<!-- doc/src/sgml/release-13.sgml -->
<!-- See header comment in release.sgml about typical markup -->

 <sect1 id="release-13">
  <title>Release 13</title>

  <formalpara>
   <title>Release date:</title>
   <para>2020-XX-XX, CURRENT AS OF 2020-08-09</para>
  </formalpara>

  <sect2>
   <title>Overview</title>

    <para>
     Major enhancements in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 13 include:
    </para>

   <!-- Items in this list summarize one or more items below -->

   <itemizedlist>

    <listitem>
    <para>TBD</para>
    </listitem>

   </itemizedlist>

    <para>
     The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>

  <title>Migration to Version 13</title>

    <para>
     A dump/restore using <xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"/> or use of <xref
     linkend="pgupgrade"/> or logical replication is required for those
     wishing to migrate data from any previous release.  See <xref
     linkend="upgrading"/> for general information on migrating to new major
     releases.
    </para>

    <para>
     Version 13 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
     with previous releases.  Observe the following incompatibilities:
    </para>

   <itemizedlist>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-09-07 [ca70bdaef] Fix issues around strictness of SIMILAR TO.
-->

     <para>
      Change <link linkend="functions-similarto-regexp"><command>SIMILAR
      TO ... ESCAPE NULL</command></link> to return <literal>NULL</literal>
      (Tom Lane)
     </para>

     <para>
      This new behavior matches the <acronym>SQL</acronym> specification.
      Previously this caused the escape to be set to the default backslash
      character.  The previous behavior has been retained in old views
      by keeping the original function unchanged.  This also applies to
      <command>substring(text FROM pattern ESCAPE text)</command>.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-01-31 [870ad6a59] Fix not-quite-right string comparison in parse_jsonb_ind
-->

     <para>
      Have <link
      linkend="textsearch-functions-table"><function>jsonb_to_tsvector()</function></link>
      properly check "string" parameter (Dominik Czarnota)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-28 [9950c8aad] Fix lquery's behavior for consecutive '*' items.
-->

     <para>
      In <xref linkend="ltree"/>, when using adjacent asterisks with braces,
      e.g. ".*{2}.*{3}", properly interpret that as ".*{5}" (Nikita Glukhov)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-03-16 [b09ff5366] Simplify the effective_io_concurrency setting.
-->

     <para>
      Change the way non-default <xref
      linkend="guc-effective-io-concurrency"/> values affect concurrency
      (Thomas Munro)
     </para>

     <para>
      Previously, this value was adjusted before effecting the number of
      concurrent requests.  This value is now used directly.  Conversion of
      old values to new ones can be done using:
     </para>

<programlisting>
SELECT round(sum(OLD / n::float)) FROM generate_series(1, OLD) s(n);
</programlisting>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-11-12 [5c46e7d82] pg_stat_{ssl,gssapi}: Show only processes with connectio
-->

     <para>
      Prevent display of auxiliary processes in <xref
      linkend="pg-stat-ssl-view"/> and <xref linkend="pg-stat-gssapi-view"/>
      system views (Euler Taveira)
     </para>

     <para>
      Queries that join these views to <xref
      linkend="pg-stat-activity-view"/> and wish to see auxiliary processes
      will need to use left joins.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-19 [1d253bae5] Rename the recovery-related wait events.
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-05-15 [36ac359d3] Rename assorted LWLock tranches.
2020-05-15 [474e7da64] Change locktype "speculative token" to "spectoken".
2020-05-15 [14a910109] Drop the redundant "Lock" suffix from LWLock wait event
2020-05-16 [3048898e7] Mop-up for wait event naming issues.
-->

     <para>
      Rename various <link linkend="wait-event-table">wait
      events</link> to improve consistency (Fujii Masao, Tom Lane)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-06 [979766c0a] Correct the command tags for ALTER ... RENAME COLUMN.
-->

     <para>
      Fix <link linkend="sql-alterforeigntable"><command>ALTER FOREIGN
      TABLE ... RENAME COLUMN</command></link> to return a more appropriate
      command tag (Fujii Masao)
     </para>

     <para>
      Previously it returned <command>ALTER TABLE</command>, but now returns
      <command>ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</command>.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-06 [979766c0a] Correct the command tags for ALTER ... RENAME COLUMN.
-->

     <para>
      Fix <link linkend="sql-altermaterializedview"><command>ALTER
      MATERIALIZED VIEW ... RENAME COLUMN</command></link> to return a more
      appropriate command tag (Fujii Masao)
     </para>

     <para>
      Previously it returned <command>ALTER TABLE</command>, but now returns
      <command>ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW</command>.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-07-20 [f5dff45962] Rename wal_keep_segments to wal_keep_size.
-->

     <para>
      Rename configuration parameter <varname>wal_keep_segments</varname>
      to <xref linkend="guc-wal-keep-size"/> (Fujii Masao)
     </para>

     <para>
      This determines how much WAL to retain for the standby server,
      specified in megabytes rather than number of files. If you
      previously used <varname>wal_keep_segments</varname>,
      the following formula will give you an approximately equivalent setting:
<programlisting>
wal_keep_size = wal_keep_segments * wal_segment_size (typically 16MB)
</programlisting>
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-05 [84eca14bc] Remove ancient hacks to ignore certain opclass names in
-->

     <para>
      Remove support for defining <link linkend="sql-createopclass">operator
      classes</link> using pre-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
      8.0 syntax (Daniel Gustafsson)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-05 [e58a59975] Remove ancient support for upgrading pre-7.3 foreign key
-->

     <para>
      Remove support for defining <link linkend="sql-altertable">foreign key
      constraints</link> using pre-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
      7.3 syntax (Daniel Gustafsson)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-05 [bb03010b9] Remove the "opaque" pseudo-type and associated compatibi
-->

     <para>
      Remove support for "opaque" <link
      linkend="sql-createtype">pseudo-types</link> used by
      pre-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 7.3 servers (Daniel
      Gustafsson)
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-06-29 [21aac2ff9] Remove support for timezone "posixrules" file.
-->

     <para>
      Remove support for <filename>posixrules</filename> files in the
      timezone database (Tom Lane)
     </para>

     <para>
      IANA's timezone group has deprecated this feature, meaning that it
      will gradually disappear from systems' timezone databases over the
      next few years.  Rather than have a behavioral change appear
      unexpectedly with a timezone data update, we have
      removed <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s support for this
      feature as of version 13.  This affects only the behavior
      of <link linkend="datetime-posix-timezone-specs">POSIX-style time
      zone specifications</link> that lack an explicit daylight savings
      transition rule; formerly the transition rule could be determined
      by installing a custom <filename>posixrules</filename> file, but
      now it is hard-wired.  The recommended fix for any affected
      installations is to start using a geographical time zone name.
     </para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
2020-03-07 [691e8b2e1] pageinspect: Fix types used for bt_metap() columns.
-->

     <para>
      Fix <xref linkend="pageinspect"/>'s <function>bt_metap()</function>
      to return more appropriate data types that are less likely to overflow
      (Peter Geoghegan)
     </para>
    </listitem>

   </itemizedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>
   <title>Changes</title>

     <para>
       Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
       <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 13 and the previous major
       release.
     </para>

   <sect3>
    <title>Server</title>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="ddl-partitioning">Partitioning</link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-08-07 [4e85642d9] Apply constraint exclusion more generally in partitionin
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-08-13 [815ef2f56] Don't constraint-exclude partitioned tables as much
-->

       <para>
        Improve cases where <link
        linkend="ddl-partition-pruning">pruning</link> of partitions can happen
        (Yuzuko Hosoya, Amit Langote, &Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Etsuro Fujita <efujita@postgresql.org>
2020-04-08 [c8434d64c] Allow partitionwise joins in more cases.
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-07 [981643dcd] Allow partitionwise join to handle nested FULL JOIN USIN
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="guc-enable-partitionwise-join">partitionwise
       joins</link> to happen in more cases (Ashutosh Bapat, Etsuro Fujita,
       Amit Langote, Tom Lane)
      </para>

       <para>
        For example, partitionwise joins can now happen between partitioned
        tables even when their partition bounds do not match exactly.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-03-18 [487e9861d] Enable BEFORE row-level triggers for partitioned tables
-->

       <para>
        Allow <literal>BEFORE</literal> row-level <link
        linkend="triggers">triggers</link> on partitioned tables (&Aacute;lvaro
        Herrera)
       </para>

       <para>
        These triggers cannot change which partition is the destination.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-10 [17b9e7f9f] Support adding partitioned tables to publication
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-04-08 [83fd4532a] Allow publishing partition changes via ancestors
-->

       <para>
        Allow partitioned tables to be logically replicated via <link
        linkend="sql-createpublication">publications</link> (Amit Langote)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, partitions had to be replicated individually.  Now
        partitioned tables can be published explicitly causing all partitions
        to be automatically published.  Addition/removal of partitions from
        partitioned tables are automatically added/removed from publications.
        The <link linkend="sql-createpublication"><command>CREATE
        PUBLICATION</command></link> option
        <literal>publish_via_partition_root</literal> controls whether changes
        to partitions are published as their own or their ancestor's.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-04-06 [f1ac27bfd] Add logical replication support to replicate into partit
-->

       <para>
        Allow logical replication into partitioned tables on subscribers
        (Amit Langote)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, subscribers could only receive rows into non-partitioned
        tables.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-12-25 [bb4114a4e] Allow whole-row Vars to be used in partitioning expressi
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="rowtypes"><literal>ROW</literal> values</link>
        to be used as partitioning expressions (Amit Langote)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Indexes</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
2020-02-26 [0d861bbb7] Add deduplication to nbtree.
-->

