This is gnuastro.info, produced by makeinfo version 7.2 from
gnuastro.texi.

This book documents version 0.24 of the GNU Astronomy Utilities
(Gnuastro).  Gnuastro provides various programs and libraries for
astronomical data manipulation and analysis.

   Copyright © 2015-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
     no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
     section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
INFO-DIR-SECTION Astronomy
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Gnuastro: (gnuastro).       GNU Astronomy Utilities.
* libgnuastro: (gnuastro)Gnuastro library. Full Gnuastro library doc.

* help-gnuastro: (gnuastro)help-gnuastro mailing list. Getting help.

* bug-gnuastro: (gnuastro)Report a bug. How to report bugs

* Arithmetic: (gnuastro)Arithmetic. Arithmetic operations on pixels.
* astarithmetic: (gnuastro)Invoking astarithmetic. Options to Arithmetic.

* BuildProgram: (gnuastro)BuildProgram. Compile and run programs using Gnuastro's library.
* astbuildprog: (gnuastro)Invoking astbuildprog. Options to BuildProgram.

* ConvertType: (gnuastro)ConvertType. Convert different file types.
* astconvertt: (gnuastro)Invoking astconvertt. Options to ConvertType.

* Convolve: (gnuastro)Convolve. Convolve an input file with kernel.
* astconvolve: (gnuastro)Invoking astconvolve. Options to Convolve.

* CosmicCalculator: (gnuastro)CosmicCalculator. For cosmological params.
* astcosmiccal: (gnuastro)Invoking astcosmiccal. Options to CosmicCalculator.

* Crop: (gnuastro)Crop. Crop region(s) from image(s).
* astcrop: (gnuastro)Invoking astcrop. Options to Crop.

* Fits: (gnuastro)Fits. View and manipulate FITS extensions and keywords.
* astfits: (gnuastro)Invoking astfits. Options to Fits.

* MakeCatalog: (gnuastro)MakeCatalog. Make a catalog from labeled image.
* astmkcatalog: (gnuastro)Invoking astmkcatalog. Options to MakeCatalog.

* MakeProfiles: (gnuastro)MakeProfiles. Make mock profiles.
* astmkprof: (gnuastro)Invoking astmkprof. Options to MakeProfiles.

* Match: (gnuastro)Match. Match two separate catalogs.
* astmatch: (gnuastro)Invoking astmatch. Options to Match.

* NoiseChisel: (gnuastro)NoiseChisel. Detect signal in noise.
* astnoisechisel: (gnuastro)Invoking astnoisechisel. Options to NoiseChisel.

* Segment: (gnuastro)Segment. Segment detections based on signal structure.
* astsegment: (gnuastro)Invoking astsegment. Options to Segment.

* Query: (gnuastro)Query. Access remote databases for downloading data.
* astquery: (gnuastro)Invoking astquery. Options to Query.

* Statistics: (gnuastro)Statistics. Get image Statistics.
* aststatistics: (gnuastro)Invoking aststatistics. Options to Statistics.

* Table: (gnuastro)Table. Read and write FITS binary or ASCII tables.
* asttable: (gnuastro)Invoking asttable. Options to Table.

* Warp: (gnuastro)Warp. Warp a dataset to a new grid.
* astwarp: (gnuastro)Invoking astwarp. Options to Warp.

* astscript: (gnuastro)Installed scripts. Gnuastro's installed scripts.
* astscript-ds9-region: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-ds9-region. Options to this script
* astscript-fits-view: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-fits-view. Options to this script
* astscript-pointing-simulate: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-pointing-simulate. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-scale-factor: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-scale-factor. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-select-stars: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-select-stars. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-stamp: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-stamp. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-subtract: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-subtract. Options to this script
* astscript-psf-unite: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-psf-unite. Options to this script
* astscript-radial-profile: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-radial-profile. Options to this script
* astscript-sort-by-night: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-sort-by-night. Options to this script
* astscript-zeropoint: (gnuastro)Invoking astscript-zeropoint. Options to this script
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


Indirect:
gnuastro.info-1: 4282
gnuastro.info-2: 309072
gnuastro.info-3: 614359
gnuastro.info-4: 908429
gnuastro.info-5: 1208104
gnuastro.info-6: 1522206
gnuastro.info-7: 1809888
gnuastro.info-8: 2105096
gnuastro.info-9: 2404858
gnuastro.info-10: 2708032
gnuastro.info-11: 3009885

