import datetime
import pickle
import warnings
from typing import Final
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError

import pytest

import numpy
import numpy as np
from numpy.testing import (
    IS_WASM,
    assert_,
    assert_array_equal,
    assert_equal,
    assert_raises,
    assert_raises_regex,
)

try:
    RecursionError
except NameError:
    RecursionError = RuntimeError  # python < 3.5

try:
    ZoneInfo("US/Central")
    _has_tz = True
except ZoneInfoNotFoundError:
    _has_tz = False

def _assert_equal_hash(v1, v2):
    assert v1 == v2
    assert hash(v1) == hash(v2)
    assert v2 in {v1}


class TestDateTime:
    generic_unit_deprecation_message: Final[str] = (
        "The 'generic' unit for NumPy timedelta is deprecated"
    )

    def test_string(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00+01')

    def test_datetime(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            t0 = np.datetime64('2023-06-09T12:18:40Z', 'ns')

        t0 = np.datetime64('2023-06-09T12:18:40', 'ns')

    def test_datetime_dtype_creation(self):
        for unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D',
                     'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us',
                     'μs',  # alias for us
                     'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as']:
            dt1 = np.dtype(f'M8[750{unit}]')
            assert_(dt1 == np.dtype(f'datetime64[750{unit}]'))
            dt2 = np.dtype(f'm8[{unit}]')
            assert_(dt2 == np.dtype(f'timedelta64[{unit}]'))

        # Generic units shouldn't add [] to the end
        assert_equal(str(np.dtype("M8")), "datetime64")

        # Should be possible to specify the endianness
        assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8"), np.dtype("M8"))
        assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8[s]"), np.dtype("M8[s]"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">M8") == np.dtype("M8") or
                np.dtype("<M8") == np.dtype("M8"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">M8[D]") == np.dtype("M8[D]") or
                np.dtype("<M8[D]") == np.dtype("M8[D]"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">M8") != np.dtype("<M8"))

        assert_equal(np.dtype("=m8"), np.dtype("m8"))
        assert_equal(np.dtype("=m8[s]"), np.dtype("m8[s]"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">m8") == np.dtype("m8") or
                np.dtype("<m8") == np.dtype("m8"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">m8[D]") == np.dtype("m8[D]") or
                np.dtype("<m8[D]") == np.dtype("m8[D]"))
        assert_(np.dtype(">m8") != np.dtype("<m8"))

        # Check that the parser rejects bad datetime types
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M8[badunit]')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm8[badunit]')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M8[YY]')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm8[YY]')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm4')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M7')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm7')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M16')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm16')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M8[3000000000ps]')

    def test_datetime_casting_rules(self):
        # Cannot cast safely/same_kind between timedelta and datetime
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8', 'M8', casting='safe'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8', 'm8', casting='safe'))

        # Can cast safely/same_kind from integer to timedelta
        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'm8', casting='safe'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'm8', casting='safe'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'm8', casting='safe'))

        # Cannot cast safely from unsigned integer of the same size, which
        # could overflow
        assert_(np.can_cast('u8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('u8', 'm8', casting='safe'))

        # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from float to timedelta
        assert_(not np.can_cast('f4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('f4', 'm8', casting='safe'))

        # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from integer to datetime
        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'M8', casting='safe'))

        # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from bool to datetime
        assert_(not np.can_cast('b1', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('b1', 'M8', casting='safe'))
        # Can cast safely/same_kind from bool to timedelta
        assert_(np.can_cast('b1', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('b1', 'm8', casting='safe'))

        # Can cast datetime safely from months/years to days
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[M]', 'M8[D]', casting='safe'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[Y]', 'M8[D]', casting='safe'))
        # Cannot cast timedelta safely from months/years to days
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[M]', 'm8[D]', casting='safe'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[Y]', 'm8[D]', casting='safe'))
        # Can cast datetime same_kind from months/years to days
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[M]', 'M8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[Y]', 'M8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
        # Can't cast timedelta same_kind from months/years to days
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[M]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[Y]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
        # Can cast datetime same_kind across the date/time boundary
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[D]', 'M8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
        # Can cast timedelta same_kind across the date/time boundary
        assert_(np.can_cast('m8[D]', 'm8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))

        # Cannot cast safely if the integer multiplier doesn't divide
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[7h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='safe'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[3h]', 'M8[6h]', casting='safe'))
        # But can cast same_kind
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[7h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='same_kind'))
        # Can cast safely if the integer multiplier does divide
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8[6h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='safe'))

        # We can always cast types with generic units (corresponding to NaT) to
        # more specific types
        assert_(np.can_cast('m8', 'm8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('m8', 'm8[h]', casting='safe'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8', 'M8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(np.can_cast('M8', 'M8[h]', casting='safe'))
        # but not the other way around
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8', casting='safe'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[h]', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
        assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[h]', 'M8', casting='safe'))

    def test_datetime_prefix_conversions(self):
        # regression tests related to gh-19631;
        # test metric prefixes from seconds down to
        # attoseconds for bidirectional conversions
        smaller_units = ['M8[7000ms]',
                         'M8[2000us]',
                         'M8[1000ns]',
                         'M8[5000ns]',
                         'M8[2000ps]',
                         'M8[9000fs]',
                         'M8[1000as]',
                         'M8[2000000ps]',
                         'M8[1000000as]',
                         'M8[2000000000ps]',
                         'M8[1000000000as]']
        larger_units = ['M8[7s]',
                        'M8[2ms]',
                        'M8[us]',
                        'M8[5us]',
                        'M8[2ns]',
                        'M8[9ps]',
                        'M8[1fs]',
                        'M8[2us]',
                        'M8[1ps]',
                        'M8[2ms]',
                        'M8[1ns]']
        for larger_unit, smaller_unit in zip(larger_units, smaller_units):
            assert np.can_cast(larger_unit, smaller_unit, casting='safe')
            assert np.can_cast(smaller_unit, larger_unit, casting='safe')

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", [
        "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as"])
    def test_prohibit_negative_datetime(self, unit):
        with assert_raises(TypeError):
            np.array([1], dtype=f"M8[-1{unit}]")

    def test_compare_generic_nat(self):
        # regression tests for gh-6452
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_(
                np.datetime64("NaT") != np.datetime64("2000") + np.timedelta64("NaT")
            )
            assert_(np.datetime64("NaT") != np.datetime64("NaT", "us"))
            assert_(np.datetime64('NaT', 'us') != np.datetime64('NaT'))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [
        3, 21, 217, 1000])
    def test_datetime_nat_argsort_stability(self, size):
        # NaT < NaT should be False internally for
        # sort stability
        expected = np.arange(size)
        arr = np.tile(np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'), size)
        assert_equal(np.argsort(arr, kind='mergesort'), expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [
        3, 21, 217, 1000])
    def test_timedelta_nat_argsort_stability(self, size):
        # NaT < NaT should be False internally for
        # sort stability
        expected = np.arange(size)
        arr = np.tile(np.timedelta64('NaT', 's'), size)
        assert_equal(np.argsort(arr, kind='mergesort'), expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr, expected", [
        # the example provided in gh-12629
        (['NaT', 1, 2, 3],
         [1, 2, 3, 'NaT']),
        # multiple NaTs
        (['NaT', 9, 'NaT', -707],
         [-707, 9, 'NaT', 'NaT']),
        # this sort explores another code path for NaT
        ([1, -2, 3, 'NaT'],
         [-2, 1, 3, 'NaT']),
        # 2-D array
        ([[51, -220, 'NaT'],
          [-17, 'NaT', -90]],
         [[-220, 51, 'NaT'],
          [-90, -17, 'NaT']]),
        ])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [
        'M8[ns]', 'M8[us]',
        'm8[ns]', 'm8[us]'])
    def test_datetime_timedelta_sort_nat(self, arr, expected, dtype):
        # fix for gh-12629 and gh-15063; NaT sorting to end of array
        arr = np.array(arr, dtype=dtype)
        expected = np.array(expected, dtype=dtype)
        arr.sort()
        assert_equal(arr, expected)

    def test_datetime_scalar_construction(self):
        # Construct with different units
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1950-03-12', 'D'),
                     np.datetime64('1950-03-12'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1950-03-12T13', 's'),
                     np.datetime64('1950-03-12T13', 'm'))

        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message
        ):
            # Default construction means NaT
            assert_equal(np.datetime64(), np.datetime64('NaT'))

            # Some basic strings and repr
            assert_equal(str(np.datetime64('NaT')), 'NaT')
            assert_equal(repr(np.datetime64('NaT')),
                        "np.datetime64('NaT','generic')")

            # None gets constructed as NaT
            assert_equal(np.datetime64(None), np.datetime64('NaT'))

        assert_equal(str(np.datetime64('2011-02')), '2011-02')
        assert_equal(repr(np.datetime64('2011-02')),
                     "np.datetime64('2011-02')")
        assert_equal(repr(np.datetime64('NaT', 'D').astype(np.dtype("datetime64[ns]"))),
                     "np.datetime64('NaT','ns')")

        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message
        ):
            # Default construction of NaT is in generic units
            assert_equal(np.datetime64().dtype, np.dtype('M8'))

            assert_equal(np.datetime64('NaT').dtype, np.dtype('M8'))

        # Construction from integers requires a specified unit
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.datetime64, 17)

        # When constructing from a scalar or zero-dimensional array,
        # it either keeps the units or you can override them.
        a = np.datetime64('2000-03-18T16', 'h')
        b = np.array('2000-03-18T16', dtype='M8[h]')

        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))
        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a), a)
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a).dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b), a)
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, 's'), a)
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, 's').dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, 's'), a)
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, 's').dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))

        # Construction from datetime.date
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945-03-25'),
                     np.datetime64(datetime.date(1945, 3, 25)))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2045-03-25', 'D'),
                     np.datetime64(datetime.date(2045, 3, 25), 'D'))
        # Construction from datetime.datetime
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1980-01-25T14:36:22.5'),
                     np.datetime64(datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 25,
                                                14, 36, 22, 500000)))

        # Construction with time units from a date is okay
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13', 'h'),
                     np.datetime64('1920-03-13T00'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03', 'm'),
                     np.datetime64('1920-03-01T00:00'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920', 's'),
                     np.datetime64('1920-01-01T00:00:00'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(datetime.date(2045, 3, 25), 'ms'),
                     np.datetime64('2045-03-25T00:00:00.000'))

        # Construction with date units from a datetime is also okay
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18', 'D'),
                     np.datetime64('1920-03-13'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18:33:12', 'M'),
                     np.datetime64('1920-03'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18:33:12.5', 'Y'),
                     np.datetime64('1920'))

    def test_datetime_scalar_construction_timezone(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        # verify that supplying an explicit timezone works, but is deprecated
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00Z'),
                         np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00'))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00-08'),
                         np.datetime64('2000-01-01T08'))

    def test_datetime_array_find_type(self):
        dt = np.datetime64('1970-01-01', 'M')
        arr = np.array([dt])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[M]'))

        # at the moment, we don't automatically convert these to datetime64

        dt = datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)
        arr = np.array([dt])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))

        dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 30, 40)
        arr = np.array([dt])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))

