|  | reflex::Input Class Reference updated Thu Jun 19 2025 by Robert van Engelen |

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reflex::Input Class Reference

Input character sequence class for unified access to sources of input text. More...

`#include <input.h>`

Inheritance diagram for reflex::Input:
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Collaboration diagram for reflex::Input:
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## Classes

class | dos_streambuf
| Stream buffer for reflex::Input to read DOS files, replaces CRLF by LF, derived from std::streambuf. More...
struct | file_encoding
| Common file_encoding constants. More...
struct | Handler
| FILE* handler functor base class to analyze FILE* input, handle errors and non-blocking FILE* reads. More...
class | streambuf
| Stream buffer for reflex::Input, derived from std::streambuf. More...

## Public Types

typedef unsigned short | file_encoding_type
| Common file_encoding constants type. More...

## Public Member Functions

| Input ()
| Construct empty input character sequence. More...
| Input (const Input &input)
| Copy constructor (with intended "move semantics" as internal state is shared, should not rely on using the rhs after copying). More...
| Input (const char *cstring, size_t size)
| Construct input character sequence from a char* string. More...
| Input (const char *cstring)
| Construct input character sequence from a NUL-terminated string. More...
| Input (const std::string &string)
| Construct input character sequence from a std::string. More...
| Input (const std::string *string)
| Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::string. More...
| Input (const wchar_t *wstring)
| Construct input character sequence from a NUL-terminated wide character string. More...
| Input (const std::wstring &wstring)
| Construct input character sequence from a std::wstring (may contain UTF-16 surrogate pairs). More...
| Input (const std::wstring *wstring)
| Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::wstring (may contain UTF-16 surrogate pairs). More...
| Input (FILE *file)
| Construct input character sequence from an open FILE* file descriptor, supports UTF-8 conversion from UTF-16 and UTF-32. More...
| Input (FILE *file, file_encoding_type enc, const unsigned short *page=NULL)
| Construct input character sequence from an open FILE* file descriptor, using the specified file encoding. More...
| Input (std::istream &istream)
| Construct input character sequence from a std::istream. More...
| Input (std::istream *istream)
| Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::istream. More...
Input & | operator= (const Input &input)
| Copy assignment operator. More...
| operator const char * () const
| Cast this Input object to a string, returns NULL when this Input is not a string. More...
| operator const wchar_t * () const
| Cast this Input object to a wide character string, returns NULL when this Input is not a wide string. More...
| operator FILE * () const
| Cast this Input object to a file descriptor FILE*, returns NULL when this Input is not a FILE*. More...
| operator std::istream * () const
| Cast this Input object to a std::istream*, returns NULL when this Input is not a std::istream. More...
| operator bool () const
const char * | cstring () const
| Get the remaining string of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a string. More...
const wchar_t * | wstring () const
| Get the remaining wide character string of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a wide string. More...
FILE * | file () const
| Get the FILE* of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a FILE*. More...
std::istream * | istream () const
| Get the std::istream of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a std::istream. More...
size_t | size ()
| Get the size of the input character sequence in number of ASCII/UTF-8 bytes (zero if size is not determinable from a `FILE*` or `std::istream` source). More...
bool | assigned () const
| Check if this Input object was assigned a character sequence. More...
void | clear ()
| Clear this Input by unassigning it. More...
bool | good () const
| Check if input is available. More...
bool | eof () const
| Check if input reached EOF. More...
int | get ()
| Get a single character (unsigned char 0..255) or EOF (-1) when end-of-input is reached. More...
size_t | get (char *s, size_t n)
| Copy character sequence data into buffer. More...
void | file_encoding (file_encoding_type enc, const unsigned short *page=NULL)
| Set encoding for `FILE*` input. More...
file_encoding_type | file_encoding () const
| Get encoding of the current `FILE*` input. More...
void | init ()
| Initialize the state after (re)setting the input source, auto-detects UTF BOM in FILE* input if the file size is known. More...
void | file_init ()
| Called by init() for a FILE*. More...
void | wstring_size ()
| Called by size() for a wstring. More...
void | file_size ()
| Called by size() for a FILE*. More...
void | istream_size ()
| Called by size() for a std::istream. More...
size_t | file_get (char *s, size_t n)
| Implements get() on a FILE*, is non-blocking if file is non-blocking, get() blocks to read at least one byte. More...
bool | file_read (char *s, size_t n)
| Read n bytes into buffer s from file, block when IO is non-blocking, return false when fewer bytes read on failure or eof. More...
bool | file_ready ()
| Wait for non-blocking file input to be ready and return true or return false for eof and errors, ignore EINTR. More...
void | set_handler (Handler *handler)
| Set FILE* handler. More...