Tag Table:
(Indirect)
Node: Top4282
Node: Introduction40924
Node: Quick start43703
Ref: Quick start-Footnote-146910
Node: Gnuastro programs list47106
Node: Science and its tools57316
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-169914
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-269968
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-370421
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-470566
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-570699
Ref: Science and its tools-Footnote-671208
Node: Your rights71311
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-173473
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-273582
Ref: Your rights-Footnote-373647
Node: Logo of Gnuastro73712
Node: Naming convention75349
Node: Version numbering76489
Ref: Version numbering-Footnote-179568
Node: GNU Astronomy Utilities 1.079870
Node: New to GNU/Linux?80796
Ref: New to GNU/Linux?-Footnote-184656
Ref: New to GNU/Linux?-Footnote-284746
Node: Command-line interface84812
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-190610
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-290642
Ref: Command-line interface-Footnote-390745
Node: Report a bug90981
Ref: Report a bug-Footnote-197801
Ref: Report a bug-Footnote-297864
Node: Suggest new feature97926
Node: Announcements100787
Node: Conventions101743
Node: Acknowledgments and short history104111
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-1112867
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-2112895
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-3112923
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-4112961
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-5113171
Ref: Acknowledgments and short history-Footnote-6113242
Node: Tutorials113278
Ref: Tutorials-Footnote-1119718
Ref: Tutorials-Footnote-2119828
Node: General program usage tutorial120646
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-1125052
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-2125129
Ref: General program usage tutorial-Footnote-3125173
Node: Calling Gnuastro's programs125217
Node: Accessing documentation126134
Ref: Accessing documentation-Footnote-1130836
Node: Setup and data download130917
Ref: Setup and data download-Footnote-1132848
Node: Dataset inspection and cropping132985
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-1139642
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-2139923
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-3139984
Ref: Dataset inspection and cropping-Footnote-4140432
Node: Angular coverage on the sky140484
Ref: Angular coverage on the sky-Footnote-1148142
Node: Cosmological coverage and visualizing tables149090
Node: Building custom programs with the library155260
Ref: Building custom programs with the library-Footnote-1160849
Node: Option management and configuration files161247
Node: Warping to a new pixel grid170098
Node: NoiseChisel and Multi-Extension FITS files173608
Ref: NoiseChisel and Multi-Extension FITS files-Footnote-1181692
Node: NoiseChisel optimization for detection181771
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization for detection-Footnote-1197805
Node: NoiseChisel optimization for storage198643
Node: Segmentation and making a catalog202395
Ref: Segmentation and making a catalog-Footnote-1211182
Ref: Segmentation and making a catalog-Footnote-2211506
Node: Measuring the dataset limits211649
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-1225762
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-2225892
Ref: Measuring the dataset limits-Footnote-3225947
Node: Working with catalogs estimating colors226031
Ref: Working with catalogs estimating colors-Footnote-1241987
Node: Column statistics color-magnitude diagram242256
Node: Aperture photometry249618
Ref: Aperture photometry-Footnote-1253377
Node: Matching catalogs253433
Node: Reddest clumps cutouts and parallelization257223
Node: FITS images in a publication262637
Ref: FITS images in a publication-Footnote-1273352
Node: Marking objects for publication273415
Node: Writing scripts to automate the steps285911
Ref: Writing scripts to automate the steps-Footnote-1304362
Node: Citing Gnuastro309072
Node: Detecting large extended targets310902
Ref: Detecting large extended targets-Footnote-1313202
Node: Downloading and validating input data313252
Ref: Downloading and validating input data-Footnote-1318483
Ref: Downloading and validating input data-Footnote-2318721
Node: NoiseChisel optimization319071
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-1338730
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-2338818
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-3338927
Ref: NoiseChisel optimization-Footnote-4339063
Node: Skewness caused by signal and its measurement339218
Node: Image surface brightness limit350424
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-1365462