        # find "supertype" for non-dates and dates

        b = np.bool(True)
        dm = np.datetime64('1970-01-01', 'M')
        d = datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)
        dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 30, 40)

        arr = np.array([b, dm])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))

        arr = np.array([b, d])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))

        arr = np.array([b, dt])
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))

        arr = np.array([d, d]).astype('datetime64')
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))

        arr = np.array([dt, dt]).astype('datetime64')
        assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[us]'))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", [
    # test all date / time units and use
    # "generic" to select generic unit
    ("Y"), ("M"), ("W"), ("D"), ("h"), ("m"),
    ("s"), ("ms"), ("us"), ("ns"), ("ps"),
    ("fs"), ("as"), ("generic")])
    def test_timedelta_np_int_construction(self, unit):
        # regression test for gh-7617
        if unit != "generic":
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(np.int64(123), unit),
                         np.timedelta64(123, unit))
        else:
            with pytest.warns(
                DeprecationWarning,
                match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message
            ):
                assert_equal(np.timedelta64(np.int64(123)), np.timedelta64(123))

    def test_timedelta_scalar_construction(self):
        # Construct with different units
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(7, 'D'),
                     np.timedelta64(1, 'W'))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(120, 's'),
                     np.timedelta64(2, 'm'))

        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            # Default construction means 0
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(), np.timedelta64(0))

        # None gets constructed as NaT
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(None, 's'), np.timedelta64('NaT', 's'))

        # Some basic strings and repr
        assert_equal(str(np.timedelta64('NaT', 'ns')), 'NaT')
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64("NaT")), "np.timedelta64('NaT')")
        assert_equal(str(np.timedelta64(3, 's')), '3 seconds')
        assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64(-3, 's')),
                     "np.timedelta64(-3,'s')")

        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64(12)),
                        "np.timedelta64(12)")

            # Construction from an integer produces generic units
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(12).dtype, np.dtype('m8'))

        # When constructing from a scalar or zero-dimensional array,
        # it either keeps the units or you can override them.
        a = np.timedelta64(2, 'h')
        b = np.array(2, dtype='m8[h]')

        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
        assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a), a)
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b), a)
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))

        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a, 's'), a)
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a, 's').dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))

        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b, 's'), a)
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b, 's').dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))

        # Construction from datetime.timedelta
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(5, 'D'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(days=5)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(102347621, 's'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(seconds=102347621)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(-10234760000, 'us'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(
                                            microseconds=-10234760000)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(10234760000, 'us'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(
                                            microseconds=10234760000)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1023476, 'ms'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1023476)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(10, 'm'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(minutes=10)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(281, 'h'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(hours=281)))
        assert_equal(np.timedelta64(28, 'W'),
                     np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(weeks=28)))

        # Cannot construct across nonlinear time unit boundaries
        a = np.timedelta64(3, 's')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
        a = np.timedelta64(6, 'M')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'D')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'h')
        a = np.timedelta64(1, 'Y')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'D')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'm')
        a = datetime.timedelta(seconds=3)
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
        a = datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
        a = datetime.timedelta()
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')

    def test_timedelta_object_array_conversion(self):
        # Regression test for gh-11096
        inputs = [datetime.timedelta(28),
                  datetime.timedelta(30),
                  datetime.timedelta(31)]
        expected = np.array([28, 30, 31], dtype='timedelta64[D]')
        actual = np.array(inputs, dtype='timedelta64[D]')
        assert_equal(expected, actual)

    def test_timedelta_0_dim_object_array_conversion(self):
        # Regression test for gh-11151
        test = np.array(datetime.timedelta(seconds=20))
        actual = test.astype(np.timedelta64)
        # expected value from the array constructor workaround
        # described in above issue
        expected = np.array(datetime.timedelta(seconds=20),
                            np.timedelta64)
        assert_equal(actual, expected)

    def test_timedelta_nat_format(self):
        # gh-17552
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_equal('NaT', f'{np.timedelta64("nat")}')

    def test_timedelta_scalar_construction_units(self):
        # String construction detecting units
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[Y]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[D]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[h]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[m]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[s]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.1').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.12').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.123').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ms]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.1234').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.12345').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.123456').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[us]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ns]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ns]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ns]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ps]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ps]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[ps]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                     '1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890123').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[fs]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                     '1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901234').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[fs]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                     '1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012345').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[fs]'))

        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                    '1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890123456').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[as]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                    '1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901234567').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[as]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                    '1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012345678').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[as]'))

        # Python date object
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(datetime.date(2010, 4, 16)).dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[D]'))

        # Python datetime object
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                        datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 16, 13, 45, 18)).dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[us]'))

        # 'today' special value
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('today').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[D]'))

        # 'now' special value
        assert_equal(np.datetime64('now').dtype,
                     np.dtype('M8[s]'))

    def test_datetime_nat_casting(self):
        a = np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[D]')
        b = np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]')

        # Arrays
        assert_equal(a.astype('M8[s]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[s]'))
        assert_equal(a.astype('M8[ms]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[ms]'))
        assert_equal(a.astype('M8[M]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(a.astype('M8[Y]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[Y]'))
        assert_equal(a.astype('M8[W]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[W]'))

        # Scalars -> Scalars
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))

        # Arrays -> Scalars
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
        assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))

        # NaN -> NaT
        nan = np.array([np.nan] * 8 + [0])
        fnan = nan.astype('f')
        lnan = nan.astype('g')
        cnan = nan.astype('D')
        cfnan = nan.astype('F')
        clnan = nan.astype('G')
        hnan = nan.astype(np.half)

        nat = np.array([np.datetime64('NaT', 's')] * 8 + [np.datetime64(0, 'D')])
        assert_equal(nan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(fnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(lnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(cnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(cfnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(clnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(hnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)

        nat = np.array([np.timedelta64('NaT', 'D')] * 8 + [np.timedelta64(0, 's')])
        assert_equal(nan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(fnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(lnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(cnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(cfnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(clnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
        assert_equal(hnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)

    def test_days_creation(self):
        assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1600 - 1970) * 365 - (1972 - 1600) / 4 + 3 - 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1600 - 1970) * 365 - (1972 - 1600) / 4 + 3)
        assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1600 - 1970) * 365 - (1972 - 1600) / 4 + 3 + 366)
        assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1900 - 1970) * 365 - (1970 - 1900) // 4)
        assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1900 - 1970) * 365 - (1970 - 1900) // 4 + 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1967', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -3 * 365 - 1)
        assert_equal(np.array('1968', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -2 * 365 - 1)
        assert_equal(np.array('1969', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -1 * 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1970', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 0 * 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1971', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 1 * 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1972', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 2 * 365)
        assert_equal(np.array('1973', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 3 * 365 + 1)
        assert_equal(np.array('1974', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 4 * 365 + 1)
        assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2000 - 1970) * 365 + (2000 - 1972) // 4)
        assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2000 - 1970) * 365 + (2000 - 1972) // 4 + 366)
        assert_equal(np.array('2400', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2400 - 1970) * 365 + (2400 - 1972) // 4 - 3)
        assert_equal(np.array('2401', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2400 - 1970) * 365 + (2400 - 1972) // 4 - 3 + 366)

        assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1600 - 1970) * 365 - (1972 - 1600) // 4 + 3 + 31 + 28)
        assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                (1600 - 1970) * 365 - (1972 - 1600) // 4 + 3 + 31 + 29)
        assert_equal(np.array('2000-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2000 - 1970) * 365 + (2000 - 1972) // 4 + 31 + 28)
        assert_equal(np.array('2000-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2000 - 1970) * 365 + (2000 - 1972) // 4 + 31 + 29)
        assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                 (2000 - 1970) * 365 + (2000 - 1972) // 4 + 366 + 31 + 28 + 21)

    def test_days_to_pydate(self):
        assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1599, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1600, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1601, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1900, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1901, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(2000, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(2001, 1, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1600, 2, 29))
        assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(1600, 3, 1))
        assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                    datetime.date(2001, 3, 22))

    def test_dtype_comparison(self):
        assert_(not (np.dtype('M8[us]') == np.dtype('M8[ms]')))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[us]') != np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[2D]') != np.dtype('M8[D]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[D]') != np.dtype('M8[2D]'))

    def test_pydatetime_creation(self):
        a = np.array(['1960-03-12', datetime.date(1960, 3, 12)], dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
        a = np.array(['1999-12-31', datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)], dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
        a = np.array(['2000-01-01', datetime.date(2000, 1, 1)], dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
        # Will fail if the date changes during the exact right moment
        a = np.array(['today', datetime.date.today()], dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
        # datetime.datetime.now() returns local time, not UTC
        #a = np.array(['now', datetime.datetime.now()], dtype='M8[s]')
        #assert_equal(a[0], a[1])

        # we can give a datetime.date time units
        assert_equal(np.array(datetime.date(1960, 3, 12), dtype='M8[s]'),
                     np.array(np.datetime64('1960-03-12T00:00:00')))

    def test_datetime_string_conversion(self):
        a = ['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19']
        str_a = np.array(a, dtype='S')
        uni_a = np.array(a, dtype='U')
        dt_a = np.array(a, dtype='M')

        # String to datetime
        assert_equal(dt_a, str_a.astype('M'))
        assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, str_a.astype('M').dtype)
        dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
        dt_b[...] = str_a
        assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)

        # Datetime to string
        assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype('S0'))
        str_b = np.empty_like(str_a)
        str_b[...] = dt_a
        assert_equal(str_a, str_b)

        # Unicode to datetime
        assert_equal(dt_a, uni_a.astype('M'))
        assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, uni_a.astype('M').dtype)
        dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
        dt_b[...] = uni_a
        assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)

        # Datetime to unicode
        assert_equal(uni_a, dt_a.astype('U'))
        uni_b = np.empty_like(uni_a)
        uni_b[...] = dt_a
        assert_equal(uni_a, uni_b)

        # Datetime to long string - gh-9712
        assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype((np.bytes_, 128)))
        str_b = np.empty(str_a.shape, dtype=(np.bytes_, 128))
        str_b[...] = dt_a
        assert_equal(str_a, str_b)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_dtype", ["m8[D]", "M8[Y]"])
    def test_time_byteswapping(self, time_dtype):
        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=time_dtype)
        times_swapped = times.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(times, times_swapped)

        unswapped = times_swapped.view(np.dtype("int64").newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(unswapped, times.view(np.int64))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(["time1", "time2"],
            [("M8[s]", "M8[D]"), ("m8[s]", "m8[ns]")])
    def test_time_byteswapped_cast(self, time1, time2):
        dtype1 = np.dtype(time1)
        dtype2 = np.dtype(time2)
        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=dtype1)
        expected = times.astype(dtype2)

        # Test that every byte-swapping combination also returns the same
        # results (previous tests check that this comparison works fine).
        res = times.astype(dtype1.newbyteorder()).astype(dtype2)
        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
        res = times.astype(dtype2.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, expected)
        res = times.astype(dtype1.newbyteorder()).astype(dtype2.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_dtype", ["m8[D]", "M8[Y]"])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("str_dtype", ["U", "S"])
    def test_datetime_conversions_byteorders(self, str_dtype, time_dtype):
        times = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=time_dtype)
        # Unfortunately, timedelta does not roundtrip:
        from_strings = np.array(["2017", "NaT"], dtype=str_dtype)
        to_strings = times.astype(str_dtype)  # assume this is correct

        # Check that conversion from times to string works if src is swapped:
        times_swapped = times.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
        res = times_swapped.astype(str_dtype)
        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)
        # And also if both are swapped:
        res = times_swapped.astype(to_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)
        # only destination is swapped:
        res = times.astype(to_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, to_strings)

