participates in overload resolution only if
   std::is_convertible_v<const StringViewLike&,
                        std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>> is true and
   std::is_convertible_v<const StringViewLike&, const CharT*> is false.
   7) std::basic_string cannot be assigned from nullptr.

Parameters
   ch - value to initialize characters of the string with
   str - string to be used as source to initialize the string with
   s - pointer to a null-terminated character string to use as source to initialize
           the string with
   ilist - std::initializer_list to initialize the string with
   t - object convertible to std::basic_string_view to initialize the string with

Return value
   *this

Complexity
   1) Linear in size of str.
   2) Linear in the size of *this (formally, each CharT has to be destroyed). If
   allocators do not compare equal and do not propagate, then also linear in the size
   of str (copy must be made).
   3) Linear in size of s.
   4) Constant.
   5) Linear in size of ilist.
   6) Linear in size of t.

Exceptions
   2)
   noexcept specification:
   noexcept(std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::
                propagate_on_container_move_assignment::value ||
            std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::is_always_equal::value)
   If the operation would result in size() > max_size(), throws std::length_error.
   If an exception is thrown for any reason, this function has no effect (strong
   exception safety guarantee).

Example
// Run this code
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
 int main()
 {
     std::string str1;
     std::string str2{"alpha"};
     // (1) operator=(const basic_string&);
     str1 = str2;
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << ' ' // "alpha"
               << std::quoted(str2) << '\n'; // "alpha"
     // (2) operator=(basic_string&&);
     str1 = std::move(str2);
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << ' ' // "alpha"
               << std::quoted(str2) << '\n'; // "" or "alpha" (unspecified)
     // (3) operator=(const CharT*);
     str1 = "beta";
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << '\n'; // "beta"
     // (4) operator=(CharT);
     str1 = '!';
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << '\n'; // "!"
     // (5) operator=(std::initializer_list<CharT>);
     str1 = {'g', 'a', 'm', 'm', 'a'};
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << '\n'; // "gamma"
     // (6) operator=(const T&);
     str1 = 35U; // equivalent to str1 = static_cast<char>(35U);
     std::cout << std::quoted(str1) << '\n'; // "#" (ASCII = 35)
 }

Possible output:
 "alpha" "alpha"
 "alpha" ""
 "beta"
 "!"
 "gamma"
 "#"
   Defect reports
   The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to
   previously published C++ standards.
      DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
   LWG 847 C++98 there was no exception safety guarantee added strong exception
                        safety guarantee
                       the move assignment operator did not
   LWG 2063 C++11 follow follows
                       SequenceContainer's semantic requirement
   LWG 2946 C++17 overload (6) caused ambiguity in some avoided by making it a
                       cases template

See also
   constructor constructs a basic_string
                 (public member function)
   assign assign characters to a string
                 (public member function)
                 assigns a view
   operator= (public member function of std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>)

Category:
     * conditionally noexcept