/*=========================================================================
 *
 *  Copyright NumFOCUS
 *
 *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 *
 *=========================================================================*/
#ifndef itkVideoStream_h
#define itkVideoStream_h

#include "itkTemporalDataObject.h"
#include "itkImage.h"

namespace itk
{

/**
 * \class VideoStream
 * \brief A DataObject that holds a buffered portion of a video
 *
 * The function of VideoStream is to provide an Image-specific subclass of
 * TemporalDataObject. It provides several convenient typedefs to get common
 * attributes of the frames. Additionally, the VideoStream caches meta
 * information (largest/requested/buffered spatial regions, origin, spacing,
 * and direction) about all frames in the video, even those not currently
 * buffered. This is done primarily in order to allow the meta data to be set
 * before the frame is buffered.
 *
 * \ingroup ITKVideoCore
 */
template <typename TFrameType>
class ITK_TEMPLATE_EXPORT VideoStream : public TemporalDataObject
{
public:
  ITK_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_MOVE(VideoStream);

  /** Standard class type aliases */
  using Self = VideoStream;
  using Superclass = TemporalDataObject;
  using Pointer = SmartPointer<Self>;
  using ConstPointer = SmartPointer<const Self>;
  using ConstWeakPointer = WeakPointer<const Self>;

  using FrameType = TFrameType;
  using FramePointer = typename FrameType::Pointer;
  using FrameConstPointer = typename FrameType::ConstPointer;
  using typename Superclass::BufferType;

  using SpatialRegionType = typename FrameType::RegionType;
  using IndexType = typename FrameType::IndexType;
  using PixelType = typename FrameType::PixelType;
  using PointType = typename FrameType::PointType;
  using SpacingType = typename FrameType::SpacingType;
  using SizeType = typename FrameType::SizeType;
  using DirectionType = typename FrameType::DirectionType;
  using NumberOfComponentsPerPixelType = unsigned int;

  /** Types used to store map between frame numbers and frame meta data */
  using SpatialRegionMapType = typename std::map<SizeValueType, SpatialRegionType>;
  using PointMapType = typename std::map<SizeValueType, PointType>;
  using DirectionMapType = typename std::map<SizeValueType, DirectionType>;
  using SpacingMapType = typename std::map<SizeValueType, SpacingType>;
  using NumberOfComponentsPerPixelMapType = typename std::map<SizeValueType, NumberOfComponentsPerPixelType>;

  /** Access the spacial dimensionality of the frames */
  static constexpr unsigned int FrameDimension = FrameType::ImageDimension;
  static unsigned int
  GetFrameDimension()
  {
    return FrameType::ImageDimension;
  }

  itkNewMacro(Self);

  /** \see LightObject::GetNameOfClass() */
  itkOverrideGetNameOfClassMacro(VideoStream);

  /** Safely expand the internal ring buffer. */
  void
  SetMinimumBufferSize(SizeValueType minimumNumberOfFrames);

  /** Initialize any empty frames. This method makes sure that the frame buffer
   * is large enough to hold the number of frames needed for the buffered
   * temporal region. It goes through the necessary number of frames making
   * sure that each one has been initialized. When allocating space for frames,
   * this method should be called first, followed by setting the spatial
   * regions on each frame, before Allocate is called. */
  void
  InitializeEmptyFrames();

  /** Provide access to the internal frame buffer object */
  BufferType *
  GetFrameBuffer()
  {
    return reinterpret_cast<BufferType *>(m_DataObjectBuffer.GetPointer());
  }
  const BufferType *
  GetFrameBuffer() const
  {
    return reinterpret_cast<BufferType *>(m_DataObjectBuffer.GetPointer());
  }

  /** Set the internal pixel buffer */
  void
  SetFrameBuffer(BufferType * buffer);

  /** Provide access to the internal caches for the meta data */
  const SpatialRegionMapType &
  GetLargestPossibleSpatialRegionCache() const
  {
    return m_LargestPossibleSpatialRegionCache;
  }
  void
  SetLargestPossibleSpatialRegionCache(SpatialRegionMapType map)
  {
    m_LargestPossibleSpatialRegionCache = map;
  }

  const SpatialRegionMapType &
  GetRequestedSpatialRegionCache() const
  {
    return m_RequestedSpatialRegionCache;
  }
  void
  SetRequestedSpatialRegionCache(SpatialRegionMapType map)
  {
    m_RequestedSpatialRegionCache = map;
  }

  const SpatialRegionMapType &
  GetBufferedSpatialRegionCache() const
  {
    return m_BufferedSpatialRegionCache;
  }
  void
  SetBufferedSpatialRegionCache(SpatialRegionMapType map)
  {
    m_BufferedSpatialRegionCache = map;
  }

  const SpacingMapType &
  GetSpacingCache() const
  {
    return m_SpacingCache;
  }
  void
  SetSpacingCache(SpacingMapType map)
  {
    m_SpacingCache = map;
  }

  const PointMapType &
  GetOriginCache() const
  {
    return m_OriginCache;
  }
  void
  SetOriginCache(PointMapType map)
  {
    m_OriginCache = map;
  }

  const DirectionMapType &
  GetDirectionCache() const
  {
    return m_DirectionCache;
  }
  void
  SetDirectionCache(DirectionMapType map)
  {
    m_DirectionCache = map;
  }

  const NumberOfComponentsPerPixelMapType &
  GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixelCache() const
  {
    return m_NumberOfComponentsPerPixelCache;
  }
  void
  GetNumberOfComponentsPerPixelCache(NumberOfComponentsPerPixelMapType map)
  {
    m_NumberOfComponentsPerPixelCache = map;
  }