        # Check that conversion from string to times works if src is swapped:
        from_strings_swapped = from_strings.astype(
                from_strings.dtype.newbyteorder())
        res = from_strings_swapped.astype(time_dtype)
        assert_array_equal(res, times)
        # And if both are swapped:
        res = from_strings_swapped.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, times)
        # Only destination is swapped:
        res = from_strings.astype(times.dtype.newbyteorder())
        assert_array_equal(res, times)

    def test_datetime_array_str(self):
        a = np.array(['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19'], dtype='M')
        assert_equal(str(a), "['2011-03-16' '1920-01-01' '2013-05-19']")

        a = np.array(['2011-03-16T13:55', '1920-01-01T03:12'], dtype='M')
        assert_equal(np.array2string(a, separator=', ',
                    formatter={'datetime': lambda x:
                            f"'{np.datetime_as_string(x, timezone='UTC')}'"}),
                     "['2011-03-16T13:55Z', '1920-01-01T03:12Z']")

        # Check that one NaT doesn't corrupt subsequent entries
        a = np.array(['2010', 'NaT', '2030']).astype('M')
        assert_equal(str(a), "['2010'  'NaT' '2030']")

    def test_timedelta_array_str(self):
        a = np.array([-1, 0, 100], dtype='m8[s]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "[ -1   0 100]")
        a = np.array(['NaT', 'NaT'], dtype='m8[ns]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "['NaT' 'NaT']")
        # Check right-alignment with NaTs
        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 0], dtype='m8[s]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "[   -1 'NaT'     0]")
        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='m8[ns]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")

        # Test with other byteorder:
        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='>m8[s]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
        a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='<m8[ns]')
        assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")

    def test_timedelta_array_with_nats(self):
        # Regression test for gh-29497.
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            x = np.array(
                [
                    np.timedelta64("nat"),
                    np.timedelta64("nat", "s"),
                    np.timedelta64("nat", "ms"),
                    np.timedelta64(123, "ms"),
                ]
            )
        for td in x[:3]:
            assert np.isnat(td)

    def test_timedelta_array_nat_assignment(self):
        # Regression test for gh-29497.
        x = np.zeros(3, dtype='m8[ms]')
        x[1] = np.timedelta64('nat', 's')
        assert np.isnat(x[1])

    def test_pickle(self):
        # Check that pickle roundtripping works
        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            dt = np.dtype('M8[7D]')
            assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(dt, protocol=proto)), dt)
            dt = np.dtype('M8[W]')
            assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(dt, protocol=proto)), dt)
            scalar = np.datetime64('2016-01-01T00:00:00.000000000')
            assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(scalar, protocol=proto)),
                         scalar)
            delta = scalar - np.datetime64('2015-01-01T00:00:00.000000000')
            assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(delta, protocol=proto)),
                         delta)

        # Check that loading pickles from 1.6 works
        pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n"\
            b"(I4\nS'<'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'D'\np6\n"\
            b"I7\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
        assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('<M8[7D]'))
        pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n"\
            b"(I4\nS'<'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'W'\np6\n"\
            b"I1\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
        assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('<M8[W]'))
        pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n"\
            b"(I4\nS'>'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'us'\np6\n"\
            b"I1\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
        assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('>M8[us]'))

    def test_gh_29555(self):
        # check that dtype metadata round-trips when none
        dt = np.dtype('>M8[us]')
        assert dt.metadata is None
        for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
            res = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(dt, protocol=proto))
            assert_equal(res, dt)
            assert res.metadata is None

    def test_setstate(self):
        "Verify that datetime dtype __setstate__ can handle bad arguments"
        dt = np.dtype('>M8[us]')
        assert_raises(ValueError, dt.__setstate__,
                      (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, 1))
        assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])
        assert_raises(TypeError, dt.__setstate__,
                      (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, ({}, 'xxx')))
        assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])

    def test_dtype_promotion(self):
        # datetime <op> datetime computes the metadata gcd
        # timedelta <op> timedelta computes the metadata gcd
        for mM in ['m', 'M']:
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[2Y]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[2Y]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[2Y]'))
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[12Y]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[15Y]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[3Y]'))
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[62M]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[24M]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[2M]'))
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[1W]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[2D]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[1D]'))
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[W]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[13s]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[s]'))
            assert_equal(
                np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM + '8[13W]'), np.dtype(mM + '8[49s]')),
                np.dtype(mM + '8[7s]'))
        # timedelta <op> timedelta raises when there is no reasonable gcd
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
                            np.dtype('m8[Y]'), np.dtype('m8[D]'))
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
                            np.dtype('m8[M]'), np.dtype('m8[W]'))
        # timedelta and float cannot be safely cast with each other
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "float32", "m8")
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "float32")
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "uint64", "m8")
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "uint64")

        # timedelta <op> timedelta may overflow with big unit ranges
        assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
                            np.dtype('m8[W]'), np.dtype('m8[fs]'))
        assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
                            np.dtype('m8[s]'), np.dtype('m8[as]'))

    def test_cast_overflow(self):
        # gh-4486
        def cast():
            numpy.datetime64("1971-01-01 00:00:00.000000000000000").astype("<M8[D]")
        assert_raises(OverflowError, cast)

        def cast2():
            numpy.datetime64("2014").astype("<M8[fs]")
        assert_raises(OverflowError, cast2)

    def test_cast_overflow_safe_unit_conversion(self):
        # Overflow when converting datetime64 between linear units
        # (the fast-path cast), e.g. seconds -> nanoseconds.
        # INT64_MAX / 1e9 ≈ 9.2e9 seconds ≈ 292 years from epoch,
        # so dates beyond ~2262 overflow when cast to ns.

        # gh-16352: upconversion to finer units overflows
        arr = np.array(["2367-12-31 12:00:00"], dtype="datetime64[h]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr.astype("datetime64[ns]")

        # gh-16352: scalar case
        val = np.datetime64("3000-01-01", "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            val.astype("datetime64[ns]")

        # gh-22346: downconversion to coarser units overflows near INT64_MIN
        dt = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).min + 1, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            dt.astype("M8[m]")

        # negative overflow (far in the past)
        val_neg = np.datetime64("0001-01-01", "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            val_neg.astype("datetime64[ns]")

        # timedelta overflow (strided cast path in dtype_transfer.c)
        td = np.timedelta64(2**62, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td.astype("timedelta64[ns]")

        # timedelta overflow (scalar cast path in datetime.c via
        # cast_timedelta_to_timedelta)
        td_big = np.timedelta64(2**62, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.array(td_big, dtype="timedelta64[ns]")

        # timedelta exact boundary: INT64_MAX // 1e9 = 9223372036
        td_ok = np.timedelta64(9223372036, "s")
        result_td = td_ok.astype("timedelta64[ns]")
        assert result_td == np.timedelta64(9223372036000000000, "ns")

        td_bad = np.timedelta64(9223372037, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td_bad.astype("timedelta64[ns]")

        # negative timedelta overflow
        td_neg = np.timedelta64(-9223372037, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td_neg.astype("timedelta64[ns]")

        # timedelta NaT passthrough
        td_nat = np.timedelta64("NaT", "s")
        result_td_nat = td_nat.astype("timedelta64[ns]")
        assert np.isnat(result_td_nat)

        # valid conversions near the boundary should still work
        val_ok = np.datetime64("2020-01-01", "s")
        result = val_ok.astype("datetime64[ns]")
        assert result == np.datetime64("2020-01-01", "ns")

        arr_ok = np.array(["2000-01-01", "2020-06-15"], dtype="datetime64[s]")
        result_arr = arr_ok.astype("datetime64[ns]")
        expected = np.array(["2000-01-01", "2020-06-15"], dtype="datetime64[ns]")
        assert_equal(result_arr, expected)

        # NaT should pass through without raising
        arr_nat = np.array(["NaT", "2020-01-01"], dtype="datetime64[s]")
        result_nat = arr_nat.astype("datetime64[ns]")
        assert np.isnat(result_nat[0])
        assert result_nat[1] == np.datetime64("2020-01-01", "ns")

        # Exact boundary: INT64_MAX // 1e9 = 9223372036 seconds is OK,
        # 9223372037 seconds overflows when cast to ns.
        ok_boundary = np.datetime64(9223372036, "s")
        result_boundary = ok_boundary.astype("datetime64[ns]")
        assert result_boundary == np.datetime64(9223372036, "s")

        bad_boundary = np.datetime64(9223372037, "s")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            bad_boundary.astype("datetime64[ns]")

        # Exercise the num != 1 code path (e.g. "2s" metadata)
        arr_2s = np.array([3], dtype="datetime64[2s]")
        result_2s = arr_2s.astype("datetime64[s]")
        assert result_2s[0] == np.datetime64(6, "s")

        # Overflow with num != 1
        arr_2s_big = np.array([np.iinfo(np.int64).max // 2], dtype="datetime64[2s]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_2s_big.astype("datetime64[ns]")

    def test_arithmetic_overflow_raises_add_sub(self):
        # Add/sub on datetime64/timedelta64 must raise OverflowError instead
        # of silently wrapping past INT64 range.  Covers all six loops:
        # Mm_M_add, mM_M_add, mm_m_add, Mm_M_subtract, MM_m_subtract,
        # mm_m_subtract.  Each loop is exercised both via the scalar fast
        # path and via the strided ufunc loop.
        big = np.iinfo(np.int64).max
        dt_pos = np.datetime64(big - 1, "s")
        dt_neg = np.datetime64(-big + 1, "s")
        td_pos = np.timedelta64(2, "s")
        td_big = np.timedelta64(big - 1, "s")
        td_neg = np.timedelta64(-big + 1, "s")

        # datetime64 + timedelta64 (both operand orders)
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            dt_pos + td_pos
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td_pos + dt_pos

        # datetime64 - timedelta64
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            dt_neg - td_pos

        # datetime64 - datetime64 (result is timedelta64)
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.datetime64(big, "s") - dt_neg

        # timedelta64 + timedelta64
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td_big + td_pos

        # timedelta64 - timedelta64
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td_neg - td_pos

        # Overflow that does *not* wrap onto NPY_DATETIME_NAT -- isolates
        # the safe_add bounds check from the result == NaT short-circuit.
        # big + 2 wraps to INT64_MIN + 1, a valid timedelta value.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(big, "s") + np.timedelta64(2, "s")
        # Negative-side branch of safe_add: a < 0 && b < INT64_MIN - a.
        # -big + -2 wraps to INT64_MAX - 1, also non-NaT.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(-big, "s") + np.timedelta64(-2, "s")

        # Array path -- one case per loop so the strided ufunc kernel is
        # exercised for every signature, not only mm_m_add/subtract.
        arr_td = np.array([0, big - 1, -big + 1], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
        # TIMEDELTA_mm_m_add, TIMEDELTA_mm_m_subtract
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_td + td_pos
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_td - td_pos
        # DATETIME_Mm_M_add (datetime + timedelta)
        arr_dt = np.array([0, big - 1], dtype="datetime64[s]")
        arr_td_add = np.array([0, 2], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_dt + arr_td_add
        # DATETIME_mM_M_add (timedelta + datetime, swapped operand order)
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_td_add + arr_dt
        # DATETIME_Mm_M_subtract (datetime - timedelta)
        arr_dt_neg = np.array([0, -big + 1], dtype="datetime64[s]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_dt_neg - arr_td_add
        # DATETIME_MM_m_subtract (datetime - datetime, result timedelta)
        arr_dt_big = np.array([0, big], dtype="datetime64[s]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr_dt_big - arr_dt_neg

    def test_arithmetic_overflow_raises_multiply(self):
        # Integer multiplication of timedelta64 must raise OverflowError on
        # signed-integer overflow.  Covers TIMEDELTA_mq_m_multiply and
        # TIMEDELTA_qm_m_multiply.
        big = np.iinfo(np.int64).max
        int64_min = np.iinfo(np.int64).min
        td = np.timedelta64(big // 2 + 1, "s")

        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            td * np.int64(2)
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.int64(2) * td

