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# Console#

Stability: 2 - Stable

The `console` module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.

The module exports two specific components:

- A `Console` class with methods such as `console.log()`, `console.error()` and `console.warn()` that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
- A global `console` instance configured to write to `process.stdout` and `process.stderr`. The global `console` can be used without calling `require('console')`.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for more information.

Example using the global `console`:

    console.log('hello world');
    // Prints: hello world, to stdout
    console.log('hello %s', 'world');
    // Prints: hello world, to stdout
    console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
    // Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to stderr

    const name = 'Will Robinson';
    console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
    // Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the `Console` class:

    const out = getStreamSomehow();
    const err = getStreamSomehow();
    const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);

    myConsole.log('hello world');
    // Prints: hello world, to out
    myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
    // Prints: hello world, to out
    myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
    // Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err

    const name = 'Will Robinson';
    myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
    // Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err

## Class: Console#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v8.0.0 | Errors that occur while writing to the underlying streams will now be ignored.

The `Console` class can be used to create a simple logger with configurable output streams and can be accessed using either `require('console').Console` or `console.Console` (or their destructured counterparts):

    const { Console } = require('console');

    const { Console } = console;

### new Console(stdout[, stderr])#

- `stdout` <stream.Writable>
- `stderr` <stream.Writable>

Creates a new `Console` with one or two writable stream instances. `stdout` is a writable stream to print log or info output. `stderr` is used for warning or error output. If `stderr` is not provided, `stdout` is used for `stderr`.

    const output = fs.createWriteStream('./stdout.log');
    const errorOutput = fs.createWriteStream('./stderr.log');
    // custom simple logger
    const logger = new Console(output, errorOutput);
    // use it like console
    const count = 5;
    logger.log('count: %d', count);
    // in stdout.log: count 5

The global `console` is a special `Console` whose output is sent to `process.stdout` and `process.stderr`. It is equivalent to calling:

    new Console(process.stdout, process.stderr);

### console.assert(value[, message][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.101

- `value` <any>
- `message` <any>
- `...args` <any>

A simple assertion test that verifies whether `value` is truthy. If it is not, an `AssertionError` is thrown. If provided, the error `message` is formatted using `util.format()` and used as the error message.

    console.assert(true, 'does nothing');
    // OK
    console.assert(false, 'Whoops %s', 'didn\'t work');
    // AssertionError: Whoops didn't work

Note: The `console.assert()` method is implemented differently in Node.js than the `console.assert()` method available in browsers.

Specifically, in browsers, calling `console.assert()` with a falsy assertion will cause the `message` to be printed to the console without interrupting execution of subsequent code. In Node.js, however, a falsy assertion will cause an `AssertionError` to be thrown.

Functionality approximating that implemented by browsers can be implemented by extending Node.js' `console` and overriding the `console.assert()` method.

In the following example, a simple module is created that extends and overrides the default behavior of `console` in Node.js.

    'use strict';

    // Creates a simple extension of console with a
    // new impl for assert without monkey-patching.
    const myConsole = Object.create(console, {
      assert: {
        value: function assert(assertion, message, ...args) {
          try {
            console.assert(assertion, message, ...args);
          } catch (err) {
            console.error(err.stack);
          }
        },
        configurable: true,
        enumerable: true,
        writable: true,
      },
    });

    module.exports = myConsole;

This can then be used as a direct replacement for the built in console:

    const console = require('./myConsole');
    console.assert(false, 'this message will print, but no error thrown');
    console.log('this will also print');

### console.clear()#

Added in: v8.3.0

When `stdout` is a TTY, calling `console.clear()` will attempt to clear the TTY. When `stdout` is not a TTY, this method does nothing.

Note: The specific operation of `console.clear()` can vary across operating systems and terminal types. For most Linux operating systems, `console.clear()` operates similarly to the `clear` shell command. On Windows, `console.clear()` will clear only the output in the current terminal viewport for the Node.js binary.

### console.count([label])#

Added in: v8.3.0

- `label` <string> The display label for the counter. Defaults to `'default'`.

Maintains an internal counter specific to `label` and outputs to `stdout` the number of times `console.count()` has been called with the given `label`.

    > console.count()
    default: 1
    undefined
    > console.count('default')
    default: 2
    undefined
    > console.count('abc')
    abc: 1
    undefined
    > console.count('xyz')
    xyz: 1
    undefined
    > console.count('abc')
    abc: 2
    undefined
    > console.count()
    default: 3
    undefined
    >

### console.countReset([label='default'])#

Added in: v8.3.0

- `label` <string> The display label for the counter. Defaults to `'default'`.

Resets the internal counter specific to `label`.

    > console.count('abc');
    abc: 1
    undefined
    > console.countReset('abc');
    undefined
    > console.count('abc');
    abc: 1
    undefined
    >

### console.debug(data[, ...args])#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
9.3.0 | `console.debug` is now an alias for `console.log`.
v8.0.0 | Added in: v8.0.0

- `data` <any>
- `...args` <any>

The `console.debug()` function is an alias for `console.log()`.

### console.dir(obj[, options])#

Added in: v0.1.101

- `obj` <any>
- `options` <Object>
  - `showHidden` <boolean>
  - `depth` <number>
  - `colors` <boolean>

Uses `util.inspect()` on `obj` and prints the resulting string to `stdout`. This function bypasses any custom `inspect()` function defined on `obj`. An optional `options` object may be passed to alter certain aspects of the formatted string:

- `showHidden` - if `true` then the object's non-enumerable and symbol properties will be shown too. Defaults to `false`.