  /** Set the contents of the frame at a given frame number */
  void
  SetFrame(SizeValueType frameNumber, FramePointer frame);

  /** Get the frame for the given frame number. Internally, we always leave the
   * Head of the ring buffer in place and just use the frame number as an
   * offset. This allows all references to frames to be processed by an
   * explicit frame number rather than a potentially confusing offset. */
  FrameType *
  GetFrame(SizeValueType frameNumber);
  const FrameType *
  GetFrame(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the LargestPossibleRegion of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameLargestPossibleSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber, SpatialRegionType region);

  const SpatialRegionType &
  GetFrameLargestPossibleSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the RequestedRegion of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameRequestedSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber, SpatialRegionType region);

  const SpatialRegionType &
  GetFrameRequestedSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the BufferedRegion of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameBufferedSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber, SpatialRegionType region);

  const SpatialRegionType &
  GetFrameBufferedSpatialRegion(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the Spacing of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameSpacing(SizeValueType frameNumber, SpacingType spacing);

  const SpacingType &
  GetFrameSpacing(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the Origin of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameOrigin(SizeValueType frameNumber, PointType origin);

  const PointType &
  GetFrameOrigin(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the Direction of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameDirection(SizeValueType frameNumber, DirectionType direction);

  const DirectionType &
  GetFrameDirection(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Get/Set the NumberOfComponentsPerPixel of a frame */
  void
  SetFrameNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(SizeValueType frameNumber, unsigned int n);

  const NumberOfComponentsPerPixelType &
  GetFrameNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(SizeValueType frameNumber) const;

  /** Set the LargestPossibleRegion on all frames. This assumes that all frames
   * in the buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called
   * after InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllLargestPossibleSpatialRegions(SpatialRegionType region);

  /** Set the RequestedRegion on all frames. This assumes that all frames in
   * the buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called
   * after InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllRequestedSpatialRegions(SpatialRegionType region);

  /** Set the BufferedRegion on all frames. This assumes that all frames in the
   * buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called after
   * InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllBufferedSpatialRegions(SpatialRegionType region);

  /** Set the Spacing of all frames. This assumes that all frames in the
   * buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called after
   * InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllFramesSpacing(SpacingType spacing);

  /** Set the Origin of all frames. This assumes that all frames in the
   * buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called after
   * InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllFramesOrigin(PointType origin);

  /** Set the Direction of all frames. This assumes that all frames in the
   * buffered temporal region have been initialized (should be called after
   * InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllFramesDirection(DirectionType direction);

  /** Set the number of components per pixel of all frames.
   * This assumes that all frames in the buffered temporal region have been
   * initialized (should be called after InitializeEmptyFrames). */
  void
  SetAllFramesNumberOfComponentsPerPixel(NumberOfComponentsPerPixelType n);

  /** Allocate memory for the buffered spatial region of each frame in the
   * buffered temporal region. This assumes that all frames in the buffered
   * temporal region have been initialized and that the buffered spatial region
   * has been set for each of these frames. A typical setup would look like:
   *
     \code
        // Set the temporal regions
        TemporalRegionType temporalRegion;
        temporalRegion.SetFrameStart( 0 );
        temporalRegion.SetFrameDuration( 3 );
        video->SetLargestPossibleTemporalRegion( temporalRegion );
        video->SetRequestedTemporalRegion( temporalRegion );
        video->SetBufferedTemporalRegion( temporalRegion );

        // Initialize all frames in the buffered temporal region
        video->InitializeEmptyFrames();

        // Set the buffered spatial region for each frame
        SpatialRegionType bufferedSpatialRegion;
        SpatialRegionType::SizeType size;
        SpatialRegionType::IndexType start;
        size[0] = 50;
        size[1] = 40;
        start.Fill( 0 );
        bufferedSpatialRegion.SetSize( size );
        bufferedSpatialRegion.SetIndex( start );
        video->SetAllBufferedSpatialRegions( bufferedSpatialRegion );

        // Allocate memory for the frames
        video->Allocate();
     \endcode
   */
  void
  Allocate();

  /** Graft the data and information from one VideoStream to this one. This
   * just copies the meta information using TemporalProcessObject's Graft then
   * sets the internal RingBuffer pointer to point to the same buffer used by
   * the other VideoStream. */
  void
  Graft(const DataObject * data) override;

protected:
  VideoStream() = default;
  ~VideoStream() override = default;

  void
  PrintSelf(std::ostream & os, Indent indent) const override
  {
    Superclass::Print(os, indent);
  }

  /** These maps are used to cache a mapping between frame number and spatial
   * region. This is done because frames will often not be in actual existence
   * at the time when the region gets set. */
  SpatialRegionMapType m_LargestPossibleSpatialRegionCache{};
  SpatialRegionMapType m_RequestedSpatialRegionCache{};
  SpatialRegionMapType m_BufferedSpatialRegionCache{};

  /** These maps cache a mapping between frame number and the meta data for
   * origin, spacing, direction, and number of components per pixel */
  SpacingMapType                    m_SpacingCache{};
  DirectionMapType                  m_DirectionCache{};
  PointMapType                      m_OriginCache{};
  NumberOfComponentsPerPixelMapType m_NumberOfComponentsPerPixelCache{};

}; // end class VideoStream

} // end namespace itk

#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION
#  include "itkVideoStream.hxx"
#endif

#endif
