Qt 5.13 | Qt Quick | QML Types | Loader QML Type

Qt 5.13.2 Reference Documentation

# Loader QML Type

Allows dynamic loading of a subtree from a URL or Component. More...

Import Statement: | import QtQuick 2.13
Inherits: | Item

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Properties

- active : bool
- asynchronous : bool
- item : object
- progress : real
- source : url
- sourceComponent : Component
- status : enumeration

## Signals

- loaded()

## Methods

- object setSource(source, object properties)

## Detailed Description

Loader is used to dynamically load QML components.

Loader can load a QML file (using the source property) or a Component object (using the sourceComponent property). It is useful for delaying the creation of a component until it is required: for example, when a component should be created on demand, or when a component should not be created unnecessarily for performance reasons.

Here is a Loader that loads "Page1.qml" as a component when the MouseArea is clicked:

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Item {
          width: 200; height: 200

          Loader { id: pageLoader }

          MouseArea {
              anchors.fill: parent
              onClicked: pageLoader.source = "Page1.qml"
          }
      }

The loaded object can be accessed using the item property.

If the source or sourceComponent changes, any previously instantiated items are destroyed. Setting source to an empty string or setting sourceComponent to `undefined` destroys the currently loaded object, freeing resources and leaving the Loader empty.

### Loader Sizing Behavior

If the source component is not an Item type, Loader does not apply any special sizing rules. When used to load visual types, Loader applies the following sizing rules:

- If an explicit size is not specified for the Loader, the Loader is automatically resized to the size of the loaded item once the component is loaded.
- If the size of the Loader is specified explicitly by setting the width, height or by anchoring, the loaded item will be resized to the size of the Loader.

In both scenarios the size of the item and the Loader are identical. This ensures that anchoring to the Loader is equivalent to anchoring to the loaded item.

sizeloader.qml | sizeitem.qml

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Item {
        width: 200; height: 200

        Loader {
          // Explicitly set the size of the
          // Loader to the parent item's size
          anchors.fill: parent
          sourceComponent: rect
        }

        Component {
          id: rect
          Rectangle {
            width: 50
            height: 50
            color: "red"
            }
        }
      }

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Item {
        width: 200; height: 200

        Loader {
          // position the Loader in the center
          // of the parent
          anchors.centerIn: parent
          sourceComponent: rect
        }

        Component {
            id: rect
            Rectangle {
                width: 50
                height: 50
                color: "red"
            }
        }
      }

The red rectangle will be sized to the size of the root item. | The red rectangle will be 50x50, centered in the root item.

### Receiving Signals from Loaded Objects

Any signals emitted from the loaded object can be received using the Connections type. For example, the following `application.qml` loads `MyItem.qml`, and is able to receive the `message` signal from the loaded item through a Connections object:

application.qml | MyItem.qml

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Item {
          width: 100; height: 100

          Loader {
             id: myLoader
             source: "MyItem.qml"
          }

          Connections {
              target: myLoader.item
              onMessage: console.log(msg)
          }
      }

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Rectangle {
         id: myItem
         signal message(string msg)

         width: 100; height: 100

         MouseArea {
             anchors.fill: parent
             onClicked: myItem.message("clicked!")
         }
      }

Alternatively, since `MyItem.qml` is loaded within the scope of the Loader, it could also directly call any function defined in the Loader or its parent Item.

### Focus and Key Events

Loader is a focus scope. Its focus property must be set to `true` for any of its children to get the active focus. (See Keyboard Focus in Qt Quick for more details.) Any key events received in the loaded item should likely also be accepted so they are not propagated to the Loader.

For example, the following `application.qml` loads `KeyReader.qml` when the MouseArea is clicked. Notice the focus property is set to `true` for the Loader as well as the Item in the dynamically loaded object:

application.qml | KeyReader.qml

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Rectangle {
          width: 200; height: 200

          Loader {
              id: loader
              focus: true
          }

          MouseArea {
              anchors.fill: parent
              onClicked: {
                  loader.source = "KeyReader.qml"
              }
          }

          Keys.onPressed: {
              console.log("Captured:",
                          event.text);
          }
      }

      import QtQuick 2.0

      Item {
          Item {
              focus: true
              Keys.onPressed: {
                  console.log("KeyReader captured:",
                              event.text);
                  event.accepted = true;
              }
          }
      }

Once `KeyReader.qml` is loaded, it accepts key events and sets `event.accepted` to `true` so that the event is not propagated to the parent Rectangle.

Since `QtQuick 2.0`, Loader can also load non-visual components.

### Using a Loader within a View Delegate

In some cases you may wish to use a Loader within a view delegate to improve delegate loading performance. This works well in most cases, but there is one important issue to be aware of related to the creation context of a Component.

In the following example, the `index` context property inserted by the ListView into `delegateComponent`'s context will be inaccessible to Text, as the Loader will use the creation context of `myComponent` as the parent context when instantiating it, and `index` does not refer to anything within that context chain.

      Item {
          width: 400
          height: 400

          Component {
              id: myComponent
              Text { text: index }    //fails
          }

          ListView {
              anchors.fill: parent
              model: 5
              delegate: Component {
                  id: delegateComponent
                  Loader {
                      sourceComponent: myComponent
                  }
              }
          }
      }

In this situation we can either move the component inline,

              delegate: Component {
                  Loader {
                      sourceComponent: Component {
                          Text { text: index }    //okay
                      }
                  }
              }

into a separate file,

              delegate: Component {
                  Loader {
                      source: "MyComponent.qml" //okay
                  }
              }

or explicitly set the required information as a property of the Loader (this works because the Loader sets itself as the context object for the component it is loading).

