# SQLAlchemy 0.9 Documentation

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Release: 0.9.3 | Release Date: February 19, 2014

# Ordering List

A custom list that manages index/position information for contained elements.

author: | Jason Kirtland

`orderinglist` is a helper for mutable ordered relationships. It will intercept list operations performed on a `relationship()`-managed collection and automatically synchronize changes in list position onto a target scalar attribute.

Example: A `slide` table, where each row refers to zero or more entries in a related `bullet` table. The bullets within a slide are displayed in order based on the value of the `position` column in the `bullet` table. As entries are reordered in memory, the value of the `position` attribute should be updated to reflect the new sort order:

    Base = declarative_base()

    class Slide(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'slide'

        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String)

        bullets = relationship("Bullet", order_by="Bullet.position")

    class Bullet(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'bullet'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        slide_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('slide.id'))
        position = Column(Integer)
        text = Column(String)

The standard relationship mapping will produce a list-like attribute on each `Slide` containing all related `Bullet` objects, but coping with changes in ordering is not handled automatically. When appending a `Bullet` into `Slide.bullets`, the `Bullet.position` attribute will remain unset until manually assigned. When the `Bullet` is inserted into the middle of the list, the following `Bullet` objects will also need to be renumbered.

The `OrderingList` object automates this task, managing the `position` attribute on all `Bullet` objects in the collection. It is constructed using the `ordering_list()` factory:

    from sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist import ordering_list

    Base = declarative_base()

    class Slide(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'slide'

        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String)

        bullets = relationship("Bullet", order_by="Bullet.position",
                                collection_class=ordering_list('position'))

    class Bullet(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'bullet'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        slide_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('slide.id'))
        position = Column(Integer)
        text = Column(String)

With the above mapping the `Bullet.position` attribute is managed:

    s = Slide()
    s.bullets.append(Bullet())
    s.bullets.append(Bullet())
    s.bullets[1].position
    >>> 1
    s.bullets.insert(1, Bullet())
    s.bullets[2].position
    >>> 2

The `OrderingList` construct only works with changes to a collection, and not the initial load from the database, and requires that the list be sorted when loaded. Therefore, be sure to specify `order_by` on the `relationship()` against the target ordering attribute, so that the ordering is correct when first loaded.

Warning

`OrderingList` only provides limited functionality when a primary key column or unique column is the target of the sort. Since changing the order of entries often means that two rows must trade values, this is not possible when the value is constrained by a primary key or unique constraint, since one of the rows would temporarily have to point to a third available value so that the other row could take its old value. `OrderingList` doesn’t do any of this for you, nor does SQLAlchemy itself.

`ordering_list()` takes the name of the related object’s ordering attribute as an argument. By default, the zero-based integer index of the object’s position in the `ordering_list()` is synchronized with the ordering attribute: index 0 will get position 0, index 1 position 1, etc. To start numbering at 1 or some other integer, provide `count_from=1`.

## API Reference

`sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist.``ordering_list`(attr, count_from=None, **kw)

  Prepares an `OrderingList` factory for use in mapper definitions.

  Returns an object suitable for use as an argument to a Mapper relationship’s `collection_class` option. e.g.:

      from sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist import ordering_list

      class Slide(Base):
          __tablename__ = 'slide'

          id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
          name = Column(String)

          bullets = relationship("Bullet", order_by="Bullet.position",
                                  collection_class=ordering_list('position'))

  Parameters: | attr – Name of the mapped attribute to use for storage and retrieval of ordering information count_from – Set up an integer-based ordering, starting at `count_from`. For example, `ordering_list('pos', count_from=1)` would create a 1-based list in SQL, storing the value in the ‘pos’ column. Ignored if `ordering_func` is supplied.

  Additional arguments are passed to the `OrderingList` constructor.

`sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist.``count_from_0`(index, collection)

  Numbering function: consecutive integers starting at 0.

`sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist.``count_from_1`(index, collection)

  Numbering function: consecutive integers starting at 1.

`sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist.``count_from_n_factory`(start)

  Numbering function: consecutive integers starting at arbitrary start.

class `sqlalchemy.ext.orderinglist.``OrderingList`(ordering_attr=None, ordering_func=None, reorder_on_append=False)

  Bases: `__builtin__.list`

  A custom list that manages position information for its children.

  The `OrderingList` object is normally set up using the `ordering_list()` factory function, used in conjunction with the `relationship()` function.

  `__init__`(ordering_attr=None, ordering_func=None, reorder_on_append=False)

    A custom list that manages position information for its children.

    `OrderingList` is a `collection_class` list implementation that syncs position in a Python list with a position attribute on the mapped objects.

    This implementation relies on the list starting in the proper order, so be sure to put an `order_by` on your relationship.

    Parameters: | ordering_attr – Name of the attribute that stores the object’s order in the relationship. ordering_func – Optional. A function that maps the position in the Python list to a value to store in the `ordering_attr`. Values returned are usually (but need not be!) integers. An `ordering_func` is called with two positional parameters: the index of the element in the list, and the list itself. If omitted, Python list indexes are used for the attribute values. Two basic pre-built numbering functions are provided in this module: `count_from_0` and `count_from_1`. For more exotic examples like stepped numbering, alphabetical and Fibonacci numbering, see the unit tests. reorder_on_append – Default False. When appending an object with an existing (non-None) ordering value, that value will be left untouched unless `reorder_on_append` is true. This is an optimization to avoid a variety of dangerous unexpected database writes. SQLAlchemy will add instances to the list via append() when your object loads. If for some reason the result set from the database skips a step in the ordering (say, row ‘1’ is missing but you get ‘2’, ‘3’, and ‘4’), reorder_on_append=True would immediately renumber the items to ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’. If you have multiple sessions making changes, any of whom happen to load this collection even in passing, all of the sessions would try to “clean up” the numbering in their commits, possibly causing all but one to fail with a concurrent modification error. Recommend leaving this with the default of False, and just call `reorder()` if you’re doing `append()` operations with previously ordered instances or when doing some housekeeping after manual sql operations.

  `append`(entity)

    L.append(object) – append object to end

  `insert`(index, entity)

    L.insert(index, object) – insert object before index

  `pop`([index]) → item -- remove and return item at index (default last).

    Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.

  `remove`(entity)

    L.remove(value) – remove first occurrence of value. Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

  `reorder`()

    Synchronize ordering for the entire collection.

    Sweeps through the list and ensures that each object has accurate ordering information set.