       <para>
        More efficiently store <link
        linkend="btree-deduplication">duplicates</link> in btree indexes
        (Anastasia Lubennikova, Peter Geoghegan)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows efficient btree indexing of low cardinality columns
        by storing duplicate keys only once.  Users upgrading with <link
        linkend="pgupgrade"><application>pg_upgrade</application></link>
        will need to use <link
        linkend="sql-reindex"><command>REINDEX</command></link> to make use
        of this feature.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-07-14 [c085e1c1c] Add support for <-> (box, point) operator to GiST box_op
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-07-14 [075f0a880] Add support for <-> (box, point) operator to SP-GiST box
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="gist">GiST</link> and <link
        linkend="spgist">SP-GiST</link> indexes for <link
        linkend="datatype-line">box</link>/point distance lookups (Nikita
        Glukhov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2020-01-18 [4b754d6c1] Avoid full scan of GIN indexes when possible
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="gin"><acronym>GIN</acronym></link> indexes to
        more efficiently handle <literal>NOT</literal> restrictions (Nikita
        Glukhov, Alexander Korotkov, Tom Lane, Julien Rouhaud)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2020-03-30 [911e70207] Implement operator class parameters
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="sql-createindex">index operator classes</link>
        to take parameters (Nikita Glukhov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2020-03-30 [911e70207] Implement operator class parameters
-->

       <para>
        Allow <command>CREATE INDEX</command> to specify the GiST signature
        length and maximum number of integer ranges (Nikita Glukhov)
       </para>

       <para>
        Indexes created on four and eight-byte <link linkend="intarray">integer
        array</link>, <link linkend="textsearch">tsvector</link>,
        <xref linkend="pgtrgm"/>, <xref linkend="ltree"/>, and <xref
        linkend="hstore"/> columns can now control these GiST index parameters,
        rather than using the defaults.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-12-06 [fbbf68094] Disallow non-default collation in ADD PRIMARY KEY/UNIQUE
-->

       <para>
        Prevent indexes that use non-default collations from being <link
        linkend="sql-altertable">added</link> as a table's unique or primary
        key constraint (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        The index and column collations must now match so the index's
        uniqueness matches the column's uniqueness.
       </para>
      </listitem>


     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Optimizer</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-01 [a80818605] Improve selectivity estimation for assorted match-style
-->

       <para>
        Improve the optimizer's <link
        linkend="planner-stats-details">selectivity</link> estimation for
        containment/match operators (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2019-09-11 [d06215d03] Allow setting statistics target for extended statistics
-->

       <para>
        Allow setting <link linkend="sql-altertable">statistics target</link>
        for <link linkend="sql-createstatistics">extended statistics</link>
        (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is controlled with the new command option <command>ALTER
        STATISTICS ... SET STATISTICS</command>.  Previously this was computed
        based on more general statistics target settings.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-01-13 [aaa676187] Apply all available functional dependencies
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-01-13 [eae056c19] Apply multiple multivariate MCV lists when possible
-->

       <para>
        Allow use of multiple extended statistics objects in a single query
        (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-03-14 [8f321bd16] Use functional dependencies to estimate ScalarArrayOpExp
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-03-14 [e83daa7e3] Use multi-variate MCV lists to estimate ScalarArrayOpExp
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-03-18 [ccaa3569f] Recognize some OR clauses as compatible with functional
-->

       <para>
        Allow use of extended statistics objects for OR clauses and <link
        linkend="functions-subquery">IN</link>/<literal>ANY</literal> constant
        lists (Pierre Ducroquet, Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-08-01 [7266d0997] Allow functions-in-FROM to be pulled up if they reduce t
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-09-24 [a9ae99d01] Prevent bogus pullup of constant-valued functions return
-->

       <para>
        Allow functions in <literal>FROM</literal> clauses to be moved to their
        reference sites if they evaluate to constants (Alexander Kuzmenkov,
        Aleksandr Parfenov)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>General Performance</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-04-06 [d2d8a229b] Implement Incremental Sort
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-07-05 [94e454cdd] Rename enable_incrementalsort for clarity
-->

       <para>
        Implement <link linkend="guc-enable-incremental-sort">incremental
        sorting</link> (James Coleman, Alexander Korotkov, Tomas Vondra)
       </para>

       <para>
        If a result is already sorted by several leading keys, this
        allows for batch sorting of additional trailing keys because the
        previous keys are already equal.  This is controlled by <xref
        linkend="guc-enable-incremental-sort"/>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
2019-08-01 [71dcd7438] Add sort support routine for the inet data type.
-->

       <para>
        Improve the performance of sorting <link
        linkend="datatype-inet">inet</link> values (Brandur Leach)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Jeff Davis <jdavis@postgresql.org>
2020-03-18 [1f39bce02] Disk-based Hash Aggregation.
Author: Jeff Davis <jdavis@postgresql.org>
2020-03-24 [dd8e19132] Consider disk-based hash aggregation to implement DISTIN
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
2020-07-29 [78530c8e7] Add hash_mem_multiplier GUC.
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="guc-enable-hashagg">hash aggregation</link>
        and <link linkend="queries-grouping-sets">grouping sets</link>
        to use disk storage for large aggregation result sets (Jeff Davis)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, hash aggregation was avoided if it was expected to use
        more than <xref linkend="guc-work-mem"/> memory.  Now, a hash
        aggregation plan can be chosen despite that.  The hash table will
        be spilled to disk if it exceeds <varname>work_mem</varname> times
        <xref linkend="guc-hash-mem-multiplier"/>.
       </para>

       <para>
        This behavior is normally preferable to the old behavior.  But if
        it is inferior for a particular query, behavior similar to
        previous Postgres releases can be obtained by
        increasing <varname>hash_mem_multiplier</varname>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: David Rowley <drowley@postgresql.org>
2020-03-28 [b07642dbc] Trigger autovacuum based on number of INSERTs
-->

       <para>
        Allow inserts to trigger <link linkend="autovacuum">autovacuum</link>
        activity (Laurenz Albe, Darafei Praliaskouski)
       </para>

       <para>
        This new behavior reduces the work necessary when the table needs to
        be frozen and allows pages to be set as all-visible.  All-visible pages
        allow index-only scans to access fewer heap rows.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-03-16 [fc34b0d9d] Introduce a maintenance_io_concurrency setting.
-->

       <para>
        Add <xref linkend="guc-maintenance-io-concurrency"/> to control I/O
        concurrency for maintenance operations (Thomas Munro)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
2020-04-04 [c6b92041d] Skip WAL for new relfilenodes, under wal_level=minimal.
-->

       <para>
        Allow skipping of <acronym>WAL</acronym> for <link
        linkend="guc-full-page-writes">full table writes</link> if <xref
        linkend="guc-wal-level"/> is <literal>minimal</literal> (Kyotaro
        Horiguchi)
       </para>

       <para>
        Relations larger than <xref linkend="guc-wal-skip-threshold"/>
        will have their files fsync'ed rather than generating
        <acronym>WAL</acronym>.  Previously this was done only for
        <command>COPY</command> operations, but the implementation had a bug
        that could cause data loss during crash recovery.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-28 [8f3ec75de] Enable Unix-domain sockets support on Windows
-->

       <para>
        Enable <link linkend="client-authentication">Unix-domain sockets</link>
        support on Windows (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-21 [e6d806952] Make DROP DATABASE command generate less WAL records.
-->

       <para>
        Improve the performance when replaying <link
        linkend="sql-dropdatabase"><command>DROP DATABASE</command></link>
        commands when many tablespaces are in use (Fujii Masao)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-09-24 [6d05086c0] Speedup truncations of relation forks.
-->

       <para>
        Improve performance for <link linkend="sql-truncate">truncation</link>
        of very large relations (Kirk Jamison)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2019-10-01 [11a078cf8] Optimize partial TOAST decompression
-->

       <para>
        Improve speed of <link
        linkend="storage-toast"><acronym>TOAST</acronym></link> decompression
        and the retrieval of only the leading bytes of <acronym>TOAST</acronym>
        values (Binguo Bao, Andrey Borodin)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, <acronym>TOAST</acronym> values were fully fetched and
        only the requested leading bytes were decompressed and returned.
        Now, only the requested bytes are fetched.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-09-10 [bca6e6435] Reduce overhead of scanning the backend[] array in LISTE
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-09-22 [51004c717] Make some efficiency improvements in LISTEN/NOTIFY.
-->

       <para>
        Improve performance of <link
        linkend="sql-listen"><command>LISTEN</command></link>/<command>NOTIFY</command>
        (Martijn van Oosterhout)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-08-15 [bb5ae8f6c] Use a hash table to de-duplicate NOTIFY events faster.
-->

       <para>
        Improve the efficiency of removing duplicate <link
        linkend="sql-notify"><command>NOTIFY</command></link> events (Tom Lane)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Gierth <rhodiumtoad@postgresql.org>
2020-02-01 [1fd687a03] Optimizations for integer to decimal output.
-->

       <para>
        Use lookup tables to speed up integer to text conversion (David Fetter)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-07-10 [b5810de3f] Reduce memory consumption for multi-statement query stri
-->