- `depth` - tells `util.inspect()` how many times to recurse while formatting the object. This is useful for inspecting large complicated objects. Defaults to `2`. To make it recurse indefinitely, pass `null`.

- `colors` - if `true`, then the output will be styled with ANSI color codes. Defaults to `false`. Colors are customizable; see customizing `util.inspect()` colors.

### console.dirxml(...data)#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
9.3.0 | `console.dirxml` now calls `console.log` for its arguments.
v8.0.0 | Added in: v8.0.0

- `...data` <any>

This method calls `console.log()` passing it the arguments received. Please note that this method does not produce any XML formatting.

### console.error([data][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.100

- `data` <any>
- `...args` <any>

Prints to `stderr` with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution values similar to printf(3) (the arguments are all passed to `util.format()`).

    const code = 5;
    console.error('error #%d', code);
    // Prints: error #5, to stderr
    console.error('error', code);
    // Prints: error 5, to stderr

If formatting elements (e.g. `%d`) are not found in the first string then `util.inspect()` is called on each argument and the resulting string values are concatenated. See `util.format()` for more information.

### console.group([...label])#

Added in: v8.5.0

- `...label` <any>

Increases indentation of subsequent lines by two spaces.

If one or more `label`s are provided, those are printed first without the additional indentation.

### console.groupCollapsed()#

Added in: v8.5.0

An alias for `console.group()`.

### console.groupEnd()#

Added in: v8.5.0

Decreases indentation of subsequent lines by two spaces.

### console.info([data][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.100

- `data` <any>
- `...args` <any>

The `console.info()` function is an alias for `console.log()`.

### console.log([data][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.100

- `data` <any>
- `...args` <any>

Prints to `stdout` with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution values similar to printf(3) (the arguments are all passed to `util.format()`).

    const count = 5;
    console.log('count: %d', count);
    // Prints: count: 5, to stdout
    console.log('count:', count);
    // Prints: count: 5, to stdout

See `util.format()` for more information.

### console.time(label)#

Added in: v0.1.104

- `label` <string> Defaults to `'default'`.

Starts a timer that can be used to compute the duration of an operation. Timers are identified by a unique `label`. Use the same `label` when calling `console.timeEnd()` to stop the timer and output the elapsed time in milliseconds to `stdout`. Timer durations are accurate to the sub-millisecond.

### console.timeEnd(label)#

History

Version | Changes
--- | ---
v6.0.0 | This method no longer supports multiple calls that don’t map to individual `console.time()` calls; see below for details.
v0.1.104 | Added in: v0.1.104

- `label` <string> Defaults to `'default'`.

Stops a timer that was previously started by calling `console.time()` and prints the result to `stdout`:

    console.time('100-elements');
    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {}
    console.timeEnd('100-elements');
    // prints 100-elements: 225.438ms

### console.trace([message][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.104

- `message` <any>
- `...args` <any>

Prints to `stderr` the string `'Trace :'`, followed by the `util.format()` formatted message and stack trace to the current position in the code.

    console.trace('Show me');
    // Prints: (stack trace will vary based on where trace is called)
    //  Trace: Show me
    //    at repl:2:9
    //    at REPLServer.defaultEval (repl.js:248:27)
    //    at bound (domain.js:287:14)
    //    at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (domain.js:300:12)
    //    at REPLServer.<anonymous> (repl.js:412:12)
    //    at emitOne (events.js:82:20)
    //    at REPLServer.emit (events.js:169:7)
    //    at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (readline.js:210:10)
    //    at REPLServer.Interface._line (readline.js:549:8)
    //    at REPLServer.Interface._ttyWrite (readline.js:826:14)

### console.warn([data][, ...args])#

Added in: v0.1.100

- `data` <any>
- `...args` <any>

The `console.warn()` function is an alias for `console.error()`.

## Inspector only methods#

The following methods are exposed by the V8 engine in the general API but do not display anything unless used in conjunction with the inspector (`--inspect` flag).

### console.markTimeline(label)#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `label` <string> Defaults to `'default'`.

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. The `console.markTimeline()` method is the deprecated form of `console.timeStamp()`.

### console.profile([label])#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `label` <string>

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. The `console.profile()` method starts a JavaScript CPU profile with an optional label until `console.profileEnd()` is called. The profile is then added to the Profile panel of the inspector.

    console.profile('MyLabel');
    // Some code
    console.profileEnd();
    // Adds the profile 'MyLabel' to the Profiles panel of the inspector.

### console.profileEnd()#

Added in: v8.0.0

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. Stops the current JavaScript CPU profiling session if one has been started and prints the report to the Profiles panel of the inspector. See `console.profile()` for an example.

### console.table(array[, columns])#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `array` <Array> | <Object>
- `columns` <Array>

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. Prints to `stdout` the array `array` formatted as a table.

### console.timeStamp([label])#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `label` <string>

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. The `console.timeStamp()` method adds an event with the label `label` to the Timeline panel of the inspector.

### console.timeline([label])#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `label` <string> Defaults to `'default'`.

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. The `console.timeline()` method is the deprecated form of `console.time()`.

### console.timelineEnd([label])#

Added in: v8.0.0

- `label` <string> Defaults to `'default'`.

This method does not display anything unless used in the inspector. The `console.timelineEnd()` method is the deprecated form of `console.timeEnd()`.