/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of HDF5.  The full HDF5 copyright notice, including     *
 * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in    *
 * the COPYING file, which can be found at the root of the source code       *
 * distribution tree, or in https://www.hdfgroup.org/licenses.               *
 * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from     *
 * help@hdfgroup.org.                                                        *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/*
 * Read-Only S3 Virtual File Driver (VFD)
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Verify behavior for Read-Only S3 VFD
 *     at the VFL (virtual file layer) level.
 *
 *     Demonstrates basic use cases and fapl/dxpl interaction.
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-11
 */

#include "h5test.h"

#include "H5FDprivate.h" /* Virtual File Driver utilities */
#include "H5FDros3.h"    /* this file driver's utilities */
#include "H5FDs3comms.h" /* for loading of credentials */

#ifdef H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD

/* only include the testing macros if needed */

/*****************************************************************************
 *
 * FILE-LOCAL TESTING MACROS
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     1) Upon test failure, goto-jump to single-location teardown in test
 *        function. E.g., `error:` (consistency with HDF corpus) or
 *        `failed:` (reflects purpose).
 *            >>> using "error", in part because `H5E_BEGIN_TRY` expects it.
 *     2) Increase clarity and reduce overhead found with `TEST_ERROR`.
 *        e.g., "if(somefunction(arg, arg2) < 0) TEST_ERROR:"
 *        requires reading of entire line to know whether this if/call is
 *        part of the test setup, test operation, or a test unto itself.
 *     3) Provide testing macros with optional user-supplied failure message;
 *        if not supplied (NULL), generate comparison output in the spirit of
 *        test-driven development. E.g., "expected 5 but was -3"
 *        User messages clarify test's purpose in code, encouraging description
 *        without relying on comments.
 *     4) Configurable expected-actual order in generated comparison strings.
 *        Some prefer `VERIFY(expected, actual)`, others
 *        `VERIFY(actual, expected)`. Provide preprocessor ifdef switch
 *        to satisfy both parties, assuming one paradigm per test file.
 *        (One could #undef and redefine the flag through the file as desired,
 *         but _why_.)
 *
 *     Provided as courtesy, per consideration for inclusion in the library
 *     proper.
 *
 *     Macros:
 *
 *         JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT - ifdef flag, configures comparison order
 *         FAIL_IF()        - check condition
 *         FAIL_UNLESS()    - check _not_ condition
 *         JSVERIFY()       - long-int equality check; prints reason/comparison
 *         JSVERIFY_NOT()   - long-int inequality check; prints
 *         JSVERIFY_STR()   - string equality check; prints
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *****************************************************************************/

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * ifdef flag: JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT
 *
 * JSVERIFY macros accept arguments as (EXPECTED, ACTUAL[, reason])
 *   default, if this is undefined, is (ACTUAL, EXPECTED[, reason])
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT 1L

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSFAILED_AT()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Preface a test failure by printing "*FAILED*" and location to stdout
 *     Similar to `H5_FAILED(); AT();` from h5test.h
 *
 *     *FAILED* at somefile.c:12 in function_name()...
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSFAILED_AT()                                                                                        \
    {                                                                                                        \
        HDprintf("*FAILED* at %s:%d in %s()...\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__);                            \
    }

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: FAIL_IF()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Make tests more accessible and less cluttered than
 *         `if (thing == otherthing()) TEST_ERROR`
 *         paradigm.
 *
 *     The following lines are roughly equivalent:
 *
 *         `if (myfunc() < 0) TEST_ERROR;` (as seen elsewhere in HDF tests)
 *         `FAIL_IF(myfunc() < 0)`
 *
 *     Prints a generic "FAILED AT" line to stdout and jumps to `error`,
 *     similar to `TEST_ERROR` in h5test.h
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-23
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define FAIL_IF(condition)                                                                                   \
    if (condition) {                                                                                         \
        JSFAILED_AT()                                                                                        \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    }