       <para>
        Reduce memory usage for query strings that contain multiple
        <acronym>SQL</acronym> statements (Amit Langote)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Monitoring</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2020-04-05 [6b466bf5f] Allow pg_stat_statements to track WAL usage statistics.
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2020-04-06 [33e05f89c] Add the option to report WAL usage in EXPLAIN and auto_e
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2020-04-06 [b7ce6de93] Allow autovacuum to log WAL usage statistics.
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="sql-explain"><command>EXPLAIN</command></link>,
        <xref linkend="auto-explain"/>, <link
        linkend="autovacuum">autovacuum</link>, and <xref
        linkend="pgstatstatements"/> to track <acronym>WAL</acronym> usage
        statistics (Kirill Bychik, Julien Rouhaud)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2019-11-06 [6e3e6cc0e] Allow sampling of statements depending on duration
-->

       <para>
        Allow a sample of statements to be logged (Adrien Nayrat)
       </para>

       <para>
        A <xref linkend="guc-log-statement-sample-rate"/> ratio of statements
        taking over <xref linkend="guc-log-min-duration-sample"/> duration
        will be logged.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-15 [70a7b4776] Add backend type to csvlog and optionally log_line_prefi
-->

       <para>
        Add the backend type to <link
        linkend="runtime-config-logging">csvlog</link> and optionally <xref
        linkend="guc-log-line-prefix"/> log output (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-12-11 [ba79cb5dc] Emit parameter values during query bind/execute errors
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-02 [0b34e7d30] Improve user control over truncation of logged bind-para
-->

       <para>
        Improve control of prepared statement parameter logging (Alexey
        Bashtanov, &Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>

       <para>
        The <acronym>GUC</acronym> setting <xref
        linkend="guc-log-parameter-max-length"/> controls the maximum length
        of parameter values output during statement non-error logging, and
        <xref linkend="guc-log-parameter-max-length-on-error"/> does the
        same for error statement logging.  Previously, prepared statement
        parameters were not logged during errors.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-02-05 [15d13e829] Make vacuum buffer counters 64 bits wide
-->

       <para>
        Make <link linkend="sql-vacuum">vacuum</link> buffer counters 64-bits
        wide to avoid overflow (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-11-08 [71a8a4f6e] Add backtrace support for error reporting
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-07-10 [8ff4d1277] Log the location field before any backtrace
-->

       <para>
        Allow function call backtraces of errors to be logged (Peter
        Eisentraut, &Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
       </para>

       <para>
        Server variable <xref linkend="guc-backtrace-functions"/> specifies
        which C functions should generate backtraces on error.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-07-05 [313f87a17] Add min() and max() aggregates for pg_lsn
-->

       <para>
        Add <function>min()</function> and
        <function>max()</function> aggregates for <link
        linkend="datatype-pg-lsn"><type>pg_lsn</type></link> (Fabr&iacute;zio
        de Royes Mello)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is useful for monitoring queries.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>System Views</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-02-06 [b025f32e0] Add leader_pid to pg_stat_activity
-->

       <para>
        Add <structfield>leader_pid</structfield> to <xref
        linkend="pg-stat-activity-view"/> to report parallel worker ownership
        (Julien Rouhaud)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-03 [e65497df8] Report progress of streaming base backup.
-->

       <para>
        Add system view <link
        linkend="basebackup-progress-reporting"><structname>pg_stat_progress_basebackup</structname></link>
        to report the progress of streaming base backups (Fujii Masao)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-01-15 [a166d408e] Report progress of ANALYZE commands
-->

       <para>
        Add system view <link
        linkend="monitoring-stats-dynamic-views-table"><structname>pg_stat_progress_analyze</structname></link>
        to report <link linkend="sql-analyze">analyze</link> progress
        (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera, Tatsuro Yamada, Vinayak Pokale)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-01-09 [ed10f32e3] Add pg_shmem_allocations view.
-->

       <para>
        Add system view <link
        linkend="view-pg-shmem-allocations"><structname>pg_shmem_allocations</structname></link>
        to display shared memory usage (Andres Freund, Robert Haas)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@postgresql.org>
2020-04-02 [28cac71bd] Collect statistics about SLRU caches
-->

       <para>
        Create <link
        linkend="monitoring-stats-views-table"><structname>pg_stat_slru</structname></link>
        system view to monitor internal <acronym>SLRU</acronym> caches
        (Tomas Vondra)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-01-07 [814727858] Increase the maximum value of track_activity_query_size.
-->

       <para>
        Allow <xref linkend="guc-track-activity-query-size"/> to be set up
        to 1MB (Vyacheslav Makarov)
       </para>

       <para>
        The previous maximum was 100kB.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="wait-event-table">Wait Events</link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-01-31 [ef02fb15a] Report time spent in posix_fallocate() as a wait event.
-->

       <para>
        Add wait event for <function>posix_fallocate()</function> (Thomas
        Munro)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
2020-03-23 [cedffbdb8] Report wait event for cost-based vacuum delay.
-->

       <para>
        Add wait event VacuumDelay to report on cost-based vacuum delay
        (Justin Pryzby)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-24 [b8e20d6da] Add wait events for WAL archive and recovery pause.
-->

       <para>
        Add wait events for <acronym>WAL</acronym> archive and recovery pause
        (Fujii Masao)
       </para>

       <para>
        The new events are BackupWaitWalArchive and RecoveryPause.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-04-03 [18808f8c8] Add wait events for recovery conflicts.
-->

       <para>
        Add  wait events RecoveryConflictSnapshot and
        RecoveryConflictTablespace to monitor recovery conflicts (Masahiko
        Sawada)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-02-05 [815c2f097] Add kqueue(2) support to the WaitEventSet API.
-->

       <para>
        Improve performance of wait events on <acronym>BSD</acronym>-based
        systems (Thomas Munro)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><acronym>Authentication</acronym></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-09 [d9249441e] Mark ssl_passphrase_command as GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY.
-->

       <para>
        Only allow superusers to view the <xref
        linkend="guc-ssl-passphrase-command"/> setting (Insung Moon)
       </para>

       <para>
        This was changed as a security precaution.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-12-04 [b1abfec82] Update minimum SSL version
-->

       <para>
        Change the server's default minimum <acronym>TLS</acronym> version
        for encrypted connections from 1.0 to 1.2 (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is controlled by <xref linkend="guc-ssl-min-protocol-version"/>.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title>Server Configuration</title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-01-16 [2eb34ac36] Fix problems with "read only query" checks, and refactor
-->

       <para>
        Tighten rules on which utility commands are possible in <xref
        linkend="guc-default-transaction-read-only"/> mode (Robert Haas)
       </para>

       <para>
        This also increases the number of utility commands that can run in
        parallel queries.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-11-29 [c4a7a392e] Make allow_system_table_mods settable at run time
-->

       <para>
        Allow <xref linkend="guc-allow-system-table-mods"/> to be changed
        after server start (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-11-29 [508bf95b7] Remove any-user DML capability from allow_system_table_m
-->

       <para>
        Disallow non-superusers from modifying system tables when <xref
        linkend="guc-allow-system-table-mods"/> is set (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>

       <para>
        Previously, if <xref linkend="guc-allow-system-table-mods"/>
        was set at server start, non-superusers could issue
        <command>INSERT</command>/<command>UPDATE</command>/<command>DELETE</command>
        commands on system tables.
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Streaming Replication and Recovery</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-03-27 [1e6148032] Allow walreceiver configuration to change on reload
-->

      <para>
       Allow streaming replication configuration settings to be changed by
       reload (Sergei Kornilov)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously, a server restart was required to change
       <xref linkend="guc-primary-conninfo"/> and <xref
       linkend="guc-primary-slot-name"/>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-01-14 [329730827] walreceiver uses a temporary replication slot by default
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-03-27 [092c6936d] Set wal_receiver_create_temp_slot PGC_POSTMASTER
-->

      <para>
       Allow <acronym>WAL</acronym> receivers use a temporary replication slot
       if a permanent one is not specified (Peter Eisentraut, Sergei Kornilov)
      </para>

      <para>
       This behavior can be enabled using <xref
       linkend="guc-wal-receiver-create-temp-slot"/>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-04-07 [c65507763] Allow users to limit storage reserved by replication slo
-->

      <para>
       Allow replication slot storage to be limited by <xref
       linkend="guc-max-slot-wal-keep-size"/> (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
      </para>

      <para>
       Replication slots that exceed this value are invalidated.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-24 [496ee647e] Prefer standby promotion over recovery pause.
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="guc-promote-trigger-file">standby promotion</link>
       to cancel any requested pause (Fujii Masao)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously, promotion could not happen while the standby was in
       paused state.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-01-29 [dc788668b] Fail if recovery target is not reached
-->

      <para>
       Generate an error if recovery does not reach the specified <link
       linkend="runtime-config-wal-recovery-target">recovery target</link>
       (Leif Gunnar Erlandsen, Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously, the end of the <acronym>WAL</acronym> would promote the
       standby, even if the target was not reached.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2019-11-19 [cec2edfa7] Add logical_decoding_work_mem to limit ReorderBuffer mem
-->

      <para>
       Allow control over how much memory is used by logical decoding before
       it is spilled to disk (Tomas Vondra, Dilip Kumar, Amit Kapila)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is controlled by <xref linkend="guc-logical-decoding-work-mem"/>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-01-22 [41c184bc6] Add GUC ignore_invalid_pages.
-->

      <para>
       Allow <acronym>WAL</acronym> recovery to continue even if invalid
       pages are referenced (Fujii Masao)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is enabled using <xref linkend="guc-ignore-invalid-pages"/>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Utility Commands</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2020-01-20 [40d964ec9] Allow vacuum command to process indexes in parallel.
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-vacuum"><command>VACUUM</command></link>
       to process indexes in parallel (Masahiko Sawada, Amit Kapila)
      </para>