## Protected Attributes

const char * | cstring_
| char string input (when non-null) of length reflex::Input::size_ More...
const wchar_t * | wstring_
| NUL-terminated wide string input (when non-null) More...
FILE * | file_
| FILE* input (when non-null) More...
std::istream * | istream_
| stream input (when non-null) More...
size_t | size_
| size of the remaining input in bytes (size_ == 0 may indicate size is not set) More...
char | utf8_ [8]
| UTF-8 normalization buffer, >=8 bytes. More...
unsigned short | uidx_
| index in utf8_[] More...
unsigned short | ulen_
| length of data (remaining after uidx_) in utf8_[] or 0 if no data More...
file_encoding_type | utfx_
| file_encoding More...
const unsigned short * | page_
| custom code page More...
Handler * | handler_
| to handle FILE* errors and non-blocking FILE* reads More...

## Detailed Description

Input character sequence class for unified access to sources of input text.

## Description

The Input class unifies access to a source of input text that constitutes a sequence of characters:

- An Input object is instantiated and (re)assigned a (new) source input: either a `char*` string, a `wchar_t*` wide string, a `std::string`, a `std::wstring`, a `FILE*` descriptor, or a `std::istream` object.
- Strings specified as input must be persistent and cannot be temporary. The input string contents are incrementally extracted and converted as necessary, when specified with an encoding format `reflex::Input::file_encoding`.
- When assigned a wide string source as input, the wide character content is automatically converted to an UTF-8 character sequence when reading with get(). Wide strings are UCS-2/UCS-4 and may contain UTF-16 surrogate pairs.
- When assigned a `FILE*` source as input, the file is checked for the presence of a UTF-8 or a UTF-16 BOM (Byte Order Mark). A UTF-8 BOM is ignored and will not appear on the input character stream (and size is adjusted by 3 bytes). A UTF-16 BOM is intepreted, resulting in the conversion of the file content automatically to an UTF-8 character sequence when reading the file with get(). Also, size() gives the content size in the number of UTF-8 bytes.
- An input object can be reassigned a new source of input for reading at any time.
- An input object obeys move semantics. That is, after assigning an input object to another, the former can no longer be used to read input. This prevents adding the overhead and complexity of file and stream duplication.
- `size_t Input::get(char *buf, size_t len);` reads source input and fills `buf` with up to `len` bytes, returning the number of bytes read or zero when a stream or file is bad or when EOF is reached.
- `size_t Input::size();` returns the number of ASCII/UTF-8 bytes available to read from the source input or zero (zero is also returned when the size is not determinable). Use this function only before reading input with get(). Wide character strings and UTF-16 `FILE*` content is counted as the total number of UTF-8 bytes that will be produced by get(). The size of a `std::istream` cannot be determined.
- `bool Input::good();` returns true if the input is readable and has no EOF or error state. Returns false on EOF or if an error condition is present.
- `bool Input::eof();` returns true if the input reached EOF. Note that good() == ! eof() for string source input only, since files and streams may have error conditions that prevent reading. That is, for files and streams eof() implies good() == false, but not vice versa. Thus, an error is diagnosed when the condition good() == false && eof() == false holds. Note that get(buf, len) == 0 && len > 0 implies good() == false.
- `class Input::streambbuf(const Input&)` creates a `std::istream` for the given `Input` object.
- Compile with `WITH_UTF8_UNRESTRICTED` to enable unrestricted UTF-8 beyond U+10FFFF, permitting lossless UTF-8 encoding of 32 bit words without limits.