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: FAIL_UNLESS()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     TEST_ERROR wrapper to reduce cognitive overhead from "negative tests",
 *     e.g., "a != b".
 *
 *     Opposite of FAIL_IF; fails if the given condition is _not_ true.
 *
 *     `FAIL_IF( 5 != my_op() )`
 *     is equivalent to
 *     `FAIL_UNLESS( 5 == my_op() )`
 *     However, `JSVERIFY(5, my_op(), "bad return")` may be even clearer.
 *         (see JSVERIFY)
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#if 0 /* UNUSED */
#define FAIL_UNLESS(condition)                                                                               \
    if (!(condition)) {                                                                                      \
        JSFAILED_AT()                                                                                        \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    }
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSERR_LONG()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Print an failure message for long-int arguments.
 *     ERROR-AT printed first.
 *     If `reason` is given, it is printed on own line and newlined after
 *     else, prints "expected/actual" aligned on own lines.
 *
 *     *FAILED* at myfile.c:488 in somefunc()...
 *     forest must be made of trees.
 *
 *     or
 *
 *     *FAILED* at myfile.c:488 in somefunc()...
 *       ! Expected 425
 *       ! Actual   3
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static inline void
jserr_long(long expected, long actual, const char *reason)
{
    if (reason != NULL) {
        HDprintf("%s\n", reason);
    }
    else {
        HDprintf("  ! Expected %ld\n  ! Actual   %ld\n", expected, actual);
    }
}

#define JSERR_LONG(expected, actual, reason)                                                                 \
    {                                                                                                        \
        JSFAILED_AT()                                                                                        \
        jserr_long((long)(expected), (long)(actual), (reason));                                              \
    }

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSERR_STR()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Print an failure message for string arguments.
 *     ERROR-AT printed first.
 *     If `reason` is given, it is printed on own line and newlined after
 *     else, prints "expected/actual" aligned on own lines.
 *
 *     *FAILED*  at myfile.c:421 in myfunc()...
 *     Blue and Red strings don't match!
 *
 *     or
 *
 *     *FAILED*  at myfile.c:421 in myfunc()...
 *     !!! Expected:
 *     this is my expected
 *     string
 *     !!! Actual:
 *     not what I expected at all
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static inline void
jserr_str(const char *expected, const char *actual, const char *reason)
{
    if (reason != NULL) {
        HDprintf("%s\n", reason);
    }
    else {
        HDprintf("!!! Expected:\n%s\n!!!Actual:\n%s\n", expected, actual);
    }
}

#define JSERR_STR(expected, actual, reason)                                                                  \
    {                                                                                                        \
        JSFAILED_AT()                                                                                        \
        jserr_str((expected), (actual), (reason));                                                           \
    }

#ifdef JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSVERIFY()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Verify that two long integers are equal.
 *     If unequal, print failure message
 *     (with `reason`, if not NULL; expected/actual if NULL)
 *     and jump to `error` at end of function
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY(expected, actual, reason)                                                                   \
    if ((long)(actual) != (long)(expected)) {                                                                \
        JSERR_LONG((expected), (actual), (reason))                                                           \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSVERIFY_NOT()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Verify that two long integers are _not_ equal.
 *     If equal, print failure message
 *     (with `reason`, if not NULL; expected/actual if NULL)
 *     and jump to `error` at end of function
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY_NOT(expected, actual, reason)                                                               \
    if ((long)(actual) == (long)(expected)) {                                                                \
        JSERR_LONG((expected), (actual), (reason))                                                           \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY_NOT */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Macro: JSVERIFY_STR()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Verify that two strings are equal.
 *     If unequal, print failure message
 *     (with `reason`, if not NULL; expected/actual if NULL)
 *     and jump to `error` at end of function
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-24
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY_STR(expected, actual, reason)                                                               \
    if (HDstrcmp((actual), (expected)) != 0) {                                                               \
        JSERR_STR((expected), (actual), (reason));                                                           \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY_STR */

#else
/* JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT not defined
 *
 * Repeats macros above, but with actual/expected parameters reversed.
 */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Macro: JSVERIFY()
 * See: JSVERIFY documentation above.
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-14
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY(actual, expected, reason)                                                                   \
    if ((long)(actual) != (long)(expected)) {                                                                \
        JSERR_LONG((expected), (actual), (reason));                                                          \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Macro: JSVERIFY_NOT()
 * See: JSVERIFY_NOT documentation above.
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-14
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY_NOT(actual, expected, reason)                                                               \
    if ((long)(actual) == (long)(expected)) {                                                                \
        JSERR_LONG((expected), (actual), (reason))                                                           \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY_NOT */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Macro: JSVERIFY_STR()
 * See: JSVERIFY_STR documentation above.
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-14
 *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#define JSVERIFY_STR(actual, expected, reason)                                                               \
    if (HDstrcmp((actual), (expected)) != 0) {                                                               \
        JSERR_STR((expected), (actual), (reason));                                                           \
        goto error;                                                                                          \
    } /* JSVERIFY_STR */