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-2365709
Ref: Image surface brightness limit-Footnote-3365772
Node: Achieved surface brightness level365958
Ref: Achieved surface brightness level-Footnote-1373252
Ref: Achieved surface brightness level-Footnote-2374092
Node: Extract clumps and objects374232
Ref: Extract clumps and objects-Footnote-1383006
Ref: Extract clumps and objects-Footnote-2383119
Node: Building the extended PSF383463
Node: Preparing input for extended PSF385108
Ref: Preparing input for extended PSF-Footnote-1387210
Node: Saturated pixels and Segment's clumps387359
Ref: Saturated pixels and Segment's clumps-Footnote-1399129
Node: One object for the whole detection399379
Node: Building outer part of PSF407425
Node: Inner part of the PSF417869
Node: Uniting the different PSF components420939
Node: Subtracting the PSF433681
Ref: Subtracting the PSF-Footnote-1447660
Node: Sufi simulates a detection447910
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-1479894
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-2480148
Ref: Sufi simulates a detection-Footnote-3480523
Node: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data480583
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-1483781
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-2483843
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-3483917
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-4483991
Ref: Detecting lines and extracting spectra in 3D data-Footnote-5484050
Node: Viewing spectra and redshifted lines484694
Node: Sky lines in optical IFUs495227
Node: Continuum subtraction497189
Ref: Continuum subtraction-Footnote-1502769
Node: 3D detection with NoiseChisel502923
Ref: 3D detection with NoiseChisel-Footnote-1509233
Node: 3D measurements and spectra509386
Node: Extracting a single spectrum and plotting it522272
Node: Cubes with logarithmic third dimension525744
Ref: Cubes with logarithmic third dimension-Footnote-1527643
Node: Synthetic narrow-band images527827
Ref: Synthetic narrow-band images-Footnote-1535438
Node: Color images with full dynamic range536053
Node: Color channels in same pixel grid539114
Node: Color image using linear transformation543863
Node: Color for bright regions and grayscale for faint552326
Node: Manually setting color-black-gray regions569135
Node: Weights contrast markers and other customizations573760
Node: Zero point of an image584100
Node: Zero point tutorial with reference image586034
Ref: Zero point tutorial with reference image-Footnote-1609922
Node: Zero point tutorial with reference catalog614359
Node: Pointing pattern design618365
Node: Preparing input and generating exposure map621781
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-1631244
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-2631387
Ref: Preparing input and generating exposure map-Footnote-3631504
Node: Area of non-blank pixels on sky631747
Node: Script with pointing simulation steps so far635570
Node: Larger steps sizes for better calibration639847
Node: Pointings that account for sky curvature648287
Ref: Pointings that account for sky curvature-Footnote-1657251
Node: Accounting for non-exposed pixels657347
Ref: Accounting for non-exposed pixels-Footnote-1663854
Ref: Accounting for non-exposed pixels-Footnote-2664174
Node: Moire pattern in coadding and its correction664402
Ref: Moire pattern in coadding and its correction-Footnote-1677922
Node: Clipping outliers678016
Node: Building inputs and analysis without clipping680388
Node: Sigma clipping689873
Node: MAD clipping706579
Ref: MAD clipping-Footnote-1715105
Node: Contiguous outliers715295
Node: Installation720185
Ref: Installation-Footnote-1722760
Node: Dependencies722847
Node: Mandatory dependencies724482
Node: GNU Scientific Library725222
Node: CFITSIO726071
Ref: CFITSIO-Footnote-1730526
Node: WCSLIB730688
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-1732957
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-2733091
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-3733177
Ref: WCSLIB-Footnote-4733208
Node: Optional dependencies733254
Ref: Optional dependencies-Footnote-1741767
Node: Bootstrapping dependencies742047
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-1753454
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-2753727
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-3754186
Ref: Bootstrapping dependencies-Footnote-4754492
Node: Dependencies from package managers754694
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-1767148
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-2767230
Ref: Dependencies from package managers-Footnote-3767277
Node: Downloading the source767314
Node: Release tarball768296
Node: Version controlled source771519
Ref: Version controlled source-Footnote-1774587
Node: Bootstrapping774860
Ref: Bootstrapping-Footnote-1780685