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to read a character sequence in blocks from a `std::ifstream` to copy to stdout:

std::ifstream ifs;
ifs.open("input.h", std::ifstream::in);
reflex::Input input(ifs);
char buf[1024];
size_t len;
while ((len = input.get(buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
if (!input.eof())
std::cerr << "An IO error occurred" << std::endl;
ifs.close();

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to store the entire content of a file in a temporary buffer:

reflex::Input input(fopen("input.h", "r"));
if (input.file() == NULL)
abort();
size_t len = input.size(); // file size (minus any leading UTF BOM)
char *buf = new char[len];
input.get(buf, len);
if (!input.eof())
std::cerr << "An IO error occurred" << std::endl;
fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
delete[] buf;
fclose(input.file());

In the above, files with UTF-16 and UTF-32 content are converted to UTF-8 by `get(buf, len)`. Also, `size()` returns the total number of UTF-8 bytes to copy in the buffer by `get(buf, len)`. The size is computed depending on the UTF-8/16/32 file content encoding, i.e. given a leading UTF BOM in the file. This means that UTF-16/32 files are read twice, first internally with `size()` and then again with get(buf, len)`.

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to read a character sequence in blocks from a file:

reflex::Input input(fopen("input.h", "r"));
char buf[1024];
size_t len;
while ((len = input.get(buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
fclose(input);

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to echo characters one by one from stdin, e.g. reading input from a tty:

reflex::Input input(stdin);
char c;
while (input.get(&c, 1))
fputc(c, stdout);

Or if you prefer to use an int character and check for EOF explicitly:

reflex::Input input(stdin);
int c;
while ((c = input.get()) != EOF)
fputc(c, stdout);

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to read a character sequence in blocks from a wide character string, converting it to UTF-8 to copy to stdout:

reflex::Input input(L"Copyright ©"); // © is unicode U+00A9 and UTF-8 C2 A9
char buf[8];
size_t len;
while ((len = input.get(buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0)
fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);

## Example

The following example shows how to use the Input class to convert a wide character string to UTF-8:

reflex::Input input(L"Copyright ©"); // © is unicode U+00A9 and UTF-8 C2 A9
size_t len = input.size(); // size of UTF-8 string
char *buf = new char[len + 1];
input.get(buf, len);
buf[len] = '\0'; // make \0-terminated

## Example

The following example shows how to switch source inputs while reading input byte by byte (use a buffer as shown in other examples to improve efficiency):

reflex::Input input = "Hello";
std::string message;
char c;
while (input.get(&c, 1))
message.append(c);
input = L" world! To ∞ and beyond."; // switch input to a wide string
while (input.get(&c, 1))
message.append(c);

## Example

The following examples shows how to use reflex::Input::streambuf to create an unbuffered std::istream:

reflex::Input input(fopen("legacy.txt", "r"), reflex::Input::file_encoding::ebcdic);
if (input.file() == NULL)
abort();
reflex::Input::streambuf streambuf(input);
std::istream stream(&streambuf);
std::string data;
int c;
while ((c = stream.get()) != EOF)
data.append(c);
fclose(input.file());

With reflex::BufferedInput::streambuf to create a buffered std::istream:

reflex::Input input(fopen("legacy.txt", "r"), reflex::Input::file_encoding::ebcdic);
if (input.file() == NULL)
abort();
reflex::BufferedInput::streambuf streambuf(input);
std::istream stream(&streambuf);
std::string data;
int c;
while ((c = stream.get()) != EOF)
data.append(c);
fclose(input.file());

## Member Typedef Documentation

typedef unsigned short reflex::Input::file_encoding_type

Common file_encoding constants type.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

reflex::Input::Input | ( |  | ) |

inline

Construct empty input character sequence.