        # Overflow that does *not* wrap onto NPY_DATETIME_NAT -- isolates
        # the safe_mul bounds check from the result == NaT short-circuit.
        # big * 2 wraps to -2, a valid (non-NaT) timedelta.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(big, "s") * np.int64(2)
        # Negative multiplier branch of safe_mul.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(big, "s") * np.int64(-2)
        # INT64_MIN multiplier exercises the b < 0 sub-branch and is
        # itself the NaT sentinel; the bounds check must catch it before
        # the multiply produces a UB-tainted value.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(2, "s") * np.int64(int64_min)

        # Array path -- one case per loop signature.
        arr = np.array([1, big // 2 + 1], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
        # TIMEDELTA_mq_m_multiply (timedelta * int64)
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr * np.int64(2)
        # TIMEDELTA_qm_m_multiply (int64 * timedelta), reversed operand
        # order to select the qm signature.
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.int64(2) * arr

    def test_arithmetic_result_equals_nat_raises(self):
        # NPY_DATETIME_NAT == INT64_MIN.  An arithmetic result that lands
        # exactly on INT64_MIN would be silently misinterpreted as NaT, so
        # it must raise instead.
        big = np.iinfo(np.int64).max

        # add: (-big) + (-1) == INT64_MIN
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(-big, "s") + np.timedelta64(-1, "s")
        # sub: (-big) - 1 == INT64_MIN
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(-big, "s") - np.timedelta64(1, "s")
        # mul: (-2**62) * 2 == INT64_MIN
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            np.timedelta64(-(1 << 62), "s") * np.int64(2)

        # Same check via the strided ufunc loop -- the second element
        # (-big + -1) == INT64_MIN.
        arr = np.array([0, -big], dtype="timedelta64[s]")
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError, match="Overflow"):
            arr + np.timedelta64(-1, "s")

    def test_arithmetic_nat_propagation(self):
        # NaT inputs must pass through every datetime/timedelta arithmetic
        # ufunc without raising, even now that overflow checking is on.
        dt = np.datetime64(0, "s")
        td = np.timedelta64(2, "s")
        nat_dt = np.datetime64("NaT", "s")
        nat_td = np.timedelta64("NaT", "s")
        big = np.iinfo(np.int64).max

        # add/sub
        assert np.isnat(nat_dt + td)
        assert np.isnat(td + nat_dt)
        assert np.isnat(dt + nat_td)
        assert np.isnat(nat_dt - td)
        assert np.isnat(nat_dt - dt)
        assert np.isnat(nat_td + td)
        assert np.isnat(nat_td - td)

        # multiply
        assert np.isnat(nat_td * np.int64(5))
        assert np.isnat(np.int64(5) * nat_td)

        # Regression guard: the NaT short-circuit must run before the
        # overflow check, so a NaT operand combined with a value that
        # would otherwise overflow still yields NaT instead of raising.
        assert np.isnat(nat_dt + np.timedelta64(big, "s"))
        assert np.isnat(np.timedelta64(big, "s") + nat_td)
        assert np.isnat(nat_td * np.int64(big))

    def test_arithmetic_valid_boundary(self):
        # Regression guard: overflow checks must not be too aggressive --
        # values that just barely fit must continue to work.
        big = np.iinfo(np.int64).max

        ok_dt = np.datetime64(big - 1, "s") + np.timedelta64(1, "s")
        assert ok_dt == np.datetime64(big, "s")
        ok_td = np.timedelta64(big - 1, "s") + np.timedelta64(1, "s")
        assert ok_td == np.timedelta64(big, "s")

        small = np.timedelta64(3, "s")
        assert small * np.int64(7) == np.timedelta64(21, "s")
        assert np.int64(7) * small == np.timedelta64(21, "s")

    def test_pyobject_roundtrip(self):
        # All datetime types should be able to roundtrip through object
        a = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                      -1020040340, -2942398, -1, 0, 1, 234523453, 1199164176],
                                                        dtype=np.int64)
        # With date units
        for unit in ['M8[D]', 'M8[W]', 'M8[M]', 'M8[Y]']:
            b = a.copy().view(dtype=unit)
            b[0] = '-0001-01-01'
            b[1] = '-0001-12-31'
            b[2] = '0000-01-01'
            b[3] = '0001-01-01'
            b[4] = '1969-12-31'
            b[5] = '1970-01-01'
            b[6] = '9999-12-31'
            b[7] = '10000-01-01'
            b[8] = 'NaT'

            assert_equal(b.astype(object).astype(unit), b,
                            f"Error roundtripping unit {unit}")
        # With time units
        for unit in ['M8[as]', 'M8[16fs]', 'M8[ps]', 'M8[us]',
                     'M8[300as]', 'M8[20us]']:
            b = a.copy().view(dtype=unit)
            b[0] = '-0001-01-01T00'
            b[1] = '-0001-12-31T00'
            b[2] = '0000-01-01T00'
            b[3] = '0001-01-01T00'
            b[4] = '1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999'
            b[5] = '1970-01-01T00'
            b[6] = '9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999'
            b[7] = '10000-01-01T00'
            b[8] = 'NaT'

            assert_equal(b.astype(object).astype(unit), b,
                            f"Error roundtripping unit {unit}")

    def test_month_truncation(self):
        # Make sure that months are truncating correctly
        assert_equal(np.array('1945-03-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
                     np.array('1945-03-31', dtype='M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.array('1969-11-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
             np.array('1969-11-30T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.array('1969-12-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
             np.array('1969-12-31T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.array('1970-01-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
             np.array('1970-01-31T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
        assert_equal(np.array('1980-02-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
             np.array('1980-02-29T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))

    def test_different_unit_comparison(self):
        # Check some years with date units
        for unit1 in ['Y', 'M', 'D']:
            dt1 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit1}]')
            for unit2 in ['Y', 'M', 'D']:
                dt2 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit2}]')
                assert_equal(np.array('1945', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('1945', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('1970', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('1970', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('9999', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('9999', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('10000', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('10000-01-01', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('1945', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('1970', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('9999', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('9999', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('10000', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('10000-01-01', unit2))
        # Check some datetimes with time units
        for unit1 in ['6h', 'h', 'm', 's', '10ms', 'ms', 'us']:
            dt1 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit1}]')
            for unit2 in ['h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us']:
                dt2 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit2}]')
                assert_equal(np.array('1945-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('1945-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('1970-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('1970-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('9999-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('9999-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.array('10000-01-01T00', dtype=dt1),
                             np.array('10000-01-01T00', dtype=dt2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945-03-12T18', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('1945-03-12T18', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-03-12T18', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('1970-03-12T18', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('9999-03-12T18', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('9999-03-12T18', unit2))
                assert_equal(np.datetime64('10000-01-01T00', unit1),
                             np.datetime64('10000-01-01T00', unit2))
        # Check some days with units that won't overflow
        for unit1 in ['D', '12h', 'h', 'm', 's', '4s', 'ms', 'us']:
            dt1 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit1}]')
            for unit2 in ['D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us']:
                dt2 = np.dtype(f'M8[{unit2}]')
                assert_(np.equal(np.array('1932-02-17', dtype='M').astype(dt1),
                     np.array('1932-02-17T00:00:00', dtype='M').astype(dt2),
                     casting='unsafe'))
                assert_(np.equal(np.array('10000-04-27', dtype='M').astype(dt1),
                     np.array('10000-04-27T00:00:00', dtype='M').astype(dt2),
                     casting='unsafe'))

        # Shouldn't be able to compare datetime and timedelta
        a = np.array('2012-12-21', dtype='M8[D]')
        b = np.array(3, dtype='m8[D]')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.less, a, b)
        # not even if "unsafe"
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.less, a, b, casting='unsafe')

    def test_datetime_like(self):
        a = np.array([3], dtype='m8[4D]')
        b = np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]')

        assert_equal(np.ones_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
        assert_equal(np.zeros_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
        assert_equal(np.empty_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
        assert_equal(np.ones_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)
        assert_equal(np.zeros_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)
        assert_equal(np.empty_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)

    def test_timedelta64_unary(self):
        for tda, tdb, tdzero in \
                [
                 # One-dimensional arrays
                 (np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                  np.array([-3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                  np.array([0], dtype='m8[D]')),
                 # NumPy scalars
                 (np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                  np.timedelta64(-3, '[D]'),
                  np.timedelta64(0, '[D]')),
                ]:
            # negative ufunc
            assert_equal(-tdb, tda)
            assert_equal((-tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)
            assert_equal(np.negative(tdb), tda)
            assert_equal(np.negative(tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)

            # positive ufunc
            assert_equal(np.positive(tda), tda)
            assert_equal(np.positive(tda).dtype, tda.dtype)
            assert_equal(np.positive(tdb), tdb)
            assert_equal(np.positive(tdb).dtype, tdb.dtype)

            # absolute ufunc
            assert_equal(np.absolute(tdb), tda)
            assert_equal(np.absolute(tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)

            # sign ufunc
            assert_equal(np.sign(tda), np.ones_like(tda, dtype=np.float64),
                         strict=True)
            assert_equal(np.sign(tdb), -np.ones_like(tdb, dtype=np.float64),
                         strict=True)
            assert_equal(np.sign(tdzero), np.zeros_like(tdzero, dtype=np.float64),
                         strict=True)

    def test_timedelta64_sign_nat(self):
        x = np.array([np.timedelta64(-123, 's'),
                      np.timedelta64(0, 's'),
                      np.timedelta64(88, 's'),
                      np.timedelta64('NaT', 's')])
        s = np.sign(x)
        assert_equal(s, np.array([-1.0, 0.0, 1.0, np.nan]), strict=True)

    def test_timedelta64_sign_nat_scalar(self):
        nat = np.timedelta64('nat', 'm')
        assert_equal(np.sign(nat), np.nan)

    def test_datetime_add(self):
        for dta, dtb, dtc, dtnat, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                    [
                     # One-dimensional arrays
                     (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array(['2012-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array(['2012-12-21T11'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                      np.array(['NaT'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                      np.array([11], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([3 * 24 + 11], dtype='m8[h]')),
                     # NumPy scalars
                     (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                      np.datetime64('2012-12-24', '[D]'),
                      np.datetime64('2012-12-21T11', '[h]'),
                      np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(11, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(3 * 24 + 11, '[h]'))]:
            # m8 + m8
            assert_equal(tda + tdb, tdc)
            assert_equal((tda + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))

            with pytest.warns(
                DeprecationWarning,
                match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
            ):
                # m8 + bool
                assert_equal(tdb + True, tdb + 1)
                assert_equal((tdb + True).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # m8 + int
                assert_equal(tdb + 3 * 24, tdc)
                assert_equal((tdb + 3 * 24).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # bool + m8
                assert_equal(False + tdb, tdb)
                assert_equal((False + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # int + m8
                assert_equal(3 * 24 + tdb, tdc)
                assert_equal((3 * 24 + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # M8 + bool
                assert_equal(dta + True, dta + 1)
                assert_equal(dtnat + True, dtnat)
                assert_equal((dta + True).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
                # M8 + int
                assert_equal(dta + 3, dtb)
                assert_equal(dtnat + 3, dtnat)
                assert_equal((dta + 3).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
                # bool + M8
                assert_equal(False + dta, dta)
                assert_equal(False + dtnat, dtnat)
                assert_equal((False + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
                # int + M8
                assert_equal(3 + dta, dtb)
                assert_equal(3 + dtnat, dtnat)
                assert_equal((3 + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
            # M8 + m8
            assert_equal(dta + tda, dtb)
            assert_equal(dtnat + tda, dtnat)
            assert_equal((dta + tda).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
            # m8 + M8
            assert_equal(tda + dta, dtb)
            assert_equal(tda + dtnat, dtnat)
            assert_equal((tda + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))

