- Qt 5.5
- Qt WebEngine Widgets
- WebEngine Fancy Browser Example
- Qt 5.5.1 Reference Documentation

# WebEngine Fancy Browser Example

The application makes use of QWebEnginePage::evaluateJavaScript to evaluate the jQuery JavaScript code. A QMainWindow with a QWebEngineView as central widget builds up the browser itself.

## Running the Example

To run the example from Qt Creator, open the Welcome mode and select the example from Examples. For more information, visit Building and Running an Example.

## MainWindow Class Definition

The `MainWindow` class inherits QMainWindow. It implements a number of slots to perform actions on both the application and on the web content.

    class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
    {
        Q_OBJECT

    public:
        MainWindow(const QUrl& url);

    protected slots:

        void adjustLocation();
        void changeLocation();
        void adjustTitle();
        void setProgress(int p);
        void finishLoading(bool);

        void viewSource();

        void highlightAllLinks();
        void rotateImages(bool invert);
        void removeGifImages();
        void removeInlineFrames();
        void removeObjectElements();
        void removeEmbeddedElements();

    private:
        QString jQuery;
        QWebEngineView *view;
        QLineEdit *locationEdit;
        QAction *rotateAction;
        int progress;

We also declare a QString that contains the jQuery, a QWebView that displays the web content, and a QLineEdit that acts as the address bar.

## MainWindow Class Implementation

We start by implementing the constructor.

    MainWindow::MainWindow(const QUrl& url)
    {
        progress = 0;

        QFile file;
        file.setFileName(":/jquery.min.js");
        file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly);
        jQuery = file.readAll();
        jQuery.append("\nvar qt = { 'jQuery': jQuery.noConflict(true) };");
        file.close();

The first part of the constructor sets the value of `progress` to 0. This value will be used later in the code to visualize the loading of a webpage.

Next, the jQuery library is loaded using a QFile and reading the file content. The jQuery library is a JavaScript library that provides different functions for manipulating HTML.

        view = new QWebEngineView(this);
        view->load(url);
        connect(view, SIGNAL(loadFinished(bool)), SLOT(adjustLocation()));
        connect(view, SIGNAL(titleChanged(QString)), SLOT(adjustTitle()));
        connect(view, SIGNAL(loadProgress(int)), SLOT(setProgress(int)));
        connect(view, SIGNAL(loadFinished(bool)), SLOT(finishLoading(bool)));

        locationEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
        locationEdit->setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, locationEdit->sizePolicy().verticalPolicy());
        connect(locationEdit, SIGNAL(returnPressed()), SLOT(changeLocation()));

        QToolBar *toolBar = addToolBar(tr("Navigation"));
        toolBar->addAction(view->pageAction(QWebEnginePage::Back));
        toolBar->addAction(view->pageAction(QWebEnginePage::Forward));
        toolBar->addAction(view->pageAction(QWebEnginePage::Reload));
        toolBar->addAction(view->pageAction(QWebEnginePage::Stop));
        toolBar->addWidget(locationEdit);

The second part of the constructor creates a QWebView and connects slots to the views signals. Furthermore, we create a QLineEdit as the browsers address bar. We then set the horizontal QSizePolicy to fill the available area in the browser at all times. We add the QLineEdit to a QToolbar together with a set of navigation actions from QWebView::pageAction.

        QMenu *effectMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&Effect"));
        effectMenu->addAction("Highlight all links", this, SLOT(highlightAllLinks()));

        rotateAction = new QAction(this);
        rotateAction->setIcon(style()->standardIcon(QStyle::SP_FileDialogDetailedView));
        rotateAction->setCheckable(true);
        rotateAction->setText(tr("Turn images upside down"));
        connect(rotateAction, SIGNAL(toggled(bool)), this, SLOT(rotateImages(bool)));
        effectMenu->addAction(rotateAction);

        QMenu *toolsMenu = menuBar()->addMenu(tr("&Tools"));
        toolsMenu->addAction(tr("Remove GIF images"), this, SLOT(removeGifImages()));
        toolsMenu->addAction(tr("Remove all inline frames"), this, SLOT(removeInlineFrames()));
        toolsMenu->addAction(tr("Remove all object elements"), this, SLOT(removeObjectElements()));
        toolsMenu->addAction(tr("Remove all embedded elements"), this, SLOT(removeEmbeddedElements()));

        setCentralWidget(view);
    }

The third and last part of the constructor implements two QMenus and assigns a set of actions to them. The last line sets the QWebView as the central widget in the QMainWindow.