      <para>
       The new <literal>PARALLEL</literal> option controls this.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-04-07 [357889eb1] Support FETCH FIRST WITH TIES
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-limit"><command>FETCH FIRST</command></link>
       to use <literal>WITH TIES</literal> to return any additional rows
       that match the last result row (Surafel Temesgen)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-04-04 [ce77abe63] Include information on buffer usage during planning phas
-->

      <para>
       Report planning-time buffer usage in <link
       linkend="sql-explain"><command>EXPLAIN</command></link>'s
       <literal>BUFFER</literal> output (Julien Rouhaud)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-10 [cacef1722] Ensure that CREATE TABLE LIKE copies any NO INHERIT cons
-->

      <para>
       Have <link linkend="sql-createtable"><command>CREATE TABLE
       LIKE</command></link> propagate <literal>CHECK</literal>'s <literal>NO
       INHERIT</literal> property to created tables (Ildar Musin, Chris
       Travers)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-02-18 [b7e51b350] Make inherited LOCK TABLE perform access permission chec
-->

      <para>
       When using <link linkend="sql-lock"><command>LOCK
       TABLE</command></link> on a partitioned table, do not check permissions
       on the child tables (Amit Langote)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-31 [de3bbfcc9] Fix INSERT OVERRIDING USER VALUE behavior
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-insert"><literal>OVERRIDING USER
       VALUE</literal></link> on inserts into identity columns (Dean Rasheed)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-01-14 [f595117e2] ALTER TABLE ... ALTER COLUMN ... DROP EXPRESSION
-->

      <para>
       Add <link linkend="sql-altertable"><command>ALTER
       TABLE</command></link> clause <literal>DROP EXPRESSION</literal>
       to remove generated properties from columns (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-01-15 [1281a5c90] Restructure ALTER TABLE execution to fix assorted bugs.
-->

      <para>
       Fix bugs in <command>ALTER TABLE</command> when later clauses overlap
       changes made by earlier clauses in the same command (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-21 [30840c92a] Allow ALTER VIEW command to rename the column in the vie
-->

      <para>
       Add <link linkend="sql-alterview"><command>ALTER VIEW</command></link>
       syntax to rename view columns (Fujii Masao)
      </para>

      <para>
       This was previously possible only using <command>ALTER TABLE RENAME
       COLUMN</command>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-06 [fe30e7ebf] Allow ALTER TYPE to change some properties of a base typ
-->

      <para>
       Add <link linkend="sql-altertype"><command>ALTER TYPE</command></link>
       options useful for extensions, like <acronym>TOAST</acronym> and I/O
       functions control (Tomas Vondra, Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-07-23 [06140c201] Add CREATE DATABASE LOCALE option
-->

      <para>
       Add <link linkend="sql-createdatabase"><command>CREATE
       DATABASE</command></link> <literal>LOCALE</literal> option (Peter
       Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       This combines existing options <literal>LC_COLLATE</literal> and
       <literal>LC_CTYPE</literal> into a single option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2019-11-13 [1379fd537] Introduce the 'force' option for the Drop Database comma
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-dropdatabase"><command>DROP
       DATABASE</command></link> to disconnect users so drop succeeds (Pavel
       Stehule, Amit Kapila)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is enabled by <literal>WITH FORCE</literal>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-09 [71d60e2aa] Add tg_updatedcols to TriggerData
-->

      <para>
       Add C structure member <link
       linkend="trigger-interface"><structfield>tg_updatedcols</structfield></link>
       to record updated columns to C triggers (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Data Types</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-19 [24e2885ee] Introduce "anycompatible" family of polymorphic types.
-->

      <para>
       Add polymorphic data types for use by functions requiring compatible
       arguments (Pavel Stehule)
      </para>

      <para>
       The new data types are <link
       linkend="datatype-pseudotypes-table">anycompatible</link>,
       anycompatiblearray, anycompatiblenonarray, and anycompatiblerange.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-04-07 [aeec457de] Add SQL type xid8 to expose FullTransactionId to users.
-->

      <para>
       Add <acronym>SQL</acronym> data type <link
       linkend="datatype-oid">xid8</link> to expose FullTransactionId
       (Thomas Munro)
      </para>

      <para>
       The xid data type is only four bytes so does not show the transaction
       epoch.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-03-18 [a2b1faa0f] Implement type regcollation
-->

      <para>
       Add data type <link linkend="datatype-oid">regcollation</link> and
       helper functions for system collations (Julien Rouhaud)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2019-10-16 [d5ac14f9c] Use libc version as a collation version on glibc systems
-->

      <para>
       Use the glibc version in some cases as the <link
       linkend="collation">collation</link> version (Thomas Munro)
      </para>

      <para>
       If the glibc version changes, a warning will be issued when a
       mismatching collation is used.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-03-25 [352f6f2df] Add collation versions for Windows.
-->

      <para>
       Add support for collation versions on Windows (Thomas Munro)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-10-28 [8b7a0f1d1] Allow extracting fields from a ROW() expression in more
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="rowtypes"><literal>ROW</literal> values</link>
       values to have their members extracted with suffix notation (Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       For example, <literal>(ROW(4, 5.0)).f1</literal> returns 4.
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Functions</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2020-01-17 [a83586b55] Add a non-strict version of jsonb_set
-->

      <para>
       Add alternate version of <link
       linkend="functions-json-processing-table"><function>jsonb_setI()</function></link>
       with special <literal>NULL</literal> handling (Andrew Dunstan)
      </para>

      <para>
       The new function, <function>jsonb_set_lax()</function>, allows null
       new values to either set the specified key to <acronym>JSON</acronym>
       null, delete the key, raise exception, or ignore the operation.
       IS 'return_target' CLEAR?
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-09-25 [bffe1bd68] Implement jsonpath .datetime() method
-->

      <para>
       Add jsonpath <link
       linkend="functions-sqljson-path-operators">.<function>datetime()</function></link>
       method (Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov, Alexander
       Korotkov)
      </para>

      <para>
       This allows json values to be converted to timestamps, which can
       then be processed in jsonpath expressions.  This also adds jsonpath
       functions that support time zone-aware output.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-04-02 [2991ac5fc] Add SQL functions for Unicode normalization
-->

      <para>
       Add <acronym>SQL</acronym> functions <link
       linkend="functions-string-sql"><literal>NORMALIZE</literal>()</link>
       to normalize Unicode strings, and <link
       linkend="collation-nondeterministic"><literal>IS
       NORMALIZED</literal></link> to check for normalization (Peter
       Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-06 [a6525588b] Allow Unicode escapes in any server encoding, not only U
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-syntax-strings-uescape">Unicode
       escapes</link>, e.g., E'\u####', U&amp;'\####', to specify any
       character available in the database encoding, even when the database
       encoding is not <acronym>UTF</acronym>-8 (Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       The Unicode characters must be available in the database encoding.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-03 [d67755049] Allow to_date/to_timestamp to recognize non-English mont
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link
       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_date()</function></link>
       and <function>to_timestamp()</function> to recognize non-English
       month/day names (Juan Jos&eacute; Santamar&iacute;a Flecha, Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       The names recognized are the same as those output by <link
       linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_char()</function></link>
       with the same format codes.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-09-16 [d589f9446] Support for FF1-FF6 datetime format patterns
-->

      <para>
       Add format specifications FF1-FF6 to control display of 1-6 subsecond
       digits (Alexander Korotkov, Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg
       Bartunov)
      </para>

      <para>
       These patterns can be used by <function>to_char()</function>,
       <function>to_timestamp()</function>, and jsonpath's
       .<function>datetime()</function>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-09-16 [b64b857f5] Support for SSSSS datetime format pattern
-->

      <para>
       Add <literal>SSSSS</literal> time format specification as an
       <acronym>SQL</acronym> standard alias for <literal>SSSS</literal>
       (Nikita Glukhov, Alexander Korotkov)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-07-14 [5925e5549] Add gen_random_uuid function
-->

      <para>
       Add function <link
       linkend="functions-uuid"><function>gen_random_uuid()</function></link>
       to generate version 4 UUIDs (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously <acronym>UUID</acronym> generation functions were only
       available via external modules <xref linkend="uuid-ossp"/> and <xref
       linkend="pgcrypto"/>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
2020-01-25 [13661ddd7] Add functions gcd() and lcm() for integer and numeric ty
-->

      <para>
       Add greatest-common-denominator (<link
       linkend="functions-math-func-table">gcd</link>) and
       least-common-multiple (lcm) functions (Vik Fearing)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
2020-03-01 [43a899f41] Fix corner-case loss of precision in numeric ln().
Author: Dean Rasheed <dean.a.rasheed@gmail.com>
2020-03-28 [4083f445c] Improve the performance and accuracy of numeric sqrt() a
-->

      <para>
       Improve the performance and accuracy of <link
       linkend="functions-math-func-table">square root</link> and natural log
       (ln) output (Dean Rasheed)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-01-06 [20d6225d1] Add functions min_scale(numeric) and trim_scale(numeric)
-->

      <para>
       Add function <link
       linkend="functions-math-func-table"><function>min_scale()</function></link>
       that returns the number of digits to the right the decimal point
       that is required to represent the numeric value with full precision
       (Pavel Stehule)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-01-06 [20d6225d1] Add functions min_scale(numeric) and trim_scale(numeric)
-->