Node: Synchronizing780805
Ref: Synchronizing-Footnote-1785171
Ref: Synchronizing-Footnote-2785367
Node: Build and install785556
Node: Configuring787350
Node: Gnuastro configure options789040
Node: Installation directory796490
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-1810972
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-2811070
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-3811201
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-4811280
Ref: Installation directory-Footnote-5811462
Node: Executable names812115
Node: Configure and build in RAM815989
Node: Separate build and source directories818546
Node: Tests826997
Node: A4 print book828661
Node: Known issues830080
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-1837931
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-2837970
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-3838159
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-4838214
Ref: Known issues-Footnote-5838275
Node: Common program behavior838331
Ref: Common program behavior-Footnote-1841934
Node: Command-line842198
Node: Arguments and options843235
Node: Arguments846910
Node: Options849665
Node: Common options856547
Node: Input output options857450
Ref: Input output options-Footnote-1865976
Ref: Input output options-Footnote-2866113
Node: Processing options866186
Node: Operating mode options873841
Ref: Operating mode options-Footnote-1889630
Node: Shell TAB completion889692
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-1893855
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-2893936
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-3893983
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-4894074
Ref: Shell TAB completion-Footnote-5894181
Node: Standard input894351
Node: Shell tips898447
Node: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs898960
Ref: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs-Footnote-1903498
Ref: Separate shell variables for multiple outputs-Footnote-2903752
Node: Truncating start of long string FITS keyword values908429
Ref: Truncating start of long string FITS keyword values-Footnote-1910039
Node: Configuration files910398
Ref: Configuration files-Footnote-1912369
Ref: Configuration files-Footnote-2912438
Node: Configuration file format912658
Node: Configuration file precedence915065
Ref: Configuration file precedence-Footnote-1919443
Node: Current directory and User wide919612
Node: System wide920885
Node: Getting help922425
Node: --usage924927
Node: --help926272
Node: Man pages930131
Node: Info930962
Node: help-gnuastro mailing list933370
Node: Multi-threaded operations934439
Node: A note on threads935877
Node: How to run simultaneous operations938438
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-1942791
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-2943189
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-3943234
Ref: How to run simultaneous operations-Footnote-4943286
Node: Numeric data types943814
Node: Memory management950692
Ref: Memory management-Footnote-1961482
Node: Tables961602
Node: Recognized table formats964910
Node: Gnuastro text table format970220
Node: Selecting table columns980334
Node: Tessellation984200
Node: Automatic output989949
Ref: Automatic output-Footnote-1992536
Node: Output FITS files992749
Node: Numeric locale999860
Node: Data containers1002800
Node: Fits1005707
Ref: Fits-Footnote-11011022
Node: Invoking astfits1011089
Node: HDU information and manipulation1016559
Node: Keyword inspection and manipulation1027875
Ref: Keyword inspection and manipulation-Footnote-11058745
Ref: Keyword inspection and manipulation-Footnote-21059594
Node: Pixel information images1059667
Ref: Pixel information images-Footnote-11063045
Node: ConvertType1063119
Ref: ConvertType-Footnote-11065272
Node: Raster and Vector graphics1065341
Node: Recognized file formats1067566
Ref: Recognized file formats-Footnote-11077192
Node: Color1077239
Node: Pixel colors1078185
Node: Colormaps for single-channel pixels1080257
Node: Vector graphics colors1084057
Ref: colornames1085112
Node: Annotations for figure in paper1085297
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-11103758
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-21103840
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-31103910
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-41104049
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-51104129
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-61104177
Ref: Annotations for figure in paper-Footnote-71104247
Node: Full script of annotations on figure1104329
Node: Invoking astconvertt1109476
Node: ConvertType input and output1111445
Node: Pixel visualization1118449
Ref: Pixel visualization-Footnote-11127762
Node: Drawing with vector graphics1127814
Node: Table1145925
Ref: Table-Footnote-11149351
Node: Printing floating point numbers1149737