            # In M8 + m8, the result goes to higher precision
            assert_equal(np.add(dta, tdb, casting='unsafe'), dtc)
            assert_equal(np.add(dta, tdb, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                         np.dtype('M8[h]'))
            assert_equal(np.add(tdb, dta, casting='unsafe'), dtc)
            assert_equal(np.add(tdb, dta, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                         np.dtype('M8[h]'))

            # M8 + M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, dta, dtb)

    def test_datetime_subtract(self):
        for dta, dtb, dtc, dtd, dte, dtnat, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                    [
                     # One-dimensional arrays
                     (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array(['2012-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array(['1940-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array(['1940-12-24T00'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                      np.array(['1940-12-23T13'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                      np.array(['NaT'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                      np.array([11], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([3 * 24 - 11], dtype='m8[h]')),
                     # NumPy scalars
                     (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                      np.datetime64('2012-12-24', '[D]'),
                      np.datetime64('1940-12-24', '[D]'),
                      np.datetime64('1940-12-24T00', '[h]'),
                      np.datetime64('1940-12-23T13', '[h]'),
                      np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(11, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(3 * 24 - 11, '[h]'))]:
            # m8 - m8
            assert_equal(tda - tdb, tdc)
            assert_equal((tda - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            assert_equal(tdb - tda, -tdc)
            assert_equal((tdb - tda).dtype, np.dtype("m8[h]"))
            with pytest.warns(
                DeprecationWarning,
                match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
            ):
                # m8 - bool
                assert_equal(tdc - True, tdc - 1)
                assert_equal((tdc - True).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # m8 - int
                assert_equal(tdc - 3 * 24, -tdb)
                assert_equal((tdc - 3 * 24).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # int - m8
                assert_equal(False - tdb, -tdb)
                assert_equal((False - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # int - m8
                assert_equal(3 * 24 - tdb, tdc)
                assert_equal((3 * 24 - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
                # M8 - bool
                assert_equal(dtb - True, dtb - 1)
                assert_equal(dtnat - True, dtnat)
                assert_equal((dtb - True).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
                # M8 - int
                assert_equal(dtb - 3, dta)
                assert_equal(dtnat - 3, dtnat)
                assert_equal((dtb - 3).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
            # M8 - m8
            assert_equal(dtb - tda, dta)
            assert_equal(dtnat - tda, dtnat)
            assert_equal((dtb - tda).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))

            # In M8 - m8, the result goes to higher precision
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, tdb, casting='unsafe'), dte)
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, tdb, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                         np.dtype('M8[h]'))

            # M8 - M8 with different goes to higher precision
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, dtd, casting='unsafe'),
                         np.timedelta64(0, 'h'))
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, dtd, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                         np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtd, dtc, casting='unsafe'),
                         np.timedelta64(0, 'h'))
            assert_equal(np.subtract(dtd, dtc, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                         np.dtype('m8[h]'))

            # m8 - M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, tda, dta)
            # bool - M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, False, dta)
            # int - M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, 3, dta)

    def test_datetime_multiply(self):
        for dta, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                    [
                     # One-dimensional arrays
                     (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array([6], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([9], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([12], dtype='m8[h]')),
                     # NumPy scalars
                     (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(6, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(9, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(12, '[h]'))]:
            # m8 * int
            assert_equal(tda * 2, tdc)
            assert_equal((tda * 2).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            # int * m8
            assert_equal(2 * tda, tdc)
            assert_equal((2 * tda).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            # m8 * float
            assert_equal(tda * 1.5, tdb)
            assert_equal((tda * 1.5).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            # float * m8
            assert_equal(1.5 * tda, tdb)
            assert_equal((1.5 * tda).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))

            # m8 * m8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, tda, tdb)
            # m8 * M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, tda)
            # M8 * m8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, tda, dta)
            # M8 * int
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, 2)
            # int * M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, 2, dta)
            # M8 * float
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, 1.5)
            # float * M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, 1.5, dta)

        # NaTs
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.filterwarnings(
                'ignore', "invalid value encountered in multiply", RuntimeWarning)
            nat = np.timedelta64('NaT', 's')

            def check(a, b, res):
                assert_equal(a * b, res)
                assert_equal(b * a, res)
            for tp in (int, float):
                check(nat, tp(2), nat)
                check(nat, tp(0), nat)
            for f in (float('inf'), float('nan')):
                check(np.timedelta64(1, "s"), f, nat)
                check(np.timedelta64(0, "s"), f, nat)
                check(nat, f, nat)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2, exp", [
        # m8 same units round down
        (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(4, 's'),
         1),
        # m8 same units round down with negative
        (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-4, 's'),
         -2),
        # m8 same units negative no round down
        (np.timedelta64(8, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-4, 's'),
         -2),
        # m8 different units
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
         np.timedelta64(31, 's'),
         1),
        # Y // M works
        (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
         np.timedelta64('13', 'M'),
         1),
        # handle 1D arrays
        (np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='m8[s]'),
         np.array([2], dtype='m8[s]'),
         np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype=np.int64)),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_floor_divide(self, op1, op2, exp):
        assert_equal(op1 // op2, exp)

    def test_generic_timedelta_floor_divide(self):
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1890) // np.timedelta64(31), 60)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
        # div by 0
        (np.timedelta64(10, 'us'),
         np.timedelta64(0, 'us')),
        # div with NaT
        (np.timedelta64('NaT', 'us'),
         np.timedelta64(50, 'us')),
        # special case for int64 min
        # in integer floor division
        (np.timedelta64(np.iinfo(np.int64).min, "s"),
         np.timedelta64(-1, "s")),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_floor_div_warnings(self, op1, op2):
        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
            actual = op1 // op2
            assert_equal(actual, 0)
            assert_equal(actual.dtype, np.int64)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
        # the smallest integer that can't be represented
        # exactly in a double should be preserved if we avoid
        # casting to double in floordiv operation
        (9007199254740993, 1),
        # stress the alternate floordiv code path where
        # operand signs don't match and remainder isn't 0
        (9007199254740999, -2),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_floor_div_precision(self, val1, val2):
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            op1 = np.timedelta64(val1)
            op2 = np.timedelta64(val2)
            actual = op1 // op2
            # Python reference integer floor
            expected = val1 // val2
            assert_equal(actual, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
        # years and months sometimes can't be unambiguously
        # divided for floor division operation
        (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
         np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(7, 'M'),
         np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_floor_div_error(self, val1, val2):
        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, "common metadata divisor"):
            val1 // val2

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
        # reuse the test cases from floordiv
        (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(4, 's')),
        # m8 same units round down with negative
        (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-4, 's')),
        # m8 same units negative no round down
        (np.timedelta64(8, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-4, 's')),
        # m8 different units
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
         np.timedelta64(31, 's')),
        # Y // M works
        (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
         np.timedelta64('13', 'M')),
        # handle 1D arrays
        (np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='m8[ns]'),
         np.array([2], dtype='m8[ns]')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_divmod(self, op1, op2):
        expected = (op1 // op2, op1 % op2)
        assert_equal(divmod(op1, op2), expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
        # m8 generic units
        (1890, 31),
    ])
    def test_generic_timedelta_divmod(self, op1, op2):
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            op1 = np.timedelta64(op1)
            op2 = np.timedelta64(op2)
            expected = (op1 // op2, op1 % op2)
            assert_equal(divmod(op1, op2), expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
        # Y and M are incompatible with all units except Y and M
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'Y'), np.timedelta64(1, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'D'), np.timedelta64(1, 'M')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_divmod_typeerror(self, op1, op2):
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.divmod, op1, op2)

    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="does not work in wasm")
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
        # reuse cases from floordiv
        # div by 0
        (np.timedelta64(10, 'us'),
         np.timedelta64(0, 'us')),
        # div with NaT
        (np.timedelta64('NaT', 'us'),
         np.timedelta64(50, 'us')),
        # special case for int64 min
        # in integer floor division
        (np.timedelta64(np.iinfo(np.int64).min, 'ns'),
         np.timedelta64(-1, 'ns')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_divmod_warnings(self, op1, op2):
        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
            expected = (op1 // op2, op1 % op2)
        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
            actual = divmod(op1, op2)
        assert_equal(actual, expected)

    def test_datetime_divide(self):
        for dta, tda, tdb, tdc, tdd in \
                    [
                     # One-dimensional arrays
                     (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                      np.array([6], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([9], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([12], dtype='m8[h]'),
                      np.array([6], dtype='m8[m]')),
                     # NumPy scalars
                     (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                      np.timedelta64(6, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(9, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(12, '[h]'),
                      np.timedelta64(6, '[m]'))]:
            # m8 / int
            assert_equal(tdc / 2, tda)
            assert_equal((tdc / 2).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            # m8 / float
            assert_equal(tda / 0.5, tdc)
            assert_equal((tda / 0.5).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
            # m8 / m8
            assert_equal(tda / tdb, 6 / 9)
            assert_equal(np.divide(tda, tdb), 6 / 9)
            assert_equal(np.true_divide(tda, tdb), 6 / 9)
            assert_equal(tdb / tda, 9 / 6)
            assert_equal((tda / tdb).dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
            assert_equal(tda / tdd, 60)
            assert_equal(tdd / tda, 1 / 60)

            # int / m8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 2, tdb)
            # float / m8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 0.5, tdb)
            # m8 / M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, tda)
            # M8 / m8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, tda, dta)
            # M8 / int
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, 2)
            # int / M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 2, dta)
            # M8 / float
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, 1.5)
            # float / M8
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 1.5, dta)

        # NaTs
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.filterwarnings(
                'ignore', r".*encountered in divide", RuntimeWarning)
            warnings.filterwarnings(
                "ignore",
                self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
                DeprecationWarning,
            )
            nat = np.timedelta64('NaT', 's')
            for tp in (int, float):
                assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / tp(0), nat)
                assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / tp(0), nat)
                assert_equal(nat / tp(0), nat)
                assert_equal(nat / tp(2), nat)
            # Division by inf
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / float('inf'), np.timedelta64(0))
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / float('inf'), np.timedelta64(0))
            assert_equal(nat / float('inf'), nat)
            # Division by nan
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / float('nan'), nat)
            assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / float('nan'), nat)
            assert_equal(nat / float('nan'), nat)

    def test_datetime_compare(self):
        # Test all the comparison operators
        a = np.datetime64('2000-03-12T18:00:00.000000')
        b = np.array(['2000-03-12T18:00:00.000000',
                      '2000-03-12T17:59:59.999999',
                      '2000-03-12T18:00:00.000001',
                      '1970-01-11T12:00:00.909090',
                      '2016-01-11T12:00:00.909090'],
                      dtype='datetime64[us]')
        assert_equal(np.equal(a, b), [1, 0, 0, 0, 0])
        assert_equal(np.not_equal(a, b), [0, 1, 1, 1, 1])
        assert_equal(np.less(a, b), [0, 0, 1, 0, 1])
        assert_equal(np.less_equal(a, b), [1, 0, 1, 0, 1])
        assert_equal(np.greater(a, b), [0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
        assert_equal(np.greater_equal(a, b), [1, 1, 0, 1, 0])

    def test_datetime_compare_nat(self):
        dt_nat = np.datetime64('NaT', 'D')
        dt_other = np.datetime64('2000-01-01')
        td_nat = np.timedelta64('NaT', 'h')
        td_other = np.timedelta64(1, 'h')

        for op in [np.equal, np.less, np.less_equal,
                   np.greater, np.greater_equal]:
            assert_(not op(dt_nat, dt_nat))
            assert_(not op(dt_nat, dt_other))
            assert_(not op(dt_other, dt_nat))

            assert_(not op(td_nat, td_nat))
            assert_(not op(td_nat, td_other))
            assert_(not op(td_other, td_nat))

        assert_(np.not_equal(dt_nat, dt_nat))
        assert_(np.not_equal(dt_nat, dt_other))
        assert_(np.not_equal(dt_other, dt_nat))

        assert_(np.not_equal(td_nat, td_nat))
        assert_(np.not_equal(td_nat, td_other))
        assert_(np.not_equal(td_other, td_nat))

    def test_datetime_minmax(self):
        # The metadata of the result should become the GCD
        # of the operand metadata
        a = np.array('1999-03-12T13', dtype='M8[2m]')
        b = np.array('1999-03-12T12', dtype='M8[s]')
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b), b)
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b), b)
        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b), a)
        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b), a)
        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
        # Viewed as integers, the comparison is opposite because
        # of the units chosen
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a.view('i8'), b.view('i8')), a.view('i8'))

