POSTMULTI(1)

NAME
postmulti - Postfix multi-instance manager

SYNOPSIS
Enabling multi-instance management: postmulti -e init [-v]
Iterator mode: postmulti -l [-ajRv] [-g group] [-i name] postmulti -p [-av] [-g group] [-i name] postfix-command... postmulti -x [-aRv] [-g group] [-i name] unix-command...
Life-cycle management: postmulti -e create [-av] [-g group] [-i name] [-G group] [-I name] [param=value ...] postmulti -e import [-av] [-g group] [-i name] [-G group] [-I name] [config_directory=/path] postmulti -e destroy [-v] -i name postmulti -e deport [-v] -i name postmulti -e enable [-v] -i name postmulti -e disable [-v] -i name postmulti -e assign [-v] -i name [-I name] [-G group]

DESCRIPTION
The postmulti(1) command allows a Postfix administrator to manage multiple Postfix instances on a single host. postmulti(1) implements two fundamental modes of operation. In iterator mode, it executes the same command for multiple Postfix instances. In life-cycle management mode, it adds or deletes one instance, or changes the multi-instance status of one instance. Each mode of operation has its own command syntax. For this reason, each mode is documented in separate sections below.

BACKGROUND
A multi-instance configuration consists of one primary Postfix instance, and one or more secondary instances whose configuration directory pathnames are recorded in the primary instance's main.cf file. Postfix instances share program files and documentation, but have their own configuration, queue and data directories. Currently, only the default Postfix instance can be used as primary instance in a multi-instance configuration. The postmulti(1) command does not currently support a -c option to select an alternative primary instance, and exits with a fatal error if the MAIL_CONFIG environment variable is set to a non-default configuration directory. See the MULTI_INSTANCE_README tutorial for a more detailed discussion of multi-instance management with postmulti(1).

ITERATOR MODE
In iterator mode, postmulti performs the same operation on all Postfix instances in turn. If multi-instance support is not enabled, the requested command is performed just for the primary instance.

Iterator mode implements the following command options:

Instance selection

-a  Perform the operation on all instances. This is the default.

-g group
    Perform the operation only for members of the named group.

-i name
    Perform the operation only for the instance with the specified name. You can specify either the instance name or the absolute pathname of the instance's configuration directory. Specify "-" to select the primary Postfix instance.

-R  Reverse the iteration order. This may be appropriate when updating a multi-instance system, where "sink" instances are started before "source" instances.

    This option cannot be used with -p.

List mode

-j  Produce JSON output. See JSON OBJECT FORMAT below. This feature is available in Postfix version 3.11 and later.

-l  List Postfix instances with their instance name, instance group name, enable/disable status and configuration directory.

Postfix-wrapper mode

-p postfix-command
    Invoke postfix(1) to execute postfix-command. This option implements the postfix-wrapper(5) interface.

    •   With "start"-like commands, "postfix check" is executed for instances that are not enabled. The full list of commands is specified with the postmulti_start_commands parameter.

    •   With "stop"-like commands, the iteration order is reversed, and disabled instances are skipped. The full list of commands is specified with the postmulti_stop_commands parameter.

    •   With "reload" and other commands that require a started instance, disabled instances are skipped. The full list of commands is specified with the postmulti_control_commands parameter.

    •   With "status" and other commands that don't require a started instance, the command is executed for all instances.

    The -p option can also be used interactively to start/stop/etc. a named instance or instance group. For example, to start just the instances in the group "msa", invoke postmulti(1) as follows:

        # postmulti -g msa -p start

Command mode

-x unix-command
    Execute the specified unix-command for all Postfix instances. The command runs with appropriate environment settings for MAIL_CONFIG, command_directory, daemon_directory, config_directory, queue_directory, data_directory, multi_instance_name, multi_instance_group and multi_instance_enable.

Other options

-v  Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software increasingly verbose.

LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT MODE
With the -e option postmulti(1) can be used to add or delete a Postfix instance, and to manage the multi-instance status of an existing instance.

The following options are implemented:

Existing instance selection

-a  When creating or importing an instance, place the new instance at the front of the secondary instance list.

-g group
    When creating or importing an instance, place the new instance before the first secondary instance that is a member of the specified group.

-i name
    When creating or importing an instance, place the new instance before the matching secondary instance.

    With other life-cycle operations, apply the operation to the named existing instance. Specify "-" to select the primary Postfix instance.

New or existing instance name assignment

-I name
    Assign the specified instance name to an existing instance, newly-created instance, or imported instance. Instance names other than "-" (which makes the instance "nameless") must start with "postfix-". This restriction reduces the likelihood of name collisions with system files.

-G group
    Assign the specified group name to an existing instance or to a newly created or imported instance.

Instance creation/deletion/status change

-e action
    "Edit" managed instances. The following actions are supported:

    init
        This command is required before postmulti(1) can be used to manage Postfix instances. The "postmulti -e init" command updates the primary instance's main.cf file by setting:

            multi_instance_wrapper =
                    ${command_directory}/postmulti -p --
            multi_instance_enable = yes

        You can set these by other means if you prefer.

    create
        Create a new Postfix instance and add it to the multi_instance_directories parameter of the primary instance. The "-I name" option is recommended to give the instance a short name that is used to construct default values for the private directories of the new instance. The "-G group" option may be specified to assign the instance to a group, otherwise, the new instance is not a member of any group.

        The new instance main.cf is the stock main.cf with the parameters that specify the locations of shared files cloned from the primary instance. For "nameless" instances, you should manually adjust "syslog_name" to yield a unique "logtag" starting with "postfix-" that will uniquely identify the instance in the mail logs. It is simpler to assign the instance a short name with the "-I name" option.