Ref: Printing floating point numbers-Footnote-11155641
Node: Vector columns1155721
Ref: Vector columns-Footnote-11166175
Node: Column arithmetic1166251
Ref: Column arithmetic-Footnote-11188680
Node: Operation precedence in Table1188874
Node: Invoking asttable1208104
Node: Query1253619
Ref: Query-Footnote-11256455
Ref: Query-Footnote-21256496
Node: Available databases1256538
Node: Invoking astquery1267321
Node: Data manipulation1284556
Node: Crop1285288
Node: Crop modes1287433
Node: Crop section syntax1294969
Node: Blank pixels1298099
Node: Invoking astcrop1299778
Node: Crop options1304031
Ref: Crop options-Footnote-11319546
Ref: Crop options-Footnote-21319620
Node: Crop output1319668
Node: Crop known issues1330830
Node: Arithmetic1332603
Node: Reverse polish notation1333980
Ref: Reverse polish notation-Footnote-11341134
Ref: Reverse polish notation-Footnote-21341190
Node: Integer benefits and pitfalls1341304
Node: Noise basics1346958
Node: Photon counting noise1348224
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-11355338
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-21355456
Ref: Photon counting noise-Footnote-31355652
Node: Instrumental noise1356079
Node: Final noised pixel value1357550
Node: Generating random numbers1358071
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-11363267
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-21363367
Ref: Generating random numbers-Footnote-31363438
Node: Arithmetic operators1363772
Node: Basic mathematical operators1369013
Node: Trigonometric and hyperbolic operators1375915
Node: Constants1378640
Node: Coordinate conversion operators1380452
Node: Unit conversion operators1387156
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-11404631
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-21404929
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-31405016
Ref: Unit conversion operators-Footnote-41405088
Node: Statistical operators1405162
Ref: Statistical operators-Footnote-11414848
Node: Coadding operators1415021
Node: Filtering operators1427021
Node: Pooling operators1433672
Node: Interpolation operators1443036
Node: Dimensionality changing operators1447651
Ref: Dimensionality changing operators-Footnote-11464561
Ref: Dimensionality changing operators-Footnote-21464630
Node: Conditional operators1464803
Node: Mathematical morphology operators1473613
Node: Bitwise operators1481056
Node: Numerical type conversion operators1487403
Node: Random number generators1490415
Ref: Random number generators-Footnote-11517673
Node: Coordinate and border operators1522206
Node: Loading external columns1531872
Node: Size and position operators1533443
Node: New operands1545622
Node: Operand storage in memory or a file1549365
Ref: Operand storage in memory or a file-Footnote-11555745
Node: Invoking astarithmetic1556036
Node: Convolve1572746
Ref: Convolve-Footnote-11575388
Ref: Convolve-Footnote-21575600
Node: Spatial domain convolution1575884
Ref: Spatial domain convolution-Footnote-11577104
Node: Convolution process1577161
Node: Edges in the spatial domain1579993
Ref: Edges in the spatial domain-Footnote-11583210
Ref: Edges in the spatial domain-Footnote-21583306
Node: Frequency domain and Fourier operations1583388
Node: Fourier series historical background1586149
Ref: epicycle1587718
Ref: Fourier series historical background-Footnote-11590896
Ref: Fourier series historical background-Footnote-21590993
Node: Circles and the complex plane1591349
Ref: iandtime1595803
Ref: Circles and the complex plane-Footnote-11596049
Node: Fourier series1596413
Ref: Fourier series-Footnote-11600529
Node: Fourier transform1600626
Ref: Fourier transform-Footnote-11603697
Node: Dirac delta and comb1603939
Node: Convolution theorem1607333
Ref: Convolution theorem-Footnote-11611414
Node: Sampling theorem1611475
Ref: samplingfreq1614245
Ref: Sampling theorem-Footnote-11618357
Node: Discrete Fourier transform1618502
Ref: Discrete Fourier transform-Footnote-11621812
Ref: Discrete Fourier transform-Footnote-21621918
Node: Fourier operations in two dimensions1622051
Ref: Fourier operations in two dimensions-Footnote-11624827
Node: Edges in the frequency domain1624992
Node: Spatial vs. Frequency domain1628678
Node: Convolution kernel1630235
Node: Invoking astconvolve1632976
Node: Warp1642142
Ref: Warp-Footnote-11645498
Ref: Warp-Footnote-21645640
Node: Linear warping basics1645802
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-11651749
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-21651845
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-31651908
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-41651969
Ref: Linear warping basics-Footnote-51652019
Node: Merging multiple warpings1652273
Node: Resampling1653769
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-11659662
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-21659747