        # Interaction with NaT
        a = np.array('1999-03-12T13', dtype='M8[2m]')
        dtnat = np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[h]')
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, dtnat), dtnat)
        assert_equal(np.minimum(dtnat, a), dtnat)
        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, dtnat), dtnat)
        assert_equal(np.maximum(dtnat, a), dtnat)
        assert_equal(np.fmin(dtnat, a), a)
        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, dtnat), a)
        assert_equal(np.fmax(dtnat, a), a)
        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, dtnat), a)

        # Also do timedelta
        a = np.array(3, dtype='m8[h]')
        b = np.array(3 * 3600 - 3, dtype='m8[s]')
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b), b)
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b), b)
        assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b), a)
        assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b), a)
        assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        # Viewed as integers, the comparison is opposite because
        # of the units chosen
        assert_equal(np.minimum(a.view('i8'), b.view('i8')), a.view('i8'))

        # should raise between datetime and timedelta
        #
        # TODO: Allowing unsafe casting by
        #       default in ufuncs strikes again... :(
        a = np.array(3, dtype='m8[h]')
        b = np.array('1999-03-12T12', dtype='M8[s]')
        #assert_raises(TypeError, np.minimum, a, b)
        #assert_raises(TypeError, np.maximum, a, b)
        #assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmin, a, b)
        #assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmax, a, b)
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.minimum, a, b, casting='same_kind')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.maximum, a, b, casting='same_kind')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmin, a, b, casting='same_kind')
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmax, a, b, casting='same_kind')

    def test_hours(self):
        t = np.ones(3, dtype='M8[s]')
        t[0] = 60 * 60 * 24 + 60 * 60 * 10
        assert_(t[0].item().hour == 10)

    def test_divisor_conversion_year(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[Y/4]') == np.dtype('M8[3M]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[Y/13]') == np.dtype('M8[4W]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[3Y/73]') == np.dtype('M8[15D]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_month(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[M/2]') == np.dtype('M8[2W]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[M/15]') == np.dtype('M8[2D]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[3M/40]') == np.dtype('M8[54h]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_week(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[W/7]') == np.dtype('m8[D]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[3W/14]') == np.dtype('m8[36h]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[5W/140]') == np.dtype('m8[360m]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_day(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[D/12]') == np.dtype('M8[2h]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[D/120]') == np.dtype('M8[12m]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[3D/960]') == np.dtype('M8[270s]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_hour(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[h/30]') == np.dtype('m8[2m]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[3h/300]') == np.dtype('m8[36s]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_minute(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[m/30]') == np.dtype('m8[2s]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[3m/300]') == np.dtype('m8[600ms]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_second(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[s/100]') == np.dtype('m8[10ms]'))
        assert_(np.dtype('m8[3s/10000]') == np.dtype('m8[300us]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_fs(self):
        assert_(np.dtype('M8[fs/100]') == np.dtype('M8[10as]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.dtype('M8[3fs/10000]'))

    def test_divisor_conversion_as(self):
        assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.dtype('M8[as/10]'))

    def test_string_parser_variants(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        # Allow space instead of 'T' between date and time
        assert_equal(np.array(['1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                     np.array(['1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        # Allow positive years
        assert_equal(np.array(['+1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                     np.array(['+1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        # Allow negative years
        assert_equal(np.array(['-1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                     np.array(['-1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        # UTC specifier
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(
                np.array(['+1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                np.array(['+1980-02-29 01:02:03Z'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(
                np.array(['-1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                np.array(['-1980-02-29 01:02:03Z'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        # Time zone offset
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(
                np.array(['1980-02-29T02:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                np.array(['1980-02-29 00:32:03-0130'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(
                np.array(['1980-02-28T22:32:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                np.array(['1980-02-29 00:02:03+01:30'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(
                np.array(['1980-02-29T02:32:03.506'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                np.array(['1980-02-29 00:32:03.506-02'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_equal(np.datetime64('1977-03-02T12:30-0230'),
                         np.datetime64('1977-03-02T15:00'))

    def test_string_parser_error_check(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        # Arbitrary bad string
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['badvalue'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Character after year must be '-'
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980X'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Cannot have trailing '-'
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Month must be in range [1,12]
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-00'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-13'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Month must have two digits
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-1'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-1-02'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # 'Mor' is not a valid month
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-Mor'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Cannot have trailing '-'
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Day must be in range [1,len(month)]
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-0'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-00'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1979-02-29'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-30'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-03-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-04-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-05-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-06-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-07-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-08-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-09-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-10-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-11-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-12-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Cannot have trailing characters
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03%'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 q'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))

        # Hours must be in range [0, 23]
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 25'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03T25'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 24:01'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03T24:01'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 -1'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # No trailing ':'
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Minutes must be in range [0, 59]
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:-1'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:60'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # No trailing ':'
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:60:'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Seconds must be in range [0, 59]
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:10:-1'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:60'],
                                                        np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        # Timezone offset must within a reasonable range
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00+0661'],
                                                            np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00+2500'],
                                                            np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-0070'],
                                                            np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-3000'],
                                                            np.dtype('M8[us]'))
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-25:00'],
                                                            np.dtype('M8[us]'))

    def test_creation_overflow(self):
        date = '1980-03-23 20:00:00'
        timesteps = np.array([date], dtype='datetime64[s]')[0].astype(np.int64)
        for unit in ['ms', 'us', 'ns']:
            timesteps *= 1000
            x = np.array([date], dtype=f'datetime64[{unit}]')

            assert_equal(timesteps, x[0].astype(np.int64),
                         err_msg=f'Datetime conversion error for unit {unit}')

        assert_equal(x[0].astype(np.int64), 322689600000000000)

        # gh-13062
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
            np.datetime64(2**64, 'D')
        with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
            np.timedelta64(2**64, 'D')

    def test_datetime_as_string(self):
        # Check all the units with default string conversion
        date = '1959-10-13'
        datetime = '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789012345678901234'

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'Y')),
                     '1959')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'M')),
                     '1959-10')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'D')),
                     '1959-10-13')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'h')),
                     '1959-10-13T12')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'm')),
                     '1959-10-13T12:34')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 's')),
                     '1959-10-13T12:34:56')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ms')),
                     '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789')
        for us in ['us', 'μs', b'us']:  # check non-ascii and bytes too
            assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, us)),
                         '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789012')

        datetime = '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678901234'

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ns')),
                     '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ps')),
                     '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'fs')),
                     '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678901')

        datetime = '1969-12-31T23:59:57.789012345678901234'

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'as')),
                     datetime)
        datetime = '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678901234'

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ns')),
                     '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ps')),
                     '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'fs')),
                     '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678901')

        datetime = '1970-01-01T00:00:05.789012345678901234'

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'as')),
                     datetime)

        # String conversion with the unit= parameter
        a = np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456', 'us')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='Y', casting='unsafe'),
                            '2032')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='M', casting='unsafe'),
                            '2032-07')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='W', casting='unsafe'),
                            '2032-07-18')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='D', casting='unsafe'),
                            '2032-07-18')

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='Y', casting='same_value')

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='h'), '2032-07-18T12')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='m'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='s'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ms'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='us'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ns'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ps'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='fs'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000000')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='as'),
                            '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000000000')

        # unit='auto' parameter
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.12', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18T12:23:34.120')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18T12:23:34')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18T12:23')
        # 'auto' doesn't split up hour and minute
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18T12:00')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-18T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-18')
        # 'auto' doesn't split up the date
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-07-01T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-07-01')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                np.datetime64('2032-01-01T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                '2032-01-01')

    @pytest.mark.skipif(not _has_tz, reason="The tzdata module is not available.")
    def test_datetime_as_string_timezone(self):
        # timezone='local' vs 'UTC'
        a = np.datetime64('2010-03-15T06:30', 'm')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a),
                '2010-03-15T06:30')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='naive'),
                '2010-03-15T06:30')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='UTC'),
                '2010-03-15T06:30Z')
        assert_(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='local') !=
                '2010-03-15T06:30')

        b = np.datetime64('2010-02-15T06:30', 'm')

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Central')),
                     '2010-03-15T01:30-0500')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Eastern')),
                     '2010-03-15T02:30-0400')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Pacific')),
                     '2010-03-14T23:30-0700')

        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Central')),
                     '2010-02-15T00:30-0600')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Eastern')),
                     '2010-02-15T01:30-0500')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Pacific')),
                     '2010-02-14T22:30-0800')

        # Dates to strings with a timezone attached is disabled by default
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.datetime_as_string, a, unit='D',
                           timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Pacific'))
        # Check that we can print out the date in the specified time zone
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='D',
                           timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Pacific'), casting='unsafe'),
                     '2010-03-14')
        assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, unit='D',
                           timezone=ZoneInfo('US/Central'), casting='unsafe'),
                     '2010-02-15')

    def test_datetime_arange(self):
        # With two datetimes provided as strings
        a = np.arange('2010-01-05', '2010-01-10', dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
        assert_equal(a,
            np.array(['2010-01-05', '2010-01-06', '2010-01-07',
                      '2010-01-08', '2010-01-09'], dtype='M8[D]'))

        a = np.arange('1950-02-10', '1950-02-06', -1, dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
        assert_equal(a,
            np.array(['1950-02-10', '1950-02-09', '1950-02-08',
                      '1950-02-07'], dtype='M8[D]'))

        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            # Unit should be detected as months here
            a = np.arange("1969-05", "1970-05", 2, dtype="M8")
            assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[M]'))
            assert_equal(a,
                np.datetime64('1969-05') + np.arange(12, step=2))

            # datetime, integer|timedelta works as well
            # produces arange (start, start + stop) in this case
            a = np.arange('1969', 18, 3, dtype='M8')
            assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[Y]'))
            assert_equal(a,
                np.datetime64('1969') + np.arange(18, step=3))
            a = np.arange('1969-12-19', 22, np.timedelta64(2), dtype='M8')
            assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
            assert_equal(a,
                np.datetime64('1969-12-19') + np.arange(22, step=2))

        # Step of 0 is disallowed
        assert_raises(
            ValueError,
            np.arange,
            np.datetime64("today"),
            np.datetime64("today") + np.timedelta64(3, "D"),
            np.timedelta64(0, "D"),
        )
        # Promotion across nonlinear unit boundaries is disallowed
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.datetime64('2011-03-01', 'D'),
                                np.timedelta64(5, 'M'))
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange,
                                np.datetime64('2012-02-03T14', 's'),
                                np.timedelta64(5, 'Y'))

    def test_datetime_arange_no_dtype(self):
        d = np.array('2010-01-04', dtype="M8[D]")
        assert_equal(np.arange(d, d + np.timedelta64(1, "D")), d)
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.arange, d)

    def test_timedelta_arange(self):
        a = np.arange(3, 10, dtype='m8[s]')
        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(a, np.timedelta64(0, "s") + np.arange(3, 10, dtype="m8[s]"))

        a = np.arange(
            np.timedelta64(3, "s"),
            np.timedelta64(10, "s"),
            np.timedelta64(2, "s"),
            dtype="m8",
        )
        assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(a, np.timedelta64(0, 's') + np.arange(3, 10, 2))