      <para>
       Add function <link
       linkend="functions-math-func-table"><function>trim_scale()</function></link>
       to reduce the scale of a number by removing trailing zeros (Pavel
       Stehule)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2019-07-14 [6254c55f8] Add missing commutators for distance operators
-->

      <para>
       Add commutators of <link linkend="functions-geometry-op-table">distance
       operators</link> (Nikita Glukhov)
      </para>

      <para>
       For example, previously only point &lt;-&gt; line was supported,
       now line &lt;-&gt; point works too.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2020-04-07 [4c04be9b0] Introduce xid8-based functions to replace txid_XXX.
-->

      <para>
       Create xid8 versions of all <link
       linkend="functions-pg-snapshot">transaction id functions</link>
       (Thomas Munro)
      </para>

      <para>
       The old function names were kept for backward compatibility.  DO WE
       HAVE NEW NAMES?
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-07 [26a944cf2] Adjust bytea get_bit/set_bit to use int8 not int4 for bi
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link
       linkend="functions-binarystring-other"><function>get_bit()</function></link>
       and <function>set_bit()</function> to set bits beyond 256MB of bytea
       data (Movead Li)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-08-01 [4886da832] Mark advisory-lock functions as parallel restricted, not
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="functions-advisory-locks">advisory-lock
       functions</link> to be used in some parallel operations (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-04-20 [5fc703946] Add ALTER .. NO DEPENDS ON
-->

      <para>
       Add the ability to remove an object's dependency on an extension
       (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
      </para>

      <para>
       The object can be a function, materialized view, index, or trigger.
       The syntax is <command>ALTER .. NO DEPENDS ON</command>.
      </para>
     </listitem>


    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title><link linkend="plpgsql">PL/pgSQL</link></title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-26 [8f59f6b9c] Improve performance of "simple expressions" in PL/pgSQL.
-->

      <para>
       Improve performance of simple PL/pgSQL expressions (Tom Lane,
       Amit Langote)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-11-22 [73b06cf89] Avoid taking a new snapshot for an immutable simple expr
-->

      <para>
       Improve the performance of PL/pgSQL functions that use immutable
       expressions (Konstantin Knizhnik)
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Client Interfaces</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Jeff Davis <jdavis@postgresql.org>
2019-09-23 [d6e612f83] Add libpq parameter 'channel_binding'.
-->

      <para>
       Allow libpq clients to require channel binding for encrypted
       connections (Jeff Davis)
      </para>

      <para>
       Using the libpq connection parameter <link
       linkend="libpq-connect-channel-binding"><literal>channel_binding</literal></link>
       forces the other end of the <acronym>TLS</acronym> connection to prove
       it knows the user's password.  This prevents man-in-the-middle attacks.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-01-28 [ff8ca5fad] Add connection parameters to control SSL protocol min/ma
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-04-30 [401aad670] Rename connection parameters to control min/max SSL prot
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-06-27 [16412c784] Change libpq's default ssl_min_protocol_version to TLSv1
-->

      <para>
       Add libpq connection parameters to control the min/max
       <acronym>TLS</acronym> version for encrypted connections
       (Daniel Gustafsson)
      </para>

      <para>
       The settings are <xref
       linkend="libpq-connect-ssl-min-protocol-version"/> and <xref
       linkend="libpq-connect-ssl-max-protocol-version"/>.
       By default, the minimum <acronym>TLS</acronym> version is 1.2
       (this represents a behavioral change from previous releases).
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-05 [2eb3bc588] Fix issues around .pgpass file.
-->

      <para>
       Tighten libpq's overlength-line handling and comment detection for <link
       linkend="libpq-pgpass">.pgpass</link> files (Fujii Masao)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2019-11-30 [4dc635521] libq support for sslpassword connection param,  DER form
-->

      <para>
       Allow specification of passwords to unlock client certificates (Craig
       Ringer, Andrew Dunstan)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is specified by the <xref linkend="libpq-connect-sslpassword"/>
       connection option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2019-11-30 [4dc635521] libq support for sslpassword connection param,  DER form
-->

      <para>
       Allow <acronym>DER</acronym>-encoded client certificates (Craig Ringer,
       Andrew Dunstan)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-08-03 [44cd434ec] Fix behavior of ecpg's "EXEC SQL elif name".
-->

      <para>
       Fix <application>ecpg</application>'s <literal>EXEC SQL
       elif</literal> directive to work correctly (Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously it behaved the same as <literal>endif</literal> followed
       by <literal>ifdef</literal>, so that a successful previous branch
       of the same <literal>if</literal> construct did not prevent
       expansion of the <literal>elif</literal> branch or following
       branches.
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Client Applications</title>

    <sect4>
     <title><xref linkend="app-psql"/></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-02-12 [dcdbb5a5d] Add %x to default PROMPT1 and PROMPT2 in psql
-->

       <para>
        Add the transaction status (%x) to the default <link
        linkend="app-psql-prompting"><application>psql</application>
        prompts</link> (Vik Fearing)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2019-11-19 [7f338369c] Allow invisible PROMPT2 in psql.
-->

       <para>
        Allow the secondary <application>psql</application> prompt to be same
        number of spaces as the primary prompt (Thomas Munro)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is accomplished by setting PROMPT2 to %w.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-07 [b63c293bc] Allow psql's \g and \gx commands to transiently change \
-->

       <para>
        Allow <link linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\g</link> and \gx to
        change any <link linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\pset</link> output
        options for a single command (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows syntax like \g (expand=on), which is equivalent to \gx.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alexander Korotkov <akorotkov@postgresql.org>
2020-03-08 [b0b5e20cd] Show opclass and opfamily related information in psql
-->

       <para>
        Add <application>psql</application> commands to report operator
        classes and operator families (Sergey Cherkashin, Nikita Glukhov,
        Alexander Korotkov)
       </para>

       <para>
        The new commands are <link
        linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\dAc</link>, \dAf, \dAo, and \dAp.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-07-03 [9a2ea6183] Show table persistence in psql's \dt+ and related comman
-->

       <para>
        Show table persistence in <application>psql</application>'s <link
        linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\dt+</link> and related commands
        (David Fetter)
       </para>

       <para>
        In verbose mode, the table/index/view shows if the object is permanent,
        temporary, or unlogged.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-07-23 [eb5472da9] Improve psql's \d output for TOAST tables.
-->

       <para>
        Improve output of <application>psql</application> <link
        linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\d</link> for <acronym>TOAST</acronym>
        tables (Justin Pryzby)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-11-22 [d1c866e57] Make psql redisplay the query buffer after \e.
-->

       <para>
        Adjust display of <application>psql</application>'s <link
        linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\e</link> query (Tom Lane)
       </para>

       <para>
        When exiting the editor, if the query doesn't end with a semicolon
        or \g, the query buffer contents will now be displayed.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-07-05 [02e95a504] Add \warn command to psql.
-->

       <para>
        Add <link linkend="app-psql-meta-commands">\warn</link> command to
        <application>psql</application> (David Fetter)
       </para>

       <para>
        This is like \echo except that the text is sent to stderr instead
        of stdout.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-02-28 [1933ae629] Add PostgreSQL home page to - -help output
-->

       <para>
        Add the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> home page to command-line
        <option>--help</option> output (Peter Eisentraut)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

    <sect4>
     <title><link linkend="pgbench"><application>pgbench</application></link></title>

     <itemizedlist>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2019-10-03 [b1c1aa531] pgbench: add - -partitions and - -partition-method options
-->

       <para>
        Allow pgbench to partition its 'accounts' table (Fabien Coelho)
       </para>

       <para>
        This allows performance testing of partitioning.
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-04-03 [9d8ef9880] Add support for \aset in pgbench
-->

       <para>
        Add pgbench command \aset, which behaves like \gset, but for multiple
        queries (Fabien Coelho)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-06 [a386942bd] Add "G" (server-side data generation) as an initializati
-->

       <para>
        Allow pgbench to generate its data server-side, rather than client side
        (Fabien Coelho)
       </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
2019-07-16 [5823677ac] Provide pgbench - -show-script to dump built-in scripts.
-->

       <para>
        Allow pgbench to dump script contents using
        <option>--show-script</option> (Fabien Coelho)
       </para>
      </listitem>

     </itemizedlist>

    </sect4>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Server Applications</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-04-03 [0d8c9c121] Generate backup manifests for base backups, and validate
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-04-12 [dbc60c559] Rename pg_validatebackup to pg_verifybackup.
-->

      <para>
       Generate backup manifests for base backups, and verify them (Robert
       Haas)
      </para>

      <para>
       A new tool <link
       linkend="app-pgverifybackup"><application>pg_verifybackup</application></link>
       can verify backups.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-19 [fab13dc50] Make pg_basebackup ask the server to estimate the total
-->

      <para>
       Have <link
       linkend="app-pgbasebackup"><application>pg_basebackup</application></link>
       estimate the total backup size by default (Fujii Masao)
      </para>

      <para>
       This computation allows <link
       linkend="monitoring-stats-dynamic-views-table"><structname>pg_stat_progress_basebackup</structname></link>
       to show progress, and can be disabled by using the
       <option>--no-estimate-size</option> option.  Previously, this
       computation happened only if <option>--progress</option> was used.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-09-30 [927474ce1] pg_rewind: Allow writing recovery configuration
-->

      <para>
       Add <link
       linkend="app-pgrewind"><application>pg_rewind</application></link>
       option to configure standbys (Paul Guo, Jimmy Yih, Ashwin Agrawal)
      </para>