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-31659840
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-41659906
Ref: Resampling-Footnote-51660103
Node: Invoking astwarp1660151
Node: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions1665636
Ref: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions-Footnote-11681128
Ref: Align pixels with WCS considering distortions-Footnote-21681204
Node: Linear warps to be called explicitly1681304
Node: Data analysis1690178
Node: Statistics1691054
Node: Histogram and Cumulative Frequency Plot1692716
Ref: Histogram and Cumulative Frequency Plot-Footnote-11696891
Node: 2D Histograms1697049
Node: 2D histogram as a table for plotting1699827
Ref: 2D histogram as a table for plotting-Footnote-11704838
Node: 2D histogram as an image1704936
Node: Least squares fitting1711053
Node: One dimensional polynomial fitting1713424
Ref: One dimensional polynomial fitting-Footnote-11726191
Node: Two dimensional polynomial fitting1726661
Node: Sky value1732676
Node: Sky value definition1734826
Ref: Sky value definition-Footnote-11738261
Ref: Sky value definition-Footnote-21738581
Node: Sky value misconceptions1738685
Ref: Sky value misconceptions-Footnote-11741184
Node: Quantifying signal in a tile1741455
Ref: Quantifying signal in a tile-Footnote-11751983
Node: Invoking aststatistics1752078
Ref: Invoking aststatistics-Footnote-11758817
Node: Input to Statistics1759023
Node: Single value measurements1761388
Ref: Single value measurements-Footnote-11774376
Ref: Single value measurements-Footnote-21774471
Node: Generating histograms and cumulative frequency plots1774634
Ref: Generating histograms and cumulative frequency plots-Footnote-11786786
Node: Fitting options1786856
Node: Contour options1797261
Node: Statistics on tiles1798464
Node: NoiseChisel1809888
Node: NoiseChisel changes after publication1817964
Ref: NoiseChisel changes after publication-Footnote-11820681
Node: Invoking astnoisechisel1820783
Ref: Invoking astnoisechisel-Footnote-11828669
Node: NoiseChisel input1828922
Node: Detection options1836859
Node: NoiseChisel output1864244
Node: Segment1872880
Ref: Segment-Footnote-11877764
Ref: Segment-Footnote-21877833
Node: Invoking astsegment1877969
Node: Segment input1880844
Node: Segmentation options1891980
Node: Segment output1901146
Node: MakeCatalog1908063
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-11913786
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-21913988
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-31914086
Ref: MakeCatalog-Footnote-41914224
Node: Detection and catalog production1914376
Ref: Detection and catalog production-Footnote-11918223
Node: Brightness flux magnitude1918280
Node: Standard deviation vs Standard error1936264
Node: MakeCatalog measurements on each label1947677
Node: Identifier columns1950764
Node: Position measurements in pixels1952160
Node: Position measurements in WCS1956477
Node: Brightness measurements1960831
Node: Surface brightness measurements1972423
Node: Upper limit measurements1979277
Ref: Upper limit measurements-Footnote-11985848
Node: Morphology measurements nonparametric1986023
Node: Morphology measurements elliptical1996071
Node: Measurements per slice spectra2006323
Node: Metameasurements on full input2010930
Ref: Metameasurements on full input-Footnote-12013325
Node: Surface brightness limit of image2013454
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-12021110
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-22021303
Ref: Surface brightness limit of image-Footnote-32021528
Node: Noise based magnitude limit of image2021882
Node: Confusion limit of image2026551
Node: Manual metameasurements2030758
Node: Expected surface brightness limit2031572
Ref: Expected surface brightness limit-Footnote-12034029
Node: Upper limit surface brightness of image2034094
Node: Magnitude limit for certain objects2037849
Node: Completeness limit for certain objects2039771
Node: Adding new columns to MakeCatalog2041600
Node: Invoking astmkcatalog2046864
Node: MakeCatalog inputs and basic settings2049551
Node: Upper-limit settings2062175
Ref: Upper-limit settings-Footnote-12071512
Ref: Upper-limit settings-Footnote-22071595
Node: MakeCatalog output HDUs2071780
Ref: MakeCatalog output HDUs-Footnote-12076302
Node: MakeCatalog output keywords2076563
Node: Match2086603
Node: Arranging match output2088469
Node: Unambiguous matching2105096
Node: Matching algorithms2110616
Node: Invoking astmatch2118526
Node: Data modeling2138896
Node: MakeProfiles2139436
Node: Modeling basics2141993
Node: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid2142786
Ref: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid-Footnote-12147677
Ref: Defining an ellipse and ellipsoid-Footnote-22147884
Node: PSF2147944
Ref: PSF-Footnote-12152618
Node: Stars2152792
Node: Galaxies2153445
Ref: Galaxies-Footnote-12154757