        # Step of 0 is disallowed
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0, 's'),
                                np.timedelta64(5, 's'), np.timedelta64(0, 's'))
        # Promotion across nonlinear unit boundaries is disallowed
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0, 'D'),
                                np.timedelta64(5, 'M'))
        assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0, 'Y'),
                                np.timedelta64(5, 'D'))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2, expected", [
        # case from gh-12092
        (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(3, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(1, 's')),
        # negative value cases
        (np.timedelta64(3, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-2, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(-1, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(-3, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(2, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(1, 's')),
        # larger value cases
        (np.timedelta64(17, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(22, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(17, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(22, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(17, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(5, 's')),
        # different units
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
         np.timedelta64(57, 's'),
         np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(1, 'us'),
         np.timedelta64(727, 'ns'),
         np.timedelta64(273, 'ns')),
        # NaT is propagated
        (np.timedelta64('NaT', 'ns'),
         np.timedelta64(50, 'ns'),
         np.timedelta64('NaT', 'ns')),
        # Y % M works
        (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
         np.timedelta64(22, 'M'),
         np.timedelta64(2, 'M')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_modulus(self, val1, val2, expected):
        assert_equal(val1 % val2, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
        # years and months sometimes can't be unambiguously
        # divided for modulus operation
        (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
         np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
        (np.timedelta64(7, 'M'),
         np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_modulus_error(self, val1, val2):
        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, "common metadata divisor"):
            val1 % val2

    @pytest.mark.skipif(IS_WASM, reason="fp errors don't work in wasm")
    def test_timedelta_modulus_div_by_zero(self):
        with pytest.warns(RuntimeWarning):
            actual = np.timedelta64(10, 's') % np.timedelta64(0, 's')
            assert_equal(actual, np.timedelta64('NaT', 's'))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
        # cases where one operand is not
        # timedelta64
        (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
         15,),
        (7.5,
         np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
        ])
    def test_timedelta_modulus_type_resolution(self, val1, val2):
        # NOTE: some of the operations may be supported
        # in the future
        with assert_raises_regex(TypeError,
                                 "'remainder' cannot use operands with types"):
            val1 % val2

    def test_timedelta_arange_no_dtype(self):
        d = np.array(5, dtype="m8[D]")
        assert_equal(np.arange(d, d + np.timedelta64(1, "D")), d)
        assert_equal(np.arange(d), np.arange(np.timedelta64(0, "D"), d))

    def test_datetime_maximum_reduce(self):
        a = np.array(['2010-01-02', '1999-03-14', '1833-03'], dtype='M8[D]')
        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a),
                     np.datetime64('2010-01-02'))

        a = np.array([1, 4, 0, 7, 2], dtype='m8[s]')
        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
        assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a),
                     np.timedelta64(7, 's'))

    def test_timedelta_correct_mean(self):
        # test mainly because it worked only via a bug in that allowed:
        # `timedelta.sum(dtype="f8")` to ignore the dtype request.
        a = np.arange(1000, dtype="m8[s]")
        assert_array_equal(a.mean(), a.sum() / len(a))

    def test_datetime_no_subtract_reducelike(self):
        # subtracting two datetime64 works, but we cannot reduce it, since
        # the result of that subtraction will have a different dtype.
        arr = np.array(["2021-12-02", "2019-05-12"], dtype="M8[ms]")
        msg = r"the resolved dtypes are not compatible"

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            np.subtract.reduce(arr)

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            np.subtract.accumulate(arr)

        with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
            np.subtract.reduceat(arr, [0])

    def test_datetime_busday_offset(self):
        # First Monday in June
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-06', 0, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
            np.datetime64('2011-06-06'))
        # Last Monday in June
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-07', -1, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
            np.datetime64('2011-06-27'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-07', -1, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
            np.datetime64('2011-06-27'))

        # Default M-F business days, different roll modes
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='backward'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-07-30'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='preceding'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-07-30'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='forward'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='following'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='following'),
                     np.datetime64('2010-11-01'))
        assert_equal(
                np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                np.datetime64('2010-10-29'))
        assert_equal(
                np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                np.datetime64('2010-10-29'))
        assert_equal(
                np.busday_offset('2010-10-16', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                np.datetime64('2010-10-18'))
        assert_equal(
                np.busday_offset('2010-10-16', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                np.datetime64('2010-10-15'))
        # roll='raise' by default
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2011-06-04', 0)

        # Bigger offset values
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2006-02-01', 25),
                     np.datetime64('2006-03-08'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2006-03-08', -25),
                     np.datetime64('2006-02-01'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2007-02-25', 11, weekmask='SatSun'),
                     np.datetime64('2007-04-07'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2007-04-07', -11, weekmask='SatSun'),
                     np.datetime64('2007-02-25'))

        # NaT values when roll is not raise
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'), 1, roll='nat'),
                     np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'), 1, roll='following'),
                     np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'))
        assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'), 1, roll='preceding'),
                     np.datetime64('NaT', 'D'))

    def test_datetime_busdaycalendar(self):
        # Check that it removes NaT, duplicates, and weekends
        # and sorts the result.
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(
            holidays=['NaT', '2011-01-17', '2011-03-06', 'NaT',
                       '2011-12-26', '2011-05-30', '2011-01-17'])
        assert_equal(bdd.holidays,
            np.array(['2011-01-17', '2011-05-30', '2011-12-26'], dtype='M8'))
        # Default M-F weekmask
        assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0], dtype='?'))

        # Check string weekmask with varying whitespace.
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="Sun TueWed  Thu\tFri")
        assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1], dtype='?'))

        # Check length 7 0/1 string
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="0011001")
        assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1], dtype='?'))

        # Check length 7 bool array.
        mask = np.array([False, True, True, True, True, False, False])
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask=mask)
        assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, mask, strict=True)

        # Check length 7 string weekmask.
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="Mon Tue")
        assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype='?'))

        # All-zeros weekmask should raise
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
        # weekday names must be correct case
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="satsun")
        # All-zeros weekmask should raise
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="")
        # Invalid weekday name codes should raise
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Mon Tue We")
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Max")
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Monday Tue")

    def test_datetime_busday_holidays_offset(self):
        # With exactly one holiday
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-04', 5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-18'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-18', -5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-04'))
        # With the holiday appearing twice
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        # With a NaT holiday
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                holidays=['2011-11-11', 'NaT']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                holidays=['NaT', '2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        # With another holiday after
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        # With another holiday before
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
        # With another holiday before and after
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
            np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))

        # A bigger forward jump across more than one week/holiday
        holidays = ['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                  '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21',
                  '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02']
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 4, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 4))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 5, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 5 + 1))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 27, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 27 + 1))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 28, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 28 + 2))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 35, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 35 + 2))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 36, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 36 + 3))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 56, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 56 + 3))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 57, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 57 + 4))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 60, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 60 + 4))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61 + 5))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61, busdaycal=bdd),
            np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61 + 5))
        # A bigger backward jump across more than one week/holiday
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -1, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -1 - 1))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -4, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -4 - 1))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -5, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -5 - 2))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -25, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -25 - 2))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -26, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -26 - 3))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -33, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -33 - 3))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -34, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -34 - 4))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -56, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -56 - 4))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57, holidays=holidays),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57 - 5))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57, busdaycal=bdd),
            np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57 - 5))

        # Can't supply both a weekmask/holidays and busdaycal
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', -15,
                        weekmask='1111100', busdaycal=bdd)
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', -15,
                        holidays=holidays, busdaycal=bdd)

        # Roll with the holidays
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-12-25', 0,
                roll='forward', holidays=holidays),
            np.datetime64('2011-12-27'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-12-26', 0,
                roll='forward', holidays=holidays),
            np.datetime64('2011-12-27'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2011-12-26', 0,
                roll='backward', holidays=holidays),
            np.datetime64('2011-12-23'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-02-27', 0,
                roll='modifiedfollowing',
                holidays=['2012-02-27', '2012-02-26', '2012-02-28',
                          '2012-03-01', '2012-02-29']),
            np.datetime64('2012-02-24'))
        assert_equal(
            np.busday_offset('2012-03-06', 0,
                roll='modifiedpreceding',
                holidays=['2012-03-02', '2012-03-03', '2012-03-01',
                          '2012-03-05', '2012-03-07', '2012-03-06']),
            np.datetime64('2012-03-08'))

    def test_datetime_busday_holidays_count(self):
        holidays = ['2011-01-01', '2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                    '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21', '2011-01-17',
                    '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02', '2011-02-21', '2011-05-30',
                    '2011-07-01', '2011-07-04', '2011-09-05', '2011-10-10']
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)

        # Validate against busday_offset broadcast against
        # a range of offsets
        dates = np.busday_offset('2011-01-01', np.arange(366),
                        roll='forward', busdaycal=bdd)
        assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-01-01', dates, busdaycal=bdd),
                     np.arange(366))
        # Returns negative value when reversed
        # -1 since the '2011-01-01' is not a busday
        assert_equal(np.busday_count(dates, '2011-01-01', busdaycal=bdd),
                     -np.arange(366) - 1)

        # 2011-12-31 is a saturday
        dates = np.busday_offset('2011-12-31', -np.arange(366),
                        roll='forward', busdaycal=bdd)
        # only the first generated date is in the future of 2011-12-31
        expected = np.arange(366)
        expected[0] = -1
        assert_equal(np.busday_count(dates, '2011-12-31', busdaycal=bdd),
                     expected)
        # Returns negative value when reversed
        expected = -np.arange(366) + 1
        expected[0] = 0
        assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-12-31', dates, busdaycal=bdd),
                     expected)

        # Can't supply both a weekmask/holidays and busdaycal
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', '2012-02-03',
                        weekmask='1111100', busdaycal=bdd)
        assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', '2012-02-03',
                        holidays=holidays, busdaycal=bdd)

        # Number of Mondays in March 2011
        assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-03', '2011-04', weekmask='Mon'), 4)
        # Returns negative value when reversed
        assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-04', '2011-03', weekmask='Mon'), -4)

        sunday = np.datetime64('2023-03-05')
        monday = sunday + np.timedelta64(1, 'D')
        friday = sunday + np.timedelta64(5, 'D')
        saturday = sunday + np.timedelta64(6, 'D')
        assert_equal(np.busday_count(sunday, monday), 0)
        assert_equal(np.busday_count(monday, sunday), -1)

        assert_equal(np.busday_count(friday, saturday), 1)
        assert_equal(np.busday_count(saturday, friday), 0)

    def test_datetime_is_busday(self):
        holidays = ['2011-01-01', '2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                    '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21', '2011-01-17',
                    '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02', '2011-02-21', '2011-05-30',
                    '2011-07-01', '2011-07-04', '2011-09-05', '2011-10-10',
                    'NaT']
        bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)

        # Weekend/weekday tests
        assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-01'), False)
        assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-02'), False)
        assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-03'), True)

        # All the holidays are not business days
        assert_equal(np.is_busday(holidays, busdaycal=bdd),
                     np.zeros(len(holidays), dtype='?'))