      <para>
       This matches <link
       linkend="app-pgbasebackup"><application>pg_basebackup</application></link>'s
       <option>--write-recovery-conf</option> option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-04-01 [a7e8ece41] Add -c/- -restore-target-wal to pg_rewind
-->

      <para>
       Allow <application>pg_rewind</application> to use the target
       cluster's <xref linkend="guc-restore-command"/> to retrieve needed
       <acronym>WAL</acronym> (Alexey Kondratov)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is enabled using the
       <option>-c</option>/<option>--restore-target-wal</option> option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2019-09-27 [5adafaf17] Have pg_rewind run crash recovery before rewinding
-->

      <para>
       Have <application>pg_rewind</application> automatically run crash
       recovery before rewinding (Paul Guo, Jimmy Yih, Ashwin Agrawal)
      </para>

      <para>
       This can be disabled by using <option>--no-ensure-shutdown</option>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2019-11-13 [7b8a899bd] Make pg_waldump report more detail information about PRE
-->

      <para>
       Increase <link linkend="sql-prepare-transaction"><command>PREPARE
       TRANSACTION</command></link> information reported by
       <application>pg_waldump</application> (Fujii Masao)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Robert Haas <rhaas@postgresql.org>
2020-04-02 [ac44367ef] pg_waldump: Add a - -quiet option.
-->

      <para>
       Add <link
       linkend="pgwaldump"><application>pg_waldump</application></link>
       option <option>--quiet</option> to suppress non-error output (Andres
       Freund, Robert Haas)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-03-25 [2f9eb3132] pg_dump: Allow dumping data of specific foreign servers
-->

      <para>
       Add <link
       linkend="app-pgdump"><application>pg_dump</application></link>
       option <option>--include-foreign-data</option> to dump data from
       foreign servers (Luis Carril)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2020-01-29 [47bc9ced0] Add - -parallel option to vacuumdb command.
-->

      <para>
       Allow vacuum commands run by <link
       linkend="app-vacuumdb">vacuumdb</link> to operate in parallel mode
       (Masahiko Sawada)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is enabled with the new <option>--parallel</option> option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-07-27 [5ab892c39] Add support for - -jobs in reindexdb
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="app-reindexdb">reindexdb</link> to operate in
       parallel (Julien Rouhaud)
      </para>

      <para>
       Parallel mode is enabled with the new <option>--jobs</option> option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Amit Kapila <akapila@postgresql.org>
2019-11-20 [80e05a088] Add the support for '-f' option in dropdb utility.
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="app-dropdb">dropdb</link> to force disconnections
       so the drop succeeds (Pavel Stehule)
      </para>

      <para>
       This is enabled with the <option>-f</option> option.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-10-23 [4fa5edcd1] Remove last traces of - -adduser/- -no-adduser in createus
-->

      <para>
       Remove <option>--adduser</option> and <option>--no-adduser</option>
       from <link linkend="app-createuser">createuser</link> (Alexander
       Lakhin)
      </para>

      <para>
       The long-supported options for this are called
       <option>--superuser</option> and <option>--no-superuser</option>.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-07-27 [959f6d6a1] pg_upgrade: Default new bindir to pg_upgrade location
-->

      <para>
       Use the directory of the <link
       linkend="pgupgrade"><application>pg_upgrade</application></link>
       binary as the default new 'bindir' location when running
       <application>pg_upgrade</application> (Daniel Gustafsson)
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Documentation</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
2020-04-03 [347d2b07f] Add a glossary to the documentation
-->

      <para>
       Add a <link linkend="glossary">glossary</link> to the documentation
       (Corey Huinker, J&uuml;rgen Purtz, Roger Harkavy, &Aacute;lvaro
       Herrera)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-12 [e894c6183] Doc: introduce new layout for tables of functions and op
-->

      <para>
       Reformat tables containing <link linkend="functions">function
       information</link> for better clarity (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-08-13 [416c75cf3] Update to DocBook 4.5
-->

      <para>
       Upgrade to use <link linkend="docguide-docbook">DocBook 4.5</link>
       (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Source Code</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-07-02 [2b1394fc2] Add support for Visual Studio 2019 in build scripts
-->

      <para>
       Add support for building on Visual Studio 2019 (Haribabu Kommi)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-12-19 [e975c1a60] Add support for MSYS2
-->

      <para>
       Add build support for MSYS2 (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
2019-10-18 [30ee5d17c] For all ppc compilers, implement compare_exchange and fe
-->

      <para>
       Add compare_exchange and fetch_add assembly language code for Power
       PC compilers (Noah Misch)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-07-04 [7b925e127] Sync our Snowball stemmer dictionaries with current upst
-->

      <para>
       Update <link linkend="textsearch-snowball-dictionary">Snowball
       stemmer</link> dictionaries used by full text search (Panagiotis
       Mavrogiorgos)
      </para>

      <para>
       This adds Greek stemming and improves Danish and French stemming.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-02-19 [e2e02191e] Clean up some code, comments and docs referring to Windo
-->

      <para>
       Remove support for Windows 2000 (Michael Paquier)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-07-01 [c72f9b950] Remove support for non-ELF BSD systems
-->

      <para>
       Remove support for non-<acronym>ELF</acronym> <acronym>BSD</acronym>
       systems (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-01-08 [37f21ed13] Remove support for Python older than 2.6
-->

      <para>
       Remove <link linkend="plpython">support</link> for Python versions
       2.5.X and earlier (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2020-01-06 [7b283d0e1] Remove support for OpenSSL 0.9.8 and 1.0.0
-->

      <para>
       Remove <link linkend="install-short">support</link> for OpenSSL 0.9.8
       and 1.0.0 (Michael Paquier)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-11-27 [4513d8b07] Move configure - -disable-float8-byval to pg_config_manua
-->

      <para>
       Remove <link linkend="install-short">support</link> option
       <option>--disable-float8-byval</option> (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       This was needed for previously supported version-zero functions.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-11-21 [2e4db241b] Remove configure - -disable-float4-byval
-->

      <para>
       Remove configure option <option>--disable-float4-byval</option>
       (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       This was needed for previously supported version-zero functions.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-03-30 [6aba63ef3] Allow the planner-related functions and hook to accept t
-->

      <para>
       Add the query string to planner hook functions (Pascal Legrand,
       Julien Rouhaud)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Joe Conway <mail@joeconway.com>
2019-11-23 [f7a2002e8] Add object TRUNCATE hook
-->

      <para>
       Add <link linkend="sql-truncate"><command>TRUNCATE</command></link>
       command hook (Yuli Khodorkovskiy)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2020-03-25 [896fcdb23] Provide a TLS init hook
-->

      <para>
       Add <acronym>TLS</acronym> init hook (Andrew Dunstan)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2020-01-31 [a9cff89f7] Allow building without default socket directory
-->

      <para>
       Allow building with no predefined Unix-domain socket directory
       (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-09-05 [7de19fbc0] Use data directory inode number, not port, to select Sys
-->

      <para>
       Reduce the probability of SysV resource key collision on Unix platforms
       (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
2019-09-05 [74a308cf5] Use explicit_bzero
-->

      <para>
       Use operating system functions to cleanly erase memory that contains
       sensitive information (Peter Eisentraut)
      </para>

      <para>
       For example, this is used for clearing passwords stored in memory.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-08-19 [55ea10918] Add "headerscheck" script to test header-file compilabil
-->

      <para>
       Add "headerscheck" script to test C header-file compatibility
       (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2019-07-15 [1cff1b95a] Represent Lists as expansible arrays, not chains of cons
-->

      <para>
       Implement internal lists as arrays, rather than a chain of structures
       (Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       This improves performance for queries that access many object.
       The internal List <acronym>API</acronym> has also been improved.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-07-13 [39aadc984] Fix some inconsistencies in MSVC scripts
-->

      <para>
       Update <link linkend="install-windows">Windows build scripts</link>
       to use the modern <option>--with-uuid</option> flag for
       <acronym>UUID</acronym> libraries (Kyotaro Horiguchi)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-07-24 [92fe6895d] Fix assorted bugs by changing TS_execute's callback API
2020-07-24 [70eca6a9a] Replace TS_execute's TS_EXEC_CALC_NOT flag with TS_EXEC_
-->

      <para>
       Change the API for <function>TS_execute()</function> (Tom Lane,
       Pavel Borisov)
      </para>

      <para>
       <function>TS_execute</function> callbacks must now provide ternary
       (yes/no/maybe) logic.  Calculating NOT queries accurately is now
       the default.
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

   <sect3>
    <title>Additional Modules</title>

    <itemizedlist>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-01-29 [50fc694e4] Invent "trusted" extensions, and remove the pg_pltemplat
-->

      <para>
       Allow <link linkend="sql-createextension">extensions</link> to be
       specified as trusted (Tom Lane)
      </para>

      <para>
       Such extensions can be installed in a database by users with creation
       rights, even if they are not superusers.  This change also removes
       the <structname>pg_pltemplate</structname> system catalog.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-02-19 [70a773200] Remove support for upgrading extensions from "unpackaged
-->

      <para>
       Remove support for upgrading "unpackaged" extensions (Tom Lane)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2019-12-20 [6136e94dc] Superuser can permit passwordless connections on postgre
-->

      <para>
       Allow non-superusers to connect to <xref linkend="postgres-fdw"/>
       foreign servers without using a password (Craig Ringer)
      </para>