Node: Sampling from a function2154955
Node: Oversampling2159738
Node: If convolving afterwards2161100
Node: Profile magnitude2162361
Node: Invoking astmkprof2164139
Ref: Invoking astmkprof-Footnote-12170046
Node: MakeProfiles catalog2170299
Ref: MakeProfiles catalog-Footnote-12180089
Node: MakeProfiles profile settings2180476
Ref: MakeProfiles profile settings-Footnote-12199464
Node: MakeProfiles output dataset2199614
Ref: MakeProfiles output dataset-Footnote-12212657
Ref: MakeProfiles output dataset-Footnote-22213234
Node: MakeProfiles log file2213706
Node: High-level calculations2215058
Node: CosmicCalculator2215853
Node: Distance on a 2D curved space2217281
Ref: flatplane2220049
Ref: sphereandplane2222275
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-12228978
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-22229260
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-32229704
Ref: Distance on a 2D curved space-Footnote-42229875
Node: Extending distance concepts to 3D2229963
Node: Invoking astcosmiccal2231483
Node: CosmicCalculator input options2234362
Node: CosmicCalculator basic cosmology calculations2236905
Node: CosmicCalculator spectral line calculations2246974
Node: Installed scripts2251672
Ref: Installed scripts-Footnote-12255437
Node: Sort FITS files by night2256084
Node: Invoking astscript-sort-by-night2261240
Node: Generate radial profile2267803
Node: Invoking astscript-radial-profile2268765
Node: SAO DS9 region files from table2290704
Ref: SAO DS9 region files from table-Footnote-12291699
Node: Invoking astscript-ds9-region2291727
Node: Viewing FITS file contents with DS9 or TOPCAT2298973
Node: Invoking astscript-fits-view2303178
Node: Zero point estimation2311869
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-12315045
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-22315200
Ref: Zero point estimation-Footnote-32315289
Node: Invoking astscript-zeropoint2315366
Node: zero point output2319187
Node: zero point options2321077
Ref: zero point options-Footnote-12327684
Node: Pointing pattern simulation2327786
Node: Invoking astscript-pointing-simulate2332213
Node: Color images with gray faint regions2342963
Node: Invoking astscript-color-faint-gray2345143
Node: PSF construction and subtraction2359272
Ref: PSF construction and subtraction-Footnote-12361832
Node: Overview of the PSF scripts2361999
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-select-stars2367919
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-stamp2376480
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-unite2387751
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-scale-factor2392749
Node: Invoking astscript-psf-subtract2404858
Node: Makefile extensions2409774
Node: Loading the Gnuastro Make functions2411408
Node: Makefile functions of Gnuastro2413476
Node: Text functions for Makefiles2415391
Node: Astronomy functions for Makefiles2431162
Node: Library2436254
Node: Review of library fundamentals2438501
Node: Headers2440619
Ref: Headers-Footnote-12450748
Ref: Headers-Footnote-22450806
Ref: Headers-Footnote-32450997
Ref: Headers-Footnote-42451112
Ref: Headers-Footnote-52451218
Node: Linking2451299
Ref: Linking-Footnote-12462901
Ref: Linking-Footnote-22463092
Ref: Linking-Footnote-32463372
Ref: Linking-Footnote-42463546
Ref: Linking-Footnote-52463802
Node: Summary and example on libraries2463896
Node: BuildProgram2467800
Node: Invoking astbuildprog2469330
Node: Gnuastro library2479486
Ref: Gnuastro library-Footnote-12484537
Node: Configuration information2484674
Ref: Configuration information-Footnote-12489718
Node: Multithreaded programming2489773
Ref: Multithreaded programming-Footnote-12492817
Ref: Multithreaded programming-Footnote-22492975
Node: Implementation of pthread_barrier2493037
Node: Gnuastro's thread related functions2495900
Node: Library data types2504077
Node: Pointers2519934
Node: Library blank values2526402
Node: Library data container2540150
Node: Generic data container2541345
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-12554478
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-22554537
Ref: Generic data container-Footnote-32554615
Node: Dataset allocation2554684
Node: Arrays of datasets2559153
Node: Copying datasets2561832
Node: Dimensions2565964
Node: Linked lists2589403
Ref: Linked lists-Footnote-12594626
Node: List of strings2595025
Node: List of int32_t2599459
Node: List of size_t2603195
Ref: List of size_t-Footnote-12607665
Node: List of float2607767
Node: List of double2611454
Node: List of size_t and double2615654
Node: List of two size_ts and a double2617544
Node: List of void2619052
Node: Ordered list of size_t2621877
Node: Doubly linked ordered list of size_t2624856
Node: List of gal_data_t2628285
Node: Array input output2633222
Node: Table input output2638916
Node: FITS files2654928
Node: FITS macros errors filenames2656847