    def test_datetime_y2038(self):
        msg = "no explicit representation of timezones available for " \
              "np.datetime64"
        # Test parsing on either side of the Y2038 boundary
        a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')
        assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31 - 1)
        a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:08')
        assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31)

        # Test parsing on either side of the Y2038 boundary with
        # a manually specified timezone offset
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T04:14:07+0100')
            assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31 - 1)
        with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match=msg):
            a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T04:14:08+0100')
            assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31)

        # Test parsing a date after Y2038
        a = np.datetime64('2038-01-20T13:21:14')
        assert_equal(str(a), '2038-01-20T13:21:14')

    def test_isnat(self):
        assert_(np.isnat(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ms')))
        assert_(np.isnat(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ns')))
        assert_(not np.isnat(np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')))

        assert_(np.isnat(np.timedelta64('NaT', "ms")))
        assert_(not np.isnat(np.timedelta64(34, "ms")))

        res = np.array([False, False, True])
        for unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D',
                     'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us',
                     'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as']:
            arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype=f'<datetime64[{unit}]')
            assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
            arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype=f'>datetime64[{unit}]')
            assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
            arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype=f'<timedelta64[{unit}]')
            assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
            arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype=f'>timedelta64[{unit}]')
            assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)

    def test_isnat_error(self):
        # Test that only datetime dtype arrays are accepted
        for t in np.typecodes["All"]:
            if t in np.typecodes["Datetime"]:
                continue
            assert_raises(TypeError, np.isnat, np.zeros(10, t))

    def test_isfinite_scalar(self):
        assert_(not np.isfinite(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ms')))
        assert_(not np.isfinite(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ns')))
        assert_(np.isfinite(np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')))

        assert_(not np.isfinite(np.timedelta64('NaT', "ms")))
        assert_(np.isfinite(np.timedelta64(34, "ms")))

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms',
                                      'us', 'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as'])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('dstr', ['<datetime64[%s]', '>datetime64[%s]',
                                      '<timedelta64[%s]', '>timedelta64[%s]'])
    def test_isfinite_isinf_isnan_units(self, unit, dstr):
        '''check isfinite, isinf, isnan for all units of <M, >M, <m, >m dtypes
        '''
        arr_val = [123, -321, "NaT"]
        arr = np.array(arr_val, dtype=(dstr % unit))
        pos = np.array([True, True, False])
        neg = np.array([False, False, True])
        false = np.array([False, False, False])
        assert_equal(np.isfinite(arr), pos)
        assert_equal(np.isinf(arr), false)
        assert_equal(np.isnan(arr), neg)

    def test_assert_equal(self):
        assert_raises(AssertionError, assert_equal,
                np.datetime64('nat', 's'), np.timedelta64('nat', 's'))

    def test_corecursive_input(self):
        # construct a co-recursive list
        a, b = [], []
        a.append(b)
        b.append(a)
        obj_arr = np.array([None])
        obj_arr[0] = a

        # At some point this caused a stack overflow (gh-11154). Now raises
        # ValueError since the nested list cannot be converted to a datetime.
        assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'M8')
        assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'm8')

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(), (1,)])
    def test_discovery_from_object_array(self, shape):
        arr = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype=object).reshape(shape)
        res = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype="M8").reshape(shape)
        assert res.dtype == np.dtype("M8[D]")
        assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
        arr[...] = np.bytes_("2020-10-10")  # try a numpy string type
        assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
        arr = arr.astype("S")
        assert_equal(arr.astype("S").astype("M8"), res)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
        "Y", "M", "W", "D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
        # compound units
        "10D", "2M",
    ])
    def test_limit_symmetry(self, time_unit):
        """
        Dates should have symmetric limits around the unix epoch at +/-np.int64
        """
        epoch = np.datetime64(0, time_unit)
        latest = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)
        earliest = np.datetime64(-np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)

        # above should not have overflowed
        assert earliest < epoch < latest

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
        "Y", "M",
        pytest.param("W", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="gh-13197")),
        "D", "h", "m",
        "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
        pytest.param("10D", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="similar to gh-13197")),
    ])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("sign", [-1, 1])
    def test_limit_str_roundtrip(self, time_unit, sign):
        """
        Limits should roundtrip when converted to strings.

        This tests the conversion to and from npy_datetimestruct.
        """
        # TODO: add absolute (gold standard) time span limit strings
        limit = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max * sign, time_unit)

        # Convert to string and back. Explicit unit needed since the day and
        # week reprs are not distinguishable.
        limit_via_str = np.datetime64(str(limit), time_unit)
        assert limit_via_str == limit

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("days,expected", [
        # Fast-path lower boundary (Neri-Schneider range starts at -12699422)
        (-12699422, "-32800-03-01"),
        (-12699421, "-32800-03-02"),
        # Fast-path upper boundary (Neri-Schneider range ends at 1061042401)
        (1061042400, "2907005-06-04"),
        (1061042401, "2907005-06-05"),
        # Just outside fast-path (fallback)
        (-12699423, "-32800-02-29"),
        (1061042402, "2907005-06-06"),
        # Typical dates near epoch for sanity
        (0, "1970-01-01"),
        (-1, "1969-12-31"),
        (1, "1970-01-02"),
        # Leap year boundaries
        (10957, "2000-01-01"),
        (11016, "2000-02-29"),   # 2000 is a leap year
        (11017, "2000-03-01"),
        (-25567, "1900-01-01"),  # 1900 is not a leap year
    ])
    def test_days_to_date_roundtrip(self, days, expected):
        """Test the calendar conversion at Neri-Schneider algorithm boundaries
        and typical dates, verifying both the fast-path and fallback."""
        dt = np.datetime64(days, "D")
        assert str(dt) == expected
        # roundtrip back
        assert dt == np.datetime64(expected, "D")

    def test_cast_to_truncated_string_doesnt_overflow(self):
        a = np.array([1, -2, 1], dtype='timedelta64[D]')
        assert_array_equal(a.astype('U1'), ['1', '-', '1'])

    def test_datetime_hash_nat(self):
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message
        ):
            nat1 = np.datetime64()
            nat2 = np.datetime64()
            assert nat1 is not nat2
            assert nat1 != nat2
            assert hash(nat1) != hash(nat2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('Y', 'M', 'W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_datetime_hash_weeks(self, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(2348, 'W')  # 2015-01-01
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(dt, dt2)

        dt3 = np.datetime64(int(dt2.astype(int)) + 1, unit)
        assert hash(dt) != hash(dt3)  # doesn't collide

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_datetime_hash_weeks_vs_pydatetime(self, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(2348, 'W')  # 2015-01-01
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        pydt = dt2.astype(datetime.datetime)
        assert isinstance(pydt, datetime.datetime)
        _assert_equal_hash(pydt, dt2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('Y', 'M', 'W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_datetime_hash_big_negative(self, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(-102894, 'W')  # -002-01-01
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(dt, dt2)

    # can only go down to "fs" before integer overflow
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('m', 's', 'ms', 'us', 'ns', 'ps', 'fs'))
    def test_datetime_hash_minutes(self, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(3, 'm')
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(dt, dt2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as'))
    def test_datetime_hash_ns(self, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(3, 'ns')
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(dt, dt2)

        dt3 = np.datetime64(int(dt2.astype(int)) + 1, unit)
        assert hash(dt) != hash(dt3)  # doesn't collide

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('wk', range(500000, 500010))  # 11552-09-04
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_datetime_hash_big_positive(self, wk, unit):
        dt = np.datetime64(wk, 'W')
        dt2 = np.datetime64(dt, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(dt, dt2)

    def test_timedelta_hash_generic(self):
        with pytest.warns(
            DeprecationWarning,
            match=self.generic_unit_deprecation_message,
        ):
            assert_raises(ValueError, hash, np.timedelta64(123))  # generic

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('Y', 'M'))
    def test_timedelta_hash_year_month(self, unit):
        td = np.timedelta64(45, 'Y')
        td2 = np.timedelta64(td, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(td, td2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_timedelta_hash_weeks(self, unit):
        td = np.timedelta64(10, 'W')
        td2 = np.timedelta64(td, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(td, td2)

        td3 = np.timedelta64(int(td2.astype(int)) + 1, unit)
        assert hash(td) != hash(td3)  # doesn't collide

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_timedelta_hash_weeks_vs_pydelta(self, unit):
        td = np.timedelta64(10, 'W')
        td2 = np.timedelta64(td, unit)
        pytd = td2.astype(datetime.timedelta)
        assert isinstance(pytd, datetime.timedelta)
        _assert_equal_hash(pytd, td2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('ms', 'us', 'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as'))
    def test_timedelta_hash_ms(self, unit):
        td = np.timedelta64(3, 'ms')
        td2 = np.timedelta64(td, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(td, td2)

        td3 = np.timedelta64(int(td2.astype(int)) + 1, unit)
        assert hash(td) != hash(td3)  # doesn't collide

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('wk', range(500000, 500010))
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ('W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us'))
    def test_timedelta_hash_big_positive(self, wk, unit):
        td = np.timedelta64(wk, 'W')
        td2 = np.timedelta64(td, unit)
        _assert_equal_hash(td, td2)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "inputs, divisor, expected",
        [
            (
                np.array(
                    [datetime.timedelta(seconds=20), datetime.timedelta(days=2)],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
                np.int64(2),
                np.array(
                    [datetime.timedelta(seconds=10), datetime.timedelta(days=1)],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
            ),
            (
                np.array(
                    [datetime.timedelta(seconds=20), datetime.timedelta(days=2)],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
                np.timedelta64(2, "s"),
                np.array(
                    [10.0, 24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
            ),
            (
                datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
                np.array(
                    [datetime.timedelta(seconds=20), datetime.timedelta(days=2)],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
                np.array(
                    [1.0 / 10.0, 1.0 / (24.0 * 60.0 * 60.0)],
                    dtype="object",
                ),
            ),
        ],
    )
    def test_true_divide_object_by_timedelta(
        self,
        inputs: np.ndarray | type[np.generic],
        divisor: np.ndarray | type[np.generic],
        expected: np.ndarray,
    ):
        # gh-30025
        results = inputs / divisor
        assert_array_equal(results, expected)

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "atol", [np.timedelta64(1, "s"), np.timedelta64(1, "ms")]
    )
    def test_assert_all_close_with_timedelta_atol(
        self, atol: np.timedelta64 | datetime.timedelta
    ):
        # gh-30382
        a = np.array([1, 2], dtype="m8[s]")
        b = np.array([3, 4], dtype="m8[s]")
        with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
            np.testing.assert_allclose(a, b, atol=atol)

class TestDateTimeData:

    def test_basic(self):
        a = np.array(['1980-03-23'], dtype=np.datetime64)
        assert_equal(np.datetime_data(a.dtype), ('D', 1))

    def test_bytes(self):
        # byte units are converted to unicode
        dt = np.datetime64('2000', (b'ms', 5))
        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)

        dt = np.datetime64('2000', b'5ms')
        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)

    def test_non_ascii(self):
        # μs is normalized to μ
        dt = np.datetime64('2000', ('μs', 5))
        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)

        dt = np.datetime64('2000', '5μs')
        assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)


def test_comparisons_return_not_implemented():
    # GH#17017

    class custom:
        __array_priority__ = 10000

    obj = custom()

    dt = np.datetime64('2000', 'ns')
    td = dt - dt

    for item in [dt, td]:
        assert item.__eq__(obj) is NotImplemented
        assert item.__ne__(obj) is NotImplemented
        assert item.__le__(obj) is NotImplemented
        assert item.__lt__(obj) is NotImplemented
        assert item.__ge__(obj) is NotImplemented
        assert item.__gt__(obj) is NotImplemented
