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Chapter 2. System Installation Notes
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## Chapter 2. System Installation Notes

## File utility /etc/magic information

The `file`(1) utility is a UNIX utility that examines and classifies files, based on information found in its database of file types, the /etc/magic file. The following information may be added to your system's /etc/magic file to enable `file`(1) to correctly identify Berkeley DB database files.

The `file`(1) utility `magic`(5) information for the standard System V UNIX implementation of the `file`(1) utility is included in the Berkeley DB distribution for both big-endian (for example, Sparc) and little-endian (for example, x86) architectures. See Big-endian magic information and Little-endian magic information respectively for this information.

The `file`(1) utility `magic`(5) information for Release 3.X of Ian Darwin's implementation of the file utility (as distributed by FreeBSD and most Linux distributions) is included in the Berkeley DB distribution. This `magic.txt` information is correct for both big-endian and little-endian architectures. See the next section for this information.

### Magic information

    # Berkeley DB
    #
    # Ian Darwin's file /etc/magic files: big/little-endian version.
    #
    # Hash 1.85/1.86 databases store metadata in network byte order.
    # Btree 1.85/1.86 databases store the metadata in host byte order.
    # Hash and Btree 2.X and later databases store the metadata in
    # host byte order.

    0	long	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >8	belong	4321
    >>4	belong	>2		1.86
    >>4	belong	<3		1.85
    >>4	belong	>0		(Hash, version %d, native byte-order)
    >8	belong	1234
    >>4	belong	>2		1.86
    >>4	belong	<3		1.85
    >>4	belong	>0		(Hash, version %d, little-endian)

    0	belong	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >8	belong	4321
    >>4	belong	>2		1.86
    >>4	belong	<3		1.85
    >>4	belong	>0		(Hash, version %d, big-endian)
    >8	belong	1234
    >>4	belong	>2		1.86
    >>4	belong	<3		1.85
    >>4	belong	>0		(Hash, version %d, native byte-order)

    0	long	0x00053162	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
    >4	long	>0		(Btree, version %d, native byte-order)
    0	belong	0x00053162	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
    >4	belong	>0		(Btree, version %d, big-endian)
    0	lelong	0x00053162	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86
    >4	lelong	>0		(Btree, version %d, little-endian)

    12	long	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >16	long	>0		(Hash, version %d, native byte-order)
    12	belong	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >16	belong	>0		(Hash, version %d, big-endian)
    12	lelong	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >16	lelong	>0		(Hash, version %d, little-endian)

    12	long	0x00053162	Berkeley DB
    >16	long	>0		(Btree, version %d, native byte-order)
    12	belong	0x00053162	Berkeley DB
    >16	belong	>0		(Btree, version %d, big-endian)
    12	lelong	0x00053162	Berkeley DB
    >16	lelong	>0		(Btree, version %d, little-endian)

    12	long	0x00042253	Berkeley DB
    >16	long	>0		(Queue, version %d, native byte-order)
    12	belong	0x00042253	Berkeley DB
    >16	belong	>0		(Queue, version %d, big-endian)
    12	lelong	0x00042253	Berkeley DB
    >16	lelong	>0		(Queue, version %d, little-endian)

    12	long	0x00040988	Berkeley DB
    >16	long	>0		(Log, version %d, native byte-order)
    12	belong	0x00040988	Berkeley DB
    >16	belong	>0		(Log, version %d, big-endian)
    12	lelong	0x00040988	Berkeley DB
    >16	lelong	>0	    (Log, version %d, little-endian)

### Big-endian magic information

    # Berkeley DB
    #
    # System V /etc/magic files: big-endian version.
    #
    # Hash 1.85/1.86 databases store metadata in network byte order.
    # Btree 1.85/1.86 databases store the metadata in host byte order.
    # Hash and Btree 2.X and later databases store the metadata in
    # host byte order.