      Item {
          width: 400
          height: 400

          Component {
              id: myComponent
              Text { text: modelIndex }    //okay
          }

          ListView {
              anchors.fill: parent
              model: 5
              delegate: Component {
                  Loader {
                      property int modelIndex: index
                      sourceComponent: myComponent
                  }
              }
          }
      }

See also Dynamic Object Creation.

## Property Documentation

active : bool

This property is `true` if the Loader is currently active. The default value for this property is `true`.

If the Loader is inactive, changing the source or sourceComponent will not cause the item to be instantiated until the Loader is made active.

Setting the value to inactive will cause any item loaded by the loader to be released, but will not affect the source or sourceComponent.

The status of an inactive loader is always `Null`.

See also source and sourceComponent.

asynchronous : bool

This property holds whether the component will be instantiated asynchronously. By default it is `false`.

When used in conjunction with the source property, loading and compilation will also be performed in a background thread.

Loading asynchronously creates the objects declared by the component across multiple frames, and reduces the likelihood of glitches in animation. When loading asynchronously the status will change to Loader.Loading. Once the entire component has been created, the item will be available and the status will change to Loader.Ready.

Changing the value of this property to `false` while an asynchronous load is in progress will force immediate, synchronous completion. This allows beginning an asynchronous load and then forcing completion if the Loader content must be accessed before the asynchronous load has completed.

To avoid seeing the items loading progressively set `visible` appropriately, e.g.

      Loader {
          source: "mycomponent.qml"
          asynchronous: true
          visible: status == Loader.Ready
      }

Note that this property affects object instantiation only; it is unrelated to loading a component asynchronously via a network.

item : object

This property holds the top-level object that is currently loaded.

Since `QtQuick 2.0`, Loader can load any object type.

progress : real

This property holds the progress of loading QML data from the network, from 0.0 (nothing loaded) to 1.0 (finished). Most QML files are quite small, so this value will rapidly change from 0 to 1.

See also status.

source : url

This property holds the URL of the QML component to instantiate.

Since `QtQuick 2.0`, Loader is able to load any type of object; it is not restricted to Item types.

To unload the currently loaded object, set this property to an empty string, or set sourceComponent to `undefined`. Setting `source` to a new URL will also cause the item created by the previous URL to be unloaded.

See also sourceComponent, status, and progress.

sourceComponent : Component

This property holds the Component to instantiate.

      Item {
          Component {
              id: redSquare
              Rectangle { color: "red"; width: 10; height: 10 }
          }

          Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare }
          Loader { sourceComponent: redSquare; x: 10 }
      }

To unload the currently loaded object, set this property to `undefined`.

Since `QtQuick 2.0`, Loader is able to load any type of object; it is not restricted to Item types.

See also source and progress.

status : enumeration

This property holds the status of QML loading. It can be one of:

- Loader.Null - the loader is inactive or no QML source has been set
- Loader.Ready - the QML source has been loaded
- Loader.Loading - the QML source is currently being loaded
- Loader.Error - an error occurred while loading the QML source

Use this status to provide an update or respond to the status change in some way. For example, you could:

- Trigger a state change:

        State { name: 'loaded'; when: loader.status == Loader.Ready }

- Implement an `onStatusChanged` signal handler:

        Loader {
            id: loader
            onStatusChanged: if (loader.status == Loader.Ready) console.log('Loaded')
        }

- Bind to the status value:

        Text { text: loader.status == Loader.Ready ? 'Loaded' : 'Not loaded' }

Note that if the source is a local file, the status will initially be Ready (or Error). While there will be no onStatusChanged signal in that case, the onLoaded will still be invoked.

See also progress.

## Signal Documentation

loaded()

This signal is emitted when the status becomes `Loader.Ready`, or on successful initial load.

The corresponding handler is `onLoaded`.

## Method Documentation

object setSource(source, object properties)

Creates an object instance of the given source component that will have the given properties. The properties argument is optional. The instance will be accessible via the item property once loading and instantiation is complete.

If the active property is `false` at the time when this function is called, the given source component will not be loaded but the source and initial properties will be cached. When the loader is made active, an instance of the source component will be created with the initial properties set.

Setting the initial property values of an instance of a component in this manner will not trigger any associated Behaviors.

Note that the cached properties will be cleared if the source or sourceComponent is changed after calling this function but prior to setting the loader active.

Example:

      // ExampleComponent.qml
      import QtQuick 2.0
      Rectangle {
          id: rect
          color: "red"
          width: 10
          height: 10

          Behavior on color {
              NumberAnimation {
                  target: rect
                  property: "width"
                  to: (rect.width + 20)
                  duration: 0
              }
          }
      }

      // example.qml
      import QtQuick 2.0
      Item {
          Loader {
              id: squareLoader
              onLoaded: console.log(squareLoader.item.width);
              // prints [10], not [30]
          }

          Component.onCompleted: {
              squareLoader.setSource("ExampleComponent.qml",
                                   { "color": "blue" });
              // will trigger the onLoaded code when complete.
          }
      }

See also source and active.