      <para>
       Specifically, allow <link linkend="sql-alterusermapping"><command>ALTER
       USER MAPPING</command></link> to set
       <literal>password_required</literal> to false.  Care must still be
       taken to avoid non-superusers from using superuser credentials to
       connect to the foreign server.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
2020-01-09 [f5fd995a1] Allow 'sslkey' and 'sslcert' in postgres_fdw user mappin
-->

      <para>
       Allow <application>postgres_fdw</application> to use certificate
       authentication (Craig Ringer)
      </para>

      <para>
       Different users can use different certificates.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Joe Conway <mail@joeconway.com>
2019-11-23 [4f66c93f6] Update sepgsql to add mandatory access control for TRUNC
-->

      <para>
       Allow <xref linkend="sepgsql"/> to control access to the
       <command>TRUNCATE</command> command (Yuli Khodorkovskiy)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-06 [36058a3c5] Create contrib/bool_plperl to provide a bool transform f
-->

      <para>
       Add extension <link
       linkend="plperl"><application>bool_plperl</application></link>
       which transforms <acronym>SQL</acronym> booleans to/from PL/Perl
       booleans (Ivan Panchenko)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Gierth <rhodiumtoad@postgresql.org>
2019-07-14 [6e74c64bc] Teach pg_stat_statements not to ignore FOR UPDATE clause
-->

      <para>
       Have <xref linkend="pgstatstatements"/> treat <command>SELECT
       ... FOR UPDATE</command>  as distinct from those without <command>FOR
       UPDATE</command> (Andrew Gierth, Vik Fearing)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-04-02 [17e032822] Allow pg_stat_statements to track planning statistics.
2020-07-03 [8d459762b] Change default of pg_stat_statements.track_planning to o
-->

      <para>
       Allow <application>pg_stat_statements</application> to optionally
       track the planning time of statements (Julien Rouhaud, Pascal Legrand,
       Thomas Munro, Fujii Masao)
      </para>

      <para>
       Previously only execution time was tracked.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-31 [70dc4c509] Fix lquery's NOT handling, and add ability to quantify n
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-01 [17ca06799] Clean up parsing of ltree and lquery some more.
-->

      <para>
       Overhaul <xref linkend="ltree"/>'s lquery syntax to treat
       <literal>NOT</literal> (!) more logically (Filip Rembialkowski,
       Tom Lane, Nikita Glukhov)
      </para>

      <para>
       Also allow non-* queries to use a numeric range ({}) of matches.
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-04-01 [949a9f043] Add support for binary I/O of ltree, lquery, and ltxtque
-->

      <para>
       Add support for binary I/O of <xref linkend="ltree"/>, lquery, and
       ltxtquery types (Nino Floris)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
2020-03-08 [806eb92c0] Add an "absval" parameter to allow contrib/dict_int to i
-->

      <para>
       Add option to <xref linkend="dict-int"/> extension to ignore the sign
       of integers (Jeff Janes)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Fujii Masao <fujii@postgresql.org>
2020-01-24 [d694e0bb7] Add pg_file_sync() to adminpack extension.
-->

      <para>
       Add <xref linkend="adminpack"/> function
       <function>pg_file_sync()</function> to allow fsync'ing a file
       (Fujii Masao)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-09-12 [ddbd5d873] Add to pageinspect function to make t_infomask/t_infomas
Author: Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
2019-09-19 [58b4cb30a] Redesign pageinspect function printing infomask bits
-->

      <para>
       Add <xref linkend="pageinspect"/> functions to output
       <structfield>t_infomask</structfield>/<structfield>t_infomask2</structfield>
       values in human-readable format (Craig Ringer, Sawada Masahiko,
       Michael Paquier)
      </para>
     </listitem>

     <listitem>
<!--
Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
2020-02-29 [93ee38ead] Teach pageinspect about nbtree deduplication.
-->

      <para>
       Add btree index deduplication processing columns to pageinspect output
       (Peter Geoghegan)
      </para>
     </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>

   </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="release-13-acknowledgements">
   <title>Acknowledgments</title>

   <para>
    The following individuals (in alphabetical order) have contributed to this
    release as patch authors, committers, reviewers, testers, or reporters of
    issues.
   </para>