#endif /* ifdef/else JSVERIFY_EXP_ACT */

/********************************
 * OTHER MACROS AND DEFINITIONS *
 ********************************/

#define MAXADDR (((haddr_t)1 << (8 * sizeof(HDoff_t) - 1)) - 1)

#define S3_TEST_PROFILE_NAME "ros3_vfd_test"

#define S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE 256

#define S3_TEST_RESOURCE_TEXT_RESTRICTED "t8.shakespeare.txt"
#define S3_TEST_RESOURCE_TEXT_PUBLIC     "Poe_Raven.txt"
#define S3_TEST_RESOURCE_H5_PUBLIC       "GMODO-SVM01.h5"
#define S3_TEST_RESOURCE_MISSING         "missing.csv"

static char    url_text_restricted[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE] = "";
static char    url_text_public[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE]     = "";
static char    url_h5_public[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE]       = "";
static char    url_missing[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE]         = "";
static char    s3_test_bucket_url[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE]  = "";
static hbool_t s3_test_bucket_defined                    = FALSE;

/* Global variables for aws test profile.
 * An attempt is made to read ~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config upon test
 * startup -- if unable to open either file or cannot load region, id, and key,
 * tests connecting with S3 will not be run
 */
static int  s3_test_credentials_loaded = 0;
static char s3_test_aws_region[16];
static char s3_test_aws_access_key_id[64];
static char s3_test_aws_secret_access_key[128];

H5FD_ros3_fapl_t restricted_access_fa = {H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION, /* fapl version      */
                                         TRUE,                          /* authenticate      */
                                         "",                            /* aws region        */
                                         "",                            /* access key id     */
                                         ""};                           /* secret access key */

H5FD_ros3_fapl_t anonymous_fa = {H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION, FALSE, "", "", ""};

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_fapl_config_validation()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Test data consistency of fapl configuration.
 *     Tests `H5FD_ros3_validate_config` indirectly through `H5Pset_fapl_ros3`.
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-10-23
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_fapl_config_validation(void)
{

    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    struct testcase {
        const char      *msg;
        herr_t           expected;
        H5FD_ros3_fapl_t config;
    };

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    hid_t            fapl_id = -1; /* file access property list ID */
    H5FD_ros3_fapl_t config;
    H5FD_ros3_fapl_t fa_fetch;
    herr_t           success  = SUCCEED;
    unsigned int     i        = 0;
    unsigned int     ncases   = 8;    /* should equal number of cases */
    struct testcase *case_ptr = NULL; /* dumb work-around for possible     */
                                      /* dynamic cases creation because    */
                                      /* of compiler warnings Wlarger-than */
    struct testcase cases_arr[] = {
        {
            "non-authenticating config allows empties.\n",
            SUCCEED,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION, /* version      */
                FALSE,                         /* authenticate */
                "",                            /* aws_region   */
                "",                            /* secret_id    */
                "",                            /* secret_key   */
            },
        },
        {
            "authenticating config asks for populated strings.\n",
            FAIL,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                TRUE,
                "",
                "",
                "",
            },
        },
        {
            "populated strings; key is the empty string?\n",
            SUCCEED,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                TRUE,
                "region",
                "me",
                "",
            },
        },
        {
            "id cannot be empty.\n",
            FAIL,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                TRUE,
                "",
                "me",
                "",
            },
        },
        {
            "region cannot be empty.\n",
            FAIL,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                TRUE,
                "where",
                "",
                "",
            },
        },
        {
            "all strings populated.\n",
            SUCCEED,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                TRUE,
                "where",
                "who",
                "thisIsA GREAT seeeecrit",
            },
        },
        {
            "incorrect version should fail\n",
            FAIL,
            {
                12345,
                FALSE,
                "",
                "",
                "",
            },
        },
        {
            "non-authenticating config cares not for (de)population"
            "of strings.\n",
            SUCCEED,
            {
                H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION,
                FALSE,
                "someregion",
                "someid",
                "somekey",
            },
        },
    };