        Optional "name=value" arguments specify the instance config_directory, queue_directory and data_directory. For example:

            # postmulti -I postfix-mumble \
                    -G mygroup -e create \
                    config_directory=/my/config/dir \
                    queue_directory=/my/queue/dir \
                    data_directory=/my/data/dir

        If any of these pathnames is not supplied, the program attempts to generate the missing pathname(s) by taking the corresponding primary instance pathname, and replacing the last pathname component by the value of the -I option.

        If the instance configuration directory already exists, and contains both a main.cf and master.cf file, create will "import" the instance as-is. For existing instances, create and import are identical.

    import
        Import an existing instance into the list of instances managed by the postmulti(1) multi-instance manager. This adds the instance to the multi_instance_directories list of the primary instance. If the "-I name" option is provided it specifies the new name for the instance and is used to define a default location for the instance configuration directory (as with create above). The "-G group" option may be used to assign the instance to a group. Add a "config_directory=/path" argument to override a default pathname based on "-I name".

    destroy
        Destroy a secondary Postfix instance. To be a candidate for destruction an instance must be disabled, stopped and its queue must not contain any messages. Attempts to destroy the primary Postfix instance trigger a fatal error, without destroying the instance.

        The instance is removed from the primary instance main.cf file's alternate_config_directories parameter and its data, queue and configuration directories are cleaned of files and directories created by the Postfix system. The main.cf and master.cf files are removed from the configuration directory even if they have been modified since initial creation. Finally, the instance is "deported" from the list of managed instances.

        If other files are present in instance private directories, the directories may not be fully removed, a warning is logged to alert the administrator. It is expected that an instance built using "fresh" directories via the create action will be fully removed by the destroy action (if first disabled). If the instance configuration and queue directories are populated with additional files (access and rewriting tables, chroot jail content, etc.) the instance directories will not be fully removed.

        The destroy action triggers potentially dangerous file removal operations. Make sure the instance's data, queue and configuration directories are set correctly and do not contain any valuable files.

    deport
        Deport a secondary instance from the list of managed instances. This deletes the instance configuration directory from the primary instance's multi_instance_directories list, but does not remove any files or directories.

    assign
        Assign a new instance name or a new group name to the selected instance. Use "-G -" to specify "no group" and "-I -" to specify "no name". If you choose to make an instance "nameless", set a suitable syslog_name in the corresponding main.cf file.

    enable
        Mark the selected instance as enabled. This just sets the multi_instance_enable parameter to "yes" in the instance's main.cf file.

    disable
        Mark the selected instance as disabled. This means that the instance will not be started etc. with "postfix start", "postmulti -p start" and so on. The instance can still be started etc. with "postfix -c config-directory start".

Other options

-v  Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the software increasingly verbose.

JSON OBJECT FORMAT
The output consists of a sequence of lines. Each line contains one JSON object that represents settings in a corresponding instance's main.cf file. Object members have string values unless indicated otherwise. Programs should ignore members that are not listed here, as members may be added over time.

name
    The value of the corresponding multi_instance_name parameter, or "-" if no name is specified.

group
    The value of the corresponding multi_instance_group parameter, or "-" if no group is specified.

enabled
    Either "y" or "n", depending on whether the corresponding multi_instance_enable parameter value is "yes" or "no".

    Note: this reports "y" for a primary instance, when multi-instance support is not enabled.

config_directory
    The value of the corresponding config_directory parameter.

ENVIRONMENT
The postmulti(1) command exports the following environment variables before executing the requested command for a given instance:

MAIL_VERBOSE
    This is set when the -v command-line option is present.

MAIL_CONFIG
    The location of the configuration directory of the instance.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

daemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or name=value environment overrides.

multi_instance_directories (empty)
    An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directories; these directories belong to additional Postfix instances that share the Postfix executable files and documentation with the default Postfix instance, and that are started, stopped, etc., together with the default Postfix instance.

multi_instance_group (empty)
    The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance.

multi_instance_name (empty)
    The optional instance name of this Postfix instance.

multi_instance_enable (no)
    Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a multi-instance manager.

postmulti_start_commands (start)
    The postfix(1) commands that the postmulti(1) instance manager treats as "start" commands.

postmulti_stop_commands (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The postfix(1) commands that the postmulti(1) instance manager treats as "stop" commands.

postmulti_control_commands (reload flush)
    The postfix(1) commands that the postmulti(1) instance manager treats as "control" commands, that operate on running instances.

syslog_facility (mail)
    The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
    A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

Available in Postfix 3.0 and later:

meta_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The location of non-executable files that are shared among multiple Postfix instances, such as postfix-files, dynamicmaps.cf, and the multi-instance template files main.cf.proto and master.cf.proto.

shlib_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
    The location of Postfix dynamically-linked libraries (libpostfix-*.so), and the default location of Postfix database plugins (postfix-*.so) that have a relative pathname in the dynamicmaps.cf file.

FILES
$meta_directory/main.cf.proto, stock configuration file
$meta_directory/master.cf.proto, stock configuration file
$daemon_directory/postmulti-script, life-cycle helper program

SEE ALSO
postfix(1), Postfix control program
postfix-wrapper(5), Postfix multi-instance API

README FILES
Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
MULTI_INSTANCE_README, Postfix multi-instance management

HISTORY
The postmulti(1) command was introduced with Postfix version 2.6.

LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
Victor Duchovni
Morgan Stanley
Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
Wietse Venema
Google, Inc.
111 8th Avenue
New York, NY 10011, USA