    void MainWindow::adjustLocation()
    {
        locationEdit->setText(view->url().toString());
    }

    void MainWindow::changeLocation()
    {
        QUrl url = QUrl::fromUserInput(locationEdit->text());
        view->load(url);
        view->setFocus();
    }

When the page is loaded, `adjustLocation()` updates the address bar; `adjustLocation()` is triggered by the `loadFinished()` signal in QWebView. In `changeLocation()` we create a QUrl object, and then use it to load the page into the QWebView. When the new web page has finished loading, `adjustLocation()` will be run once more to update the address bar.

    void MainWindow::adjustTitle()
    {
        if (progress <= 0 || progress >= 100)
            setWindowTitle(view->title());
        else
            setWindowTitle(QString("%1 (%2%)").arg(view->title()).arg(progress));
    }

    void MainWindow::setProgress(int p)
    {
        progress = p;
        adjustTitle();
    }

`adjustTitle()` sets the window title and displays the loading progress. This slot is triggered by the `titleChanged()` signal in QWebView.

    void MainWindow::finishLoading(bool)
    {
        progress = 100;
        adjustTitle();
        view->page()->runJavaScript(jQuery);

        rotateImages(rotateAction->isChecked());
    }

When a web page has loaded, `finishLoading()` is triggered by the `loadFinished()` signal in QWebView. `finishLoading()` then updates the progress in the title bar and calls `evaluateJavaScript()` to evaluate the jQuery library. This evaluates the JavaScript against the current web page. What that means is that the JavaScript can be viewed as part of the content loaded into the QWebView, and therefore needs to be loaded every time a new page is loaded. Once the jQuery library is loaded, we can start executing the different jQuery functions in the browser.

The rotateImages() function is then called explicitely to make sure that the images of the newly loaded page respect the state of the toggle action.

    void MainWindow::highlightAllLinks()
    {
        // We append '; undefined' after the jQuery call here to prevent a possible recursion loop and crash caused by
        // the way the elements returned by the each iterator elements reference each other, which causes problems upon
        // converting them to QVariants.
        QString code = "qt.jQuery('a').each( function () { qt.jQuery(this).css('background-color', 'yellow') } ); undefined";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

The first jQuery-based function, `highlightAllLinks()`, is designed to highlight all links in the current webpage. The JavaScript code looks for web elements named a, which is the tag for a hyperlink. For each such element, the background color is set to be yellow by using CSS.

    void MainWindow::rotateImages(bool invert)
    {
        QString code;

        // We append '; undefined' after each of the jQuery calls here to prevent a possible recursion loop and crash caused by
        // the way the elements returned by the each iterator elements reference each other, which causes problems upon
        // converting them to QVariants.
        if (invert)
            code = "qt.jQuery('img').each( function () { qt.jQuery(this).css('-webkit-transition', '-webkit-transform 2s'); qt.jQuery(this).css('-webkit-transform', 'rotate(180deg)') } ); undefined";
        else
            code = "qt.jQuery('img').each( function () { qt.jQuery(this).css('-webkit-transition', '-webkit-transform 2s'); qt.jQuery(this).css('-webkit-transform', 'rotate(0deg)') } ); undefined";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

The `rotateImages()` function rotates the images on the current web page. This JavaScript code relies on CSS transforms and looks up all img elements and rotates the images 180 degrees and then back again.

    void MainWindow::removeGifImages()
    {
        QString code = "qt.jQuery('[src*=gif]').remove()";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

    void MainWindow::removeInlineFrames()
    {
        QString code = "qt.jQuery('iframe').remove()";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

    void MainWindow::removeObjectElements()
    {
        QString code = "qt.jQuery('object').remove()";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

    void MainWindow::removeEmbeddedElements()
    {
        QString code = "qt.jQuery('embed').remove()";
        view->page()->runJavaScript(code);
    }

The remaining four methods remove different elements from the current web page. `removeGifImages()` removes all GIF images on the page by looking up the src attribute of all the elements on the web page. Any element with a gif file as its source is removed. `removeInlineFrames()` removes all iframe or inline elements. `removeObjectElements()` removes all object elements, and `removeEmbeddedElements()` removes any elements such as plugins embedded on the page using the embed tag.

Files:

- fancybrowser/jquery.min.js
- fancybrowser/mainwindow.cpp
- fancybrowser/mainwindow.h
- fancybrowser/main.cpp
- fancybrowser/fancybrowser.pro
- fancybrowser/jquery.qrc