    0	long    0x00053162	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86 (Btree,
    >4	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >4	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >0	long	0x00053162	native byte-order)

    0	long	0x62310500	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86 (Btree,
    >4	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >4	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >0	long	0x62310500	little-endian)

    12	long	0x00053162	Berkeley DB (Btree,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00053162	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x62310500	Berkeley DB (Btree,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x62310500	little-endian)

    0	long	0x00061561	Berkeley DB
    >4	long	>2		1.86
    >4	long	<3		1.85
    >0	long	0x00061561	(Hash,
    >4	long	2		version 2,
    >4	long	3		version 3,
    >8	long	0x000004D2	little-endian)
    >8	long	0x000010E1	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x00061561	Berkeley DB (Hash,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00061561	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x61150600	Berkeley DB (Hash,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x61150600	little-endian)

    12	long	0x00042253	Berkeley DB (Queue,
    >16	long	0x00000001	version 1,
    >16	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >16	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00042253	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x53220400	Berkeley DB (Queue,
    >16	long	0x01000000	version 1,
    >16	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >16	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x53220400	little-endian)

    12	long	0x00040988	Berkeley DB (Log,
    >16	long	0x00000001	version 1,
    >16	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >16	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >16	long	0x0000000a	version 10,
    >16	long	0x0000000b	version 11,
    >16	long	0x0000000c	version 12,
    >16	long	0x0000000d	version 13,
    >16	long	0x0000000e	version 14,
    >16	long	0x0000000f	version 15,
    >12	long	0x00040988	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x88090400	Berkeley DB (Log,
    >16	long	0x01000000	version 1,
    >16	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >16	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >16	long	0x0a000000	version 10,
    >16	long	0x0b000000	version 11,
    >16	long	0x0c000000	version 12,
    >16	long	0x0d000000	version 13,
    >16	long	0x0e000000	version 14,
    >16	long	0x0f000000	version 15,
    >12	long	0x88090400	little-endian)

### Little-endian magic information

    # Berkeley DB
    #
    # System V /etc/magic files: little-endian version.
    #
    # Hash 1.85/1.86 databases store metadata in network byte order.
    # Btree 1.85/1.86 databases store the metadata in host byte order.
    # Hash and Btree 2.X and later databases store the metadata in
    # host byte order.

    0	long	0x00053162	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86 (Btree,
    >4	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >4	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >0	long	0x00053162	native byte-order)

    0	long	0x62310500	Berkeley DB 1.85/1.86 (Btree,
    >4	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >4	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >0	long	0x62310500	big-endian)

    12	long	0x00053162	Berkeley DB (Btree,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00053162	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x62310500	Berkeley DB (Btree,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x62310500	big-endian)

    0	long	0x61150600	Berkeley DB
    >4	long	>0x02000000	1.86
    >4	long	<0x03000000	1.85
    >0	long	0x00061561	(Hash,
    >4	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >4	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >8	long	0xD2040000	native byte-order)
    >8	long	0xE1100000	big-endian)

    12	long	0x00061561	Berkeley DB (Hash,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00061561	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x61150600	Berkeley DB (Hash,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x61150600	big-endian)

    12	long	0x00042253	Berkeley DB (Queue,
    >16	long	0x00000001	version 1,
    >16	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >16	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >12	long	0x00042253	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x53220400	Berkeley DB (Queue,
    >16	long	0x01000000	version 1,
    >16	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >16	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >12	long	0x53220400	big-endian)

    12	long	0x00040988	Berkeley DB (Log,
    >16	long	0x00000001	version 1,
    >16	long	0x00000002	version 2,
    >16	long	0x00000003	version 3,
    >16	long	0x00000004	version 4,
    >16	long	0x00000005	version 5,
    >16	long	0x00000006	version 6,
    >16	long	0x00000007	version 7,
    >16	long	0x00000008	version 8,
    >16	long	0x00000009	version 9,
    >16	long	0x0000000a	version 10,
    >16	long	0x0000000b	version 11,
    >16	long	0x0000000c	version 12,
    >16	long	0x0000000d	version 13,
    >16	long	0x0000000e	version 14,
    >16	long	0x0000000f	version 15,
    >12	long	0x00040988	native byte-order)

    12	long	0x88090400	Berkeley DB (Log,
    >16	long	0x01000000	version 1,
    >16	long	0x02000000	version 2,
    >16	long	0x03000000	version 3,
    >16	long	0x04000000	version 4,
    >16	long	0x05000000	version 5,
    >16	long	0x06000000	version 6,
    >16	long	0x07000000	version 7,
    >16	long	0x08000000	version 8,
    >16	long	0x09000000	version 9,
    >16	long	0x0a000000	version 10,
    >16	long	0x0b000000	version 11,
    >16	long	0x0c000000	version 12,
    >16	long	0x0d000000	version 13,
    >16	long	0x0e000000	version 14,
    >16	long	0x0f000000	version 15,
    >12	long	0x88090400	big-endian)

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