   <simplelist>
    <member>Adam Lee</member>
    <member>Adam Scott</member>
    <member>Adé Heyward</member>
    <member>Adrien Nayrat</member>
    <member>Ahsan Hadi</member>
    <member>Alastair McKinley</member>
    <member>Aleksandr Parfenov</member>
    <member>Alex Aktsipetrov</member>
    <member>Alex Macy</member>
    <member>Alex Shulgin</member>
    <member>Alexander Korotkov</member>
    <member>Alexander Kukushkin</member>
    <member>Alexander Kuzmenkov</member>
    <member>Alexander Lakhin</member>
    <member>Alexey Bashtanov</member>
    <member>Alexey Kondratov</member>
    <member>Álvaro Herrera</member>
    <member>Amit Kapila</member>
    <member>Amit Khandekar</member>
    <member>Amit Langote</member>
    <member>Amul Sul</member>
    <member>Anastasia Lubennikova</member>
    <member>Andreas Joseph Krogh</member>
    <member>Andreas Karlsson</member>
    <member>Andreas Kunert</member>
    <member>Andreas Seltenreich</member>
    <member>Andrei Zubkov</member>
    <member>Andres Freund</member>
    <member>Andrew Dunstan</member>
    <member>Andrew Gierth</member>
    <member>Andrey Borodin</member>
    <member>Andrey Klychkov</member>
    <member>Andrey Lepikhov</member>
    <member>Anna Akenteva</member>
    <member>Anna Endo</member>
    <member>Anthony Nowocien</member>
    <member>Anton Vlasov</member>
    <member>Antonin Houska</member>
    <member>Ants Aasma</member>
    <member>Arne Roland</member>
    <member>Arnold Müller</member>
    <member>Arseny Sher</member>
    <member>Arthur Nascimento</member>
    <member>Arthur Zakirov</member>
    <member>Asaba Takanori</member>
    <member>Ashutosh Bapat</member>
    <member>Ashutosh Sharma</member>
    <member>Ashwin Agrawal</member>
    <member>Asif Rehman</member>
    <member>Asim Praveen</member>
    <member>Atsushi Torikoshi</member>
    <member>Augustinas Jokubauskas</member>
    <member>Austin Drenski</member>
    <member>Basil Bourque</member>
    <member>Beena Emerson</member>
    <member>Ben Cornett</member>
    <member>Benjie Gillam</member>
    <member>Benoît Lobréau</member>
    <member>Bernd Helmle</member>
    <member>Bharath Rupireddy</member>
    <member>Bhargav Kamineni</member>
    <member>Binguo Bao</member>
    <member>Brad DeJong</member>
    <member>Brandur Leach</member>
    <member>Brent Bates</member>
    <member>Brian Williams</member>
    <member>Bruce Momjian</member>
    <member>Cameron Ezell</member>
    <member>Cary Huang</member>
    <member>Chapman Flack</member>
    <member>Charles Offenbacher</member>
    <member>Chen Huajun</member>
    <member>Chenyang Lu</member>
    <member>Chris Bandy</member>
    <member>Chris Travers</member>
    <member>Christoph Berg</member>
    <member>Christophe Courtois</member>
    <member>Corey Huinker</member>
    <member>Craig Ringer</member>
    <member>Cuiping Lin</member>
    <member>Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker</member>
    <member>Daniel Fiori</member>
    <member>Daniel Gustafsson</member>
    <member>Daniel Vérité</member>
    <member>Daniel Westermann</member>
    <member>Darafei Praliaskouski</member>
    <member>Daryl Waycott</member>
    <member>Dave Cramer</member>
    <member>David Christensen</member>
    <member>David Fetter</member>
    <member>David G. Johnston</member>
    <member>David Gilman</member>
    <member>David Harper</member>
    <member>David Rowley</member>
    <member>David Steele</member>
    <member>David Zhang</member>
    <member>Davinder Singh</member>
    <member>Dean Rasheed</member>
    <member>Denis Stuchalin</member>
    <member>Dent John</member>
    <member>Didier Gautheron</member>
    <member>Dilip Kumar</member>
    <member>Dmitry Belyavsky</member>
    <member>Dmitry Dolgov</member>
    <member>Dmitry Ivanov</member>
    <member>Dmitry Telpt</member>
    <member>Dmitry Uspenskiy</member>
    <member>Dominik Czarnota</member>
    <member>Dongming Liu</member>
    <member>Ed Morley</member>
    <member>Edmund Horner</member>
    <member>Emre Hasegeli</member>
    <member>Eric Gillum</member>
    <member>Erik Rijkers</member>
    <member>Erwin Brandstetter</member>
    <member>Ethan Waldo</member>
    <member>Etsuro Fujita</member>
    <member>Eugen Konkov</member>
    <member>Euler Taveira</member>
    <member>Fabien Coelho</member>
    <member>Fabrízio de Royes Mello</member>
    <member>Felix Lechner</member>
    <member>Filip Janus</member>
    <member>Filip Rembialkowski</member>
    <member>Frank Gagnepain</member>
    <member>Georgios Kokolatos</member>
    <member>Gilles Darold</member>
    <member>Greg Nancarrow</member>
    <member>Grigory Smolkin</member>
    <member>Guancheng Luo</member>
    <member>Guillaume Lelarge</member>
    <member>Hadi Moshayedi</member>
    <member>Haiying Tang</member>
    <member>Hamid Akhtar</member>
    <member>Hans Buschmann</member>
    <member>Haribabu Kommi</member>
    <member>Heath Lord</member>
    <member>Heikki Linnakangas</member>
    <member>Hironobu Suzuki</member>
    <member>Hugh McMaster</member>
    <member>Hugh Ranalli</member>
    <member>Hugh Wang</member>
    <member>Ian Barwick</member>
    <member>Ibrar Ahmed</member>
    <member>Ildar Musin</member>
    <member>Insung Moon</member>
    <member>Ireneusz Pluta</member>
    <member>Isaac Morland</member>
    <member>Ivan Kartyshov</member>
    <member>Ivan Panchenko</member>
    <member>Ivan Sergio Borgonovo</member>
    <member>Jaime Casanova</member>
    <member>James Coleman</member>
    <member>James Gray</member>
    <member>James Inform</member>
    <member>James Lucas</member>
    <member>Jaroslav Sivy</member>
    <member>Jeevan Chalke</member>
    <member>Jeevan Ladhe</member>
    <member>Jeff Davis</member>
    <member>Jeff Janes</member>
    <member>Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais</member>
    <member>Jeremy Schneider</member>
    <member>Jeremy Smith</member>
    <member>Jerry Sievers</member>
    <member>Jesper Pedersen</member>
    <member>Jesse Zhang</member>
    <member>Jian Zhang</member>
    <member>Jie Zhang</member>
    <member>Jim Nasby</member>
    <member>Jimmy Yih</member>
    <member>Jobin Augustine</member>
    <member>Joe Conway</member>
    <member>John Hsu</member>
    <member>John Naylor</member>
    <member>Jon Jensen</member>
    <member>Jonathan Katz</member>
    <member>Jorge Gustavo Rocha</member>
    <member>Josef Šimánek</member>
    <member>Joseph Nahmias</member>
    <member>Juan José Santamaría Flecha</member>
    <member>Julian Backes</member>
    <member>Julien Rouhaud</member>
    <member>Jürgen Purtz</member>
    <member>Justin King</member>
    <member>Justin Pryzby</member>
    <member>Karl O. Pinc</member>
    <member>Keisuke Kuroda</member>
    <member>Keith Fiske</member>
    <member>Ken Tanzer</member>
    <member>Kirill Bychik</member>
    <member>Kirk Jamison</member>
    <member>Konstantin Knizhnik</member>
    <member>Kuntal Ghosh</member>
    <member>Kyle Kingsbury</member>
    <member>Kyotaro Horiguchi</member>
    <member>Lars Kanis</member>
    <member>Laurenz Albe</member>
    <member>Leif Gunnar Erlandsen</member>
    <member>Li Japin</member>
    <member>Liudmila Mantrova</member>
    <member>Lucas Viecelli</member>
    <member>Luis M. Carril</member>
    <member>Lukáš Sobotka</member>
    <member>Maciek Sakrejda</member>
    <member>Magnus Hagander</member>
    <member>Mahadevan Ramachandran</member>
    <member>Mahendra Singh Thalor</member>
    <member>Manuel Rigger</member>
    <member>Marc Munro</member>
    <member>Marcos David</member>
    <member>Marina Polyakova</member>
    <member>Mark Dilger</member>
    <member>Mark Wong</member>
    <member>Marko Tiikkaja</member>
    <member>Markus Winand</member>
    <member>Marti Raudsepp</member>
    <member>Martijn van Oosterhout</member>
    <member>Masahiko Sawada</member>
    <member>Masahiro Ikeda</member>
    <member>Masao Fujii</member>
    <member>Mateusz Guzik</member>
    <member>Matt Jibson</member>
    <member>Matteo Beccati</member>
    <member>Maxence Ahlouche</member>
    <member>Melanie Plageman</member>
    <member>Michael Banck</member>
    <member>Michael Luo</member>
    <member>Michael Meskes</member>
    <member>Michael Paquier</member>
    <member>Michail Nikolaev</member>
    <member>Mike Palmiotto</member>
    <member>Mithun Cy</member>
    <member>Movead Li</member>
    <member>Nathan Bossart</member>
    <member>Nazli Ugur Koyluoglu</member>
    <member>Neha Sharma</member>
    <member>Nicola Contu</member>
    <member>Nicolás Alvarez</member>
    <member>Nikhil Sontakke</member>
    <member>Nikita Glukhov</member>
    <member>Nikolay Shaplov</member>
    <member>Nino Floris</member>
    <member>Noah Misch</member>
    <member>Noriyoshi Shinoda</member>
    <member>Oleg Bartunov</member>
    <member>Oleksii Kliukin</member>
    <member>Ondrej Jirman</member>
    <member>Panagiotis Mavrogiorgos</member>
    <member>Pascal Legrand</member>
    <member>Patrick McHardy</member>
    <member>Paul Guo</member>
    <member>Paul Jungwirth</member>
    <member>Paul Ramsey</member>
    <member>Paul Spencer</member>
    <member>Pavan Deolasee</member>
    <member>Pavel Borisov</member>
    <member>Pavel Luzanov</member>
    <member>Pavel Stehule</member>
    <member>Pavel Suderevsky</member>
    <member>Peifeng Qiu</member>
    <member>Pengzhou Tang</member>
    <member>Peter Billen</member>
    <member>Peter Eisentraut</member>
    <member>Peter Geoghegan</member>
    <member>Peter Smith</member>
    <member>Petr Fedorov</member>
    <member>Petr Jelínek</member>
    <member>Phil Bayer</member>
    <member>Philip Semanchuk</member>
    <member>Pierre Ducroquet</member>
    <member>Pierre Giraud</member>
    <member>Piotr Gabriel Kosinski</member>
    <member>Piotr Wlodarczyk</member>
    <member>Prabhat Sahu</member>
    <member>Quan Zongliang</member>
    <member>Quentin Rameau</member>
    <member>Rafael Castro</member>
    <member>Rafia Sabih</member>
    <member>Raj Mohite</member>
    <member>Rajkumar Raghuwanshi</member>
    <member>Ramanarayana M</member>
    <member>Ranier Vilela</member>
    <member>Rares Salcudean</member>
    <member>Raúl Marín Rodríguez</member>
    <member>Raymond Martin</member>
    <member>Reijo Suhonen</member>
    <member>Richard Guo</member>
    <member>Robert Ford</member>
    <member>Robert Haas</member>
    <member>Robert Treat</member>
    <member>Robins Tharakan</member>
    <member>Roger Harkavy</member>
    <member>Roman Peshkurov</member>
    <member>Rui DeSousa</member>
    <member>Rui Hai Jiang</member>
    <member>Rushabh Lathia</member>
    <member>Ryan Lambert</member>
    <member>Ryohei Takahashi</member>
    <member>Scott Ribe</member>
    <member>Sean Farrell</member>
    <member>Sehrope Sarkuni</member>
    <member>Sergei Agalakov</member>
    <member>Sergei Kornilov</member>
    <member>Sergey Cherkashin</member>
    <member>Shawn Debnath</member>
    <member>Shawn Wang</member>
    <member>Shay Rojansky</member>
    <member>Shenhao Wang</member>
    <member>Simon Riggs</member>
    <member>Slawomir Chodnicki</member>
    <member>Soumyadeep Chakraborty</member>
    <member>Stéphane Lorek</member>
    <member>Stephen Frost</member>
    <member>Steve Rogerson</member>
    <member>Steven Winfield</member>
    <member>Surafel Temesgen</member>
    <member>Suraj Kharage</member>
    <member>Takao Fujii</member>
    <member>Takatsuka Haruka</member>
    <member>Takayuki Tsunakawa</member>
    <member>Takuma Hoshiai</member>
    <member>Tatsuhito Kasahara</member>
    <member>Tatsuo Ishii</member>
    <member>Tatsuro Yamada</member>
    <member>Taylor Vesely</member>
    <member>Teodor Sigaev</member>
    <member>Tham Nguyen</member>
    <member>Thibaut Madelaine</member>
    <member>Thom Brown</member>
    <member>Thomas Kellerer</member>
    <member>Thomas Munro</member>
    <member>Tiago Anastacio</member>
    <member>Tim Clarke</member>
    <member>Tim Möhlmann</member>
    <member>Tom Ellis</member>
    <member>Tom Gottfried</member>
    <member>Tom Lane</member>
    <member>Tomas Vondra</member>
    <member>Tuomas Leikola</member>
    <member>Tushar Ahuja</member>
    <member>Victor Wagner</member>
    <member>Victor Yegorov</member>
    <member>Vignesh C</member>
    <member>Vik Fearing</member>
    <member>Vinay Banakar</member>
    <member>Vladimir Leskov</member>
    <member>Vladimir Sitnikov</member>
    <member>Vyacheslav Makarov</member>
    <member>Vyacheslav Shablistyy</member>
    <member>Will Leinweber</member>
    <member>William Crowell</member>
    <member>Wyatt Alt</member>
    <member>Yang Xiao</member>
    <member>Yaroslav Schekin</member>
    <member>Yi Huang</member>
    <member>Yigong Hu</member>
    <member>Yoann La Cancellera</member>
    <member>Yoshikazu Imai</member>
    <member>Yu Kimura</member>
    <member>Yugo Nagata</member>
    <member>Yuli Khodorkovskiy</member>
    <member>Yusuke Egashira</member>
    <member>Yuya Watari</member>
    <member>Yuzuko Hosoya</member>
    <member>ZhenHua Cai</member>
   </simplelist>
  </sect2>

 </sect1>