    TESTING("ROS3 fapl configuration validation");

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < ncases; i++) {

        /*---------------
         * per-test setup
         *---------------
         */
        case_ptr = &cases_arr[i];
        fapl_id  = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
        FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0) /* sanity-check */

        /*-----------------------------------
         * Actually test.
         * Mute stack trace in failure cases.
         *-----------------------------------
         */
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            /* `H5FD_ros3_validate_config(...)` is static/private
             * to src/ros3.c and cannot (and should not?) be tested directly?
             * Instead, validate config through public api.
             */
            success = H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &case_ptr->config);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;

        JSVERIFY(case_ptr->expected, success, case_ptr->msg)

        /* Make sure we can get back what we put in.
         * Only valid if the fapl configuration does not result in error.
         */
        if (success == SUCCEED) {
            config = case_ptr->config;
            JSVERIFY(SUCCEED, H5Pget_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &fa_fetch), "unable to get fapl")

            JSVERIFY(H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION, fa_fetch.version, "invalid version number")
            JSVERIFY(config.version, fa_fetch.version, "version number mismatch")
            JSVERIFY(config.authenticate, fa_fetch.authenticate, "authentication flag mismatch")
            JSVERIFY_STR(config.aws_region, fa_fetch.aws_region, NULL)
            JSVERIFY_STR(config.secret_id, fa_fetch.secret_id, NULL)
            JSVERIFY_STR(config.secret_key, fa_fetch.secret_key, NULL)
        }

        /*-----------------------------
         * per-test sanitation/teardown
         *-----------------------------
         */
        FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
        fapl_id = -1;

    } /* for each test case */

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (fapl_id < 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }
    return 1;
} /* test_fapl_config_validation */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:    test_ros3_fapl()
 *
 * Purpose:     Tests the file handle interface for the ROS3 driver
 *
 *              As the ROS3 driver is 1) read only, 2) requires access
 *              to an S3 server, this test is quite
 *              different from the other tests.
 *
 *              For now, test only fapl & flags.  Extend as the
 *              work on the VFD continues.
 *
 * Return:      Success:        0
 *              Failure:        1
 *
 * Programmer:  John Mainzer
 *              7/12/17
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_ros3_fapl(void)
{
    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    hid_t            fapl_id      = -1; /* file access property list ID */
    hid_t            driver_id    = -1; /* ID for this VFD              */
    unsigned long    driver_flags = 0;  /* VFD feature flags            */
    H5FD_ros3_fapl_t ros3_fa_0    = {
        H5FD_CURR_ROS3_FAPL_T_VERSION, /* version       */
        FALSE,                         /* authenticate  */
        "",                            /* aws_region    */
        "",                            /* secret_id     */
        "plugh",                       /* secret_key    */
    };

    TESTING("ROS3 fapl ");

    /* Set property list and file name for ROS3 driver.
     */
    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0)

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &ros3_fa_0))

    driver_id = H5Pget_driver(fapl_id);
    FAIL_IF(driver_id < 0)

    /****************
     * Check that the VFD feature flags are correct
     * SPEC MAY CHANGE
     ******************/

    FAIL_IF(H5FDdriver_query(driver_id, &driver_flags) < 0)

    JSVERIFY_NOT(0, (driver_flags & H5FD_FEAT_DATA_SIEVE),
                 "bit(s) in `driver_flags` must align with "
                 "H5FD_FEAT_DATA_SIEVE")

    JSVERIFY(H5FD_FEAT_DATA_SIEVE, driver_flags, "H5FD_FEAT_DATA_SIEVE should be the only supported flag")

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY
    {
        (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
    }
    H5E_END_TRY;

    return 1;

} /* test_ros3_fapl() */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_vfd_open()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Demonstrate/specify VFD-level "Open" failure cases
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             1027-11-03
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_vfd_open(void)
{

    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

#define FAPL_H5P_DEFAULT -2
#define FAPL_FILE_ACCESS -3
#define FAPL_ROS3_ANON   -4

