Release: 1.4.46 | Release Date: January 3, 2023

# SQLAlchemy 1.4 Documentation

# Source code for examples.custom_attributes.custom_management

    """Illustrates customized class instrumentation, using
    the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation` extension package.

    In this example, mapped classes are modified to
    store their state in a dictionary attached to an attribute
    named "_goofy_dict", instead of using __dict__.
    this example illustrates how to replace SQLAlchemy's class
    descriptors with a user-defined system.

    """
    from sqlalchemy import Column
    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy import ForeignKey
    from sqlalchemy import Integer
    from sqlalchemy import MetaData
    from sqlalchemy import Table
    from sqlalchemy import Text
    from sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation import InstrumentationManager
    from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper
    from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
    from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
    from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import del_attribute
    from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import get_attribute
    from sqlalchemy.orm.attributes import set_attribute
    from sqlalchemy.orm.instrumentation import is_instrumented

    class MyClassState(InstrumentationManager):
        def get_instance_dict(self, class_, instance):
            return instance._goofy_dict

        def initialize_instance_dict(self, class_, instance):
            instance.__dict__["_goofy_dict"] = {}

        def install_state(self, class_, instance, state):
            instance.__dict__["_goofy_dict"]["state"] = state

        def state_getter(self, class_):
            def find(instance):
                return instance.__dict__["_goofy_dict"]["state"]

            return find

    class MyClass(object):
        __sa_instrumentation_manager__ = MyClassState

        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
            for k in kwargs:
                setattr(self, k, kwargs[k])

        def __getattr__(self, key):
            if is_instrumented(self, key):
                return get_attribute(self, key)
            else:
                try:
                    return self._goofy_dict[key]
                except KeyError:
                    raise AttributeError(key)

        def __setattr__(self, key, value):
            if is_instrumented(self, key):
                set_attribute(self, key, value)
            else:
                self._goofy_dict[key] = value

        def __delattr__(self, key):
            if is_instrumented(self, key):
                del_attribute(self, key)
            else:
                del self._goofy_dict[key]

    if __name__ == "__main__":
        engine = create_engine("sqlite://")
        meta = MetaData()

        table1 = Table(
            "table1",
            meta,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", Text),
        )
        table2 = Table(
            "table2",
            meta,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", Text),
            Column("t1id", Integer, ForeignKey("table1.id")),
        )
        meta.create_all(engine)

        class A(MyClass):
            pass

        class B(MyClass):
            pass

        mapper(A, table1, properties={"bs": relationship(B)})

        mapper(B, table2)

        a1 = A(name="a1", bs=[B(name="b1"), B(name="b2")])

        assert a1.name == "a1"
        assert a1.bs[0].name == "b1"

        sess = Session(engine)
        sess.add(a1)

        sess.commit()

        a1 = sess.query(A).get(a1.id)

        assert a1.name == "a1"
        assert a1.bs[0].name == "b1"

        a1.bs.remove(a1.bs[0])

        sess.commit()

        a1 = sess.query(A).get(a1.id)
        assert len(a1.bs) == 1