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const Input & | input | ) |

inline

Copy constructor (with intended "move semantics" as internal state is shared, should not rely on using the rhs after copying).

Parameters

  input | an Input object to share state with (undefined behavior results from using both objects)

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const char * | cstring,
|  | size_t | size
| ) |  |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a char* string.

Parameters

  cstring | char string
  size | length of the string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const char * | cstring | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a NUL-terminated string.

Parameters

  cstring | NUL-terminated char* string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const std::string & | string | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a std::string.

Parameters

  string | input string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const std::string * | string | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::string.

Parameters

  string | input string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const wchar_t * | wstring | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a NUL-terminated wide character string.

Parameters

  wstring | NUL-terminated wchar_t* input string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const std::wstring & | wstring | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a std::wstring (may contain UTF-16 surrogate pairs).

Parameters

  wstring | input wide string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | const std::wstring * | wstring | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::wstring (may contain UTF-16 surrogate pairs).

Parameters

  wstring | input wide string

reflex::Input::Input | ( | FILE * | file | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from an open FILE* file descriptor, supports UTF-8 conversion from UTF-16 and UTF-32.

Parameters

  file | input file

reflex::Input::Input | ( | FILE * | file,
|  | file_encoding_type | enc,
|  | const unsigned short * | page = `NULL`
| ) |  |

inline

Construct input character sequence from an open FILE* file descriptor, using the specified file encoding.

Parameters

  file | input file
  enc | file_encoding (when UTF BOM is not present)
  page | code page for file_encoding::custom

reflex::Input::Input | ( | std::istream & | istream | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a std::istream.

Parameters

  istream | input stream

reflex::Input::Input | ( | std::istream * | istream | ) |

inline

Construct input character sequence from a pointer to a std::istream.

Parameters

  istream | input stream

## Member Function Documentation

bool reflex::Input::assigned | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Check if this Input object was assigned a character sequence.

Returns
  true if this Input object was assigned (not default constructed or cleared)

void reflex::Input::clear | ( |  | ) |

inline

Clear this Input by unassigning it.

const char* reflex::Input::cstring | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Get the remaining string of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a string.

Returns
  remaining unbuffered part of the NUL-terminated string or NULL

bool reflex::Input::eof | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Check if input reached EOF.

Returns
  true if input is at EOF and no characters are available

FILE* reflex::Input::file | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Get the FILE* of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a FILE*.

Returns
  pointer to current file descriptor or NULL

void reflex::Input::file_encoding | ( | file_encoding_type | enc,
|  | const unsigned short * | page = `NULL`
| ) |  |

Set encoding for `FILE*` input.

Parameters

  enc | file_encoding
  page | custom code page for file_encoding::custom

file_encoding_type reflex::Input::file_encoding | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Get encoding of the current `FILE*` input.

Returns
  current file_encoding constant

size_t reflex::Input::file_get | ( | char * | s,
|  | size_t | n
| ) |  |

Implements get() on a FILE*, is non-blocking if file is non-blocking, get() blocks to read at least one byte.

Parameters

  s | points to the string buffer to fill with input
  n | size of buffer pointed to by s

void reflex::Input::file_init | ( |  | ) |

Called by init() for a FILE*.

bool reflex::Input::file_read | ( | char * | s,
|  | size_t | n
| ) |  |

inline

Read n bytes into buffer s from file, block when IO is non-blocking, return false when fewer bytes read on failure or eof.