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    struct test_condition {
        const char *message;
        const char *url;
        unsigned    flags;
        int         which_fapl;
        haddr_t     maxaddr;
    };

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    struct test_condition tests[] = {
        {
            "default property list (H5P_DEFAULT) is invalid",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_H5P_DEFAULT,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "generic file access property list is invalid",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_FILE_ACCESS,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "filename cannot be null",
            NULL,
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "filename cannot be empty",
            "",
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "filename must exist",
            url_missing,
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "read-write flag not supported",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_RDWR,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "truncate flag not supported",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_TRUNC,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "create flag not supported",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_CREAT,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "EXCL flag not supported",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_EXCL,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            MAXADDR,
        },
        {
            "maxaddr cannot be 0 (caught in `H5FD_open()`)",
            url_text_public,
            H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
            FAPL_ROS3_ANON,
            0,
        },
    };
    H5FD_t  *fd               = NULL;
    hbool_t  curl_ready       = FALSE;
    hid_t    fapl_id          = -1;
    hid_t    fapl_file_access = -1;
    unsigned i                = 0;
    unsigned tests_count      = 10;

    TESTING("ROS3 VFD-level open");

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    FAIL_IF(CURLE_OK != curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT))
    curl_ready = TRUE;

    fapl_file_access = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_file_access < 0)

    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0)
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &anonymous_fa))

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    /* all the test cases that will _not_ open
     */
    for (i = 0; i < tests_count; i++) {
        struct test_condition T        = tests[i];
        hid_t                 _fapl_id = H5P_DEFAULT;

        fd = NULL;

        if (T.which_fapl == FAPL_FILE_ACCESS)
            _fapl_id = fapl_file_access;
        else if (T.which_fapl == FAPL_ROS3_ANON)
            _fapl_id = fapl_id;

        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            fd = H5FDopen(T.url, T.flags, _fapl_id, T.maxaddr);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
        if (NULL != fd)
            JSVERIFY(1, 0, T.message); /* wrapper to print message and fail */
    }

    FAIL_IF(NULL != fd)

    /* finally, show that a file can be opened
     */
    fd = H5FDopen(url_text_public, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, MAXADDR);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == fd)

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(fd))
    fd = NULL;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_file_access))
    fapl_file_access = -1;

    curl_global_cleanup();
    curl_ready = FALSE;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (fd) {
        (void)H5FDclose(fd);
    }
    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }
    if (fapl_file_access >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_file_access);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }
    if (curl_ready == TRUE) {
        curl_global_cleanup();
    }

    return 1;

#undef FAPL_FILE_ACCESS
#undef FAPL_H5P_DEFAULT
#undef FAPL_ROS3_ANON

} /* test_vfd_open */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_eof_eoa()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Demonstrate behavior of get_eof, get_eoa, and set_eoa.
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-11-08
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_eof_eoa(void)
{

    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    H5FD_t *fd_shakespeare = NULL;
    hbool_t curl_ready     = FALSE;
    hid_t   fapl_id        = -1;

    TESTING("ROS3 eof/eoa gets and sets");

    if (s3_test_credentials_loaded == 0) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    s3 credentials are not loaded");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    FAIL_IF(CURLE_OK != curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT))
    curl_ready = TRUE;

    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(0 > fapl_id)
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &restricted_access_fa))

    fd_shakespeare = H5FDopen(url_text_restricted, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == fd_shakespeare)

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    /* verify as found
     */
    JSVERIFY(5458199, H5FDget_eof(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), NULL)
    JSVERIFY(H5FDget_eof(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), H5FDget_eof(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DRAW),
             "mismatch between DEFAULT and RAW memory types")
    JSVERIFY(0, H5FDget_eoa(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoA should be unset by H5FDopen")

    /* set EoA below EoF
     */
    JSVERIFY(SUCCEED, H5FDset_eoa(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT, 44442202), "unable to set EoA (lower)")
    JSVERIFY(5458199, H5FDget_eof(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoF changed")
    JSVERIFY(44442202, H5FDget_eoa(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoA unchanged")

    /* set EoA above EoF
     */
    JSVERIFY(SUCCEED, H5FDset_eoa(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT, 6789012), "unable to set EoA (higher)")
    JSVERIFY(5458199, H5FDget_eof(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoF changed")
    JSVERIFY(6789012, H5FDget_eoa(fd_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoA unchanged")