Node: CFITSIO and Gnuastro types2659683
Node: FITS HDUs2662190
Node: FITS header keywords2666911
Ref: FITS header keywords-Footnote-12689708
Node: FITS arrays - images or cubes2689922
Node: FITS tables2698013
Node: File input output2708032
Node: Text files2709045
Node: TIFF files2720291
Node: JPEG files2723016
Node: EPS files2725800
Node: PDF files2732230
Node: World Coordinate System2735462
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-12765534
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-22765611
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-32765684
Ref: World Coordinate System-Footnote-42765760
Node: Arithmetic on datasets2765934
Node: Tessellation library2797840
Node: Independent tiles2801991
Node: Tile grid2821283
Node: Bounding box2833169
Node: Polygons2838810
Node: Qsort functions2851368
Node: K-d tree2857320
Ref: K-d tree-Footnote-12869637
Node: Permutations2870036
Ref: Permutations-Footnote-12873295
Node: Matching2873587
Node: Statistical operations2883411
Node: Fitting functions2914191
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-12928155
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-22928249
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-32928346
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-42928428
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-52928490
Ref: Fitting functions-Footnote-62928577
Node: Binary datasets2928662
Node: Labeled datasets2942455
Ref: Labeled datasets-Footnote-12959932
Ref: Labeled datasets-Footnote-22960270
Node: Convolution functions2960437
Ref: Convolution functions-Footnote-12964272
Node: Pooling functions2964325
Node: Interpolation2966332
Ref: Interpolation-Footnote-12978864
Node: Warp library2978926
Node: Color functions2990550
Node: Git wrappers2992640
Node: Python interface2994472
Node: Unit conversion library2997567
Node: Spectral lines library3009885
Ref: Spectral lines library-Footnote-13021211
Node: Cosmology library3021281
Node: SAO DS9 library3024687
Ref: SAO DS9 library-Footnote-13027250
Node: Library demo programs3027313
Node: Library demo - reading a FITS image3028437
Node: Library demo - inspecting neighbors3032468
Node: Library demo - multi-threaded operation3035980
Node: Library demo - reading and writing table columns3043388
Node: Library demo - Warp to another image3051238
Node: Library demo - Warp to new grid3057852
Node: Developing3065041
Node: Why C3067450
Ref: Why C-Footnote-13074464
Ref: Why C-Footnote-23074494
Ref: Why C-Footnote-33074562
Ref: Why C-Footnote-43074596
Ref: Why C-Footnote-53074629
Ref: Why C-Footnote-63074694
Ref: Why C-Footnote-73074893
Ref: Why C-Footnote-83074999
Ref: Why C-Footnote-93075073
Ref: Why C-Footnote-103075199
Ref: Why C-Footnote-113075246
Ref: Why C-Footnote-123075477
Ref: Why C-Footnote-133075593
Node: Program design philosophy3075639
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-13078703
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-23078965
Ref: Program design philosophy-Footnote-33079073
Node: Coding conventions3079121
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-13091559
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-23091631
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-33091937
Ref: Coding conventions-Footnote-43092092
Node: Program source3092360
Node: Mandatory source code files3093467
Node: The TEMPLATE program3102572
Node: Documentation3107778
Node: Building and debugging3112727
Node: Test scripts3115742
Ref: Test scripts-Footnote-13118344
Ref: Test scripts-Footnote-23118511
Node: Bash programmable completion3118695
Node: Bash TAB completion tutorial3120611
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-13132184
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-23132284
Ref: Bash TAB completion tutorial-Footnote-33132366
Node: Implementing TAB completion in Gnuastro3132448
Node: Developer's checklist3136001
Node: Gnuastro project webpage3137938
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-13142145
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-23142199
Ref: Gnuastro project webpage-Footnote-33142235
Node: Developing mailing lists3142358
Node: Contributing to Gnuastro3144612
Node: Copyright assignment3146612
Node: Commit guidelines3150718
Ref: Commit guidelines-Footnote-13156981
Node: Production workflow3157044
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-13159940
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-23160019
Ref: Production workflow-Footnote-33160102
Node: Forking tutorial3160184
Ref: Forking tutorial-Footnote-13168334
Ref: Forking tutorial-Footnote-23168615
Node: Other useful software3168725
Node: SAO DS93169252
Node: TOPCAT3172997
Node: PGPLOT3175853
Ref: PGPLOT-Footnote-13179445
Node: GNU Free Doc License3179497
Node: GNU General Public License3204652
Node: Index3242238

End Tag Table


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