Parameters

  s | points to the string buffer to file with input
  n | size of the buffer pointed to by s

bool reflex::Input::file_ready | ( |  | ) |

Wait for non-blocking file input to be ready and return true or return false for eof and errors, ignore EINTR.

void reflex::Input::file_size | ( |  | ) |

Called by size() for a FILE*.

int reflex::Input::get | ( |  | ) |

inline

Get a single character (unsigned char 0..255) or EOF (-1) when end-of-input is reached.

size_t reflex::Input::get | ( | char * | s,
|  | size_t | n
| ) |  |

inline

Copy character sequence data into buffer.

Returns
  the nonzero number of (less or equal to n) 8-bit characters added to buffer s from the current input, or zero when EOF

Parameters

  s | points to the string buffer to fill with input
  n | size of buffer pointed to by s

bool reflex::Input::good | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Check if input is available.

Returns
  true if a non-empty sequence of characters is available to get

void reflex::Input::init | ( |  | ) |

inline

Initialize the state after (re)setting the input source, auto-detects UTF BOM in FILE* input if the file size is known.

std::istream* reflex::Input::istream | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Get the std::istream of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a std::istream.

Returns
  pointer to current std::istream or NULL

void reflex::Input::istream_size | ( |  | ) |

Called by size() for a std::istream.

reflex::Input::operator bool | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Returns
  true if a non-empty sequence of characters is available to get

reflex::Input::operator const char * | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Cast this Input object to a string, returns NULL when this Input is not a string.

Returns
  remaining unbuffered part of a NUL-terminated string or NULL

reflex::Input::operator const wchar_t * | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Cast this Input object to a wide character string, returns NULL when this Input is not a wide string.

Returns
  remaining unbuffered part of the NUL-terminated wide character string or NULL

reflex::Input::operator FILE * | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Cast this Input object to a file descriptor FILE*, returns NULL when this Input is not a FILE*.

Returns
  pointer to current file descriptor or NULL

reflex::Input::operator std::istream * | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Cast this Input object to a std::istream*, returns NULL when this Input is not a std::istream.

Returns
  pointer to current std::istream or NULL

Input& reflex::Input::operator= | ( | const Input & | input | ) |

inline

Copy assignment operator.

void reflex::Input::set_handler | ( | Handler * | handler | ) |

inline

Set FILE* handler.

size_t reflex::Input::size | ( |  | ) |

inline

Get the size of the input character sequence in number of ASCII/UTF-8 bytes (zero if size is not determinable from a `FILE*` or `std::istream` source).

Returns
  the nonzero number of ASCII/UTF-8 bytes available to read, or zero when source is empty or if size is not determinable e.g. when reading from standard input

const wchar_t* reflex::Input::wstring | ( |  | ) | const

inline

Get the remaining wide character string of this Input object, returns NULL when this Input is not a wide string.

Returns
  remaining unbuffered part of the NUL-terminated wide character string or NULL

void reflex::Input::wstring_size | ( |  | ) |

Called by size() for a wstring.

## Member Data Documentation

const char* reflex::Input::cstring_

protected

char string input (when non-null) of length reflex::Input::size_

FILE* reflex::Input::file_

protected

FILE* input (when non-null)

Handler* reflex::Input::handler_

protected

to handle FILE* errors and non-blocking FILE* reads

std::istream* reflex::Input::istream_

protected

stream input (when non-null)

const unsigned short* reflex::Input::page_

protected

custom code page

size_t reflex::Input::size_

protected

size of the remaining input in bytes (size_ == 0 may indicate size is not set)

unsigned short reflex::Input::uidx_

protected

index in utf8_[]

unsigned short reflex::Input::ulen_

protected

length of data (remaining after uidx_) in utf8_[] or 0 if no data

char reflex::Input::utf8_[8]

protected

UTF-8 normalization buffer, >=8 bytes.

file_encoding_type reflex::Input::utfx_

protected

file_encoding

const wchar_t* reflex::Input::wstring_

protected

NUL-terminated wide string input (when non-null)

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

- input.h