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(fd_shakespeare))

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    curl_global_cleanup();
    curl_ready = FALSE;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (fd_shakespeare)
        (void)H5FDclose(fd_shakespeare);
    if (TRUE == curl_ready)
        curl_global_cleanup();
    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }

    return 1;

} /* test_eof_eoa */

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_H5FDread_without_eoa_set_fails()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Demonstrate a not-obvious constraint by the library, preventing
 *     file read before EoA is set
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2018-01-26
 *
 *-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_H5FDread_without_eoa_set_fails(void)
{
    char         buffer[256];
    unsigned int i                = 0;
    H5FD_t      *file_shakespeare = NULL;
    hid_t        fapl_id          = -1;

    TESTING("ROS3 VFD read-eoa temporal coupling library limitation ");

    if (s3_test_credentials_loaded == 0) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    s3 credentials are not loaded");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    /* create ROS3 fapl
     */
    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0)
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &restricted_access_fa))

    file_shakespeare = H5FDopen(url_text_restricted, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, MAXADDR);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == file_shakespeare)

    JSVERIFY(0, H5FDget_eoa(file_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), "EoA should remain unset by H5FDopen")

    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        buffer[i] = 0; /* zero buffer contents */

    /********
     * TEST *
     ********/

    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{/* mute stack trace on expected failure */
                  JSVERIFY(FAIL, H5FDread(file_shakespeare, H5FD_MEM_DRAW, H5P_DEFAULT, 1200699, 102, buffer),
                           "cannot read before eoa is set")} H5E_END_TRY;
    JSVERIFY_STR("", buffer, "buffer should remain untouched")

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(file_shakespeare))
    file_shakespeare = NULL;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (file_shakespeare) {
        (void)H5FDclose(file_shakespeare);
    }
    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }

    return 1;

} /* test_H5FDread_without_eoa_set_fails */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_read()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-11-06
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_read(void)
{

    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/
    struct testcase {
        const char *message;  /* purpose of test case */
        haddr_t     eoa_set;  /* set file EOA to this prior to read */
        size_t      addr;     /* offset of read in file */
        size_t      len;      /* length of read in file */
        herr_t      success;  /* expected return value of read function */
        const char *expected; /* expected contents of buffer; failure ignores */
    };

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/
    struct testcase cases[] = {
        {
            "successful range-get",
            6464,
            5691,
            32, /* fancy quotes are three bytes each(?) */
            SUCCEED,
            "Quoth the Raven “Nevermore.”",
        },
        {
            "read past EOA fails (EOA < EOF < addr)",
            3000,
            4000,
            100,
            FAIL,
            NULL,
        },
        {
            "read overlapping EOA fails (EOA < addr < EOF < (addr+len))",
            3000,
            8000,
            100,
            FAIL,
            NULL,
        },
        {
            "read past EOA/EOF fails ((EOA==EOF) < addr)",
            6464,
            7000,
            100,
            FAIL,
            NULL,
        },
        {
            "read overlapping EOA/EOF fails (addr < (EOA==EOF) < (addr+len))",
            6464,
            6400,
            100,
            FAIL,
            NULL,
        },
        {
            "read between EOF and EOA fails (EOF < addr < (addr+len) < EOA)",
            8000,
            7000,
            100,
            FAIL,
            NULL,
        },
    };
    unsigned        testcase_count = 6;
    unsigned        test_i         = 0;
    struct testcase test;
    herr_t          open_return = FAIL;
    char            buffer[S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE];
    unsigned int    i          = 0;
    H5FD_t         *file_raven = NULL;
    hid_t           fapl_id    = -1;

    TESTING("ROS3 VFD read/range-gets");

    if (s3_test_credentials_loaded == 0) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    s3 credentials are not loaded");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    /* create ROS3 fapl
     */
    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0)
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &restricted_access_fa))

    /* open file
     */
    file_raven =
        H5FDopen(                 /* will open with "authenticating" fapl */
                 url_text_public, /* TODO: check return state: anon access of restricted says OK? (not NULL)
                                   */
                 H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF); /* Demonstrate success with "automatic" value */
    FAIL_IF(NULL == file_raven)

    JSVERIFY(6464, H5FDget_eof(file_raven, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT), NULL)

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    for (test_i = 0; test_i < testcase_count; test_i++) {

        /* -------------- *
         * per-test setup *
         * -------------- */

        test        = cases[test_i];
        open_return = FAIL;

        FAIL_IF(S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE < test.len) /* buffer too small! */

        FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FD_set_eoa(file_raven, H5FD_MEM_DEFAULT, test.eoa_set))

        for (i = 0; i < S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE; i++) /* zero buffer contents */
            buffer[i] = 0;

        /* ------------ *
         * conduct test *
         * ------------ */

        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            open_return = H5FDread(file_raven, H5FD_MEM_DRAW, H5P_DEFAULT, test.addr, test.len, buffer);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;

        JSVERIFY(test.success, open_return, test.message)
        if (open_return == SUCCEED)
            JSVERIFY_STR(test.expected, buffer, NULL)

    } /* for each testcase */

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(file_raven))
    file_raven = NULL;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (file_raven)
        (void)H5FDclose(file_raven);
    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }

    return 1;

} /* test_read */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_noops_and_autofails()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Demonstrate the unavailable and do-nothing routines unique to
 *     Read-Only VFD.
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-11-06
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_noops_and_autofails(void)
{
    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    hbool_t    curl_ready = FALSE;
    hid_t      fapl_id    = -1;
    H5FD_t    *file       = NULL;
    const char data[36]   = "The Force shall be with you, always";

    TESTING("ROS3 VFD always-fail and no-op routines");

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    FAIL_IF(CURLE_OK != curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT))
    curl_ready = TRUE;

    /* create ROS3 fapl
     */
    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(fapl_id < 0)
    JSVERIFY(SUCCEED, H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &anonymous_fa), NULL)

    /* open file
     */
    file = H5FDopen(url_text_public, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == file)

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    /* auto-fail calls to write and truncate
     */
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{JSVERIFY(FAIL, H5FDwrite(file, H5FD_MEM_DRAW, H5P_DEFAULT, 1000, 35, data),
                           "write must fail")} H5E_END_TRY;

    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{JSVERIFY(FAIL, H5FDtruncate(file, H5P_DEFAULT, FALSE), "truncate must fail")} H5E_END_TRY;

    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{
        JSVERIFY(FAIL, H5FDtruncate(file, H5P_DEFAULT, TRUE), "truncate must fail (closing)")} H5E_END_TRY;

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(file))
    file = NULL;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    curl_global_cleanup();
    curl_ready = FALSE;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }
    if (file) {
        (void)H5FDclose(file);
    }
    if (curl_ready == TRUE) {
        curl_global_cleanup();
    }

    return 1;

} /* test_noops_and_autofails*/

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_cmp()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Verify "file comparison" behavior.
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-11-06
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_cmp(void)
{

    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    H5FD_t *fd_raven   = NULL;
    H5FD_t *fd_shakes  = NULL;
    H5FD_t *fd_raven_2 = NULL;
    hbool_t curl_ready = FALSE;
    hid_t   fapl_id    = -1;

    TESTING("ROS3 cmp (comparison)");

    if (s3_test_credentials_loaded == 0) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    s3 credentials are not loaded");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    FAIL_IF(CURLE_OK != curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT))
    curl_ready = TRUE;

    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(0 > fapl_id)
    JSVERIFY(SUCCEED, H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &restricted_access_fa), NULL)

    fd_raven = H5FDopen(url_text_public, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == fd_raven)

    fd_shakes = H5FDopen(url_text_restricted, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == fd_shakes)

    fd_raven_2 = H5FDopen(url_text_public, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id, HADDR_UNDEF);
    FAIL_IF(NULL == fd_raven_2)

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    JSVERIFY(0, H5FDcmp(fd_raven, fd_raven_2), NULL)
    JSVERIFY(-1, H5FDcmp(fd_raven, fd_shakes), NULL)
    JSVERIFY(-1, H5FDcmp(fd_shakes, fd_raven_2), NULL)

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(fd_raven))
    fd_raven = NULL;
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(fd_shakes))
    fd_shakes = NULL;
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5FDclose(fd_raven_2))
    fd_raven_2 = NULL;
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    curl_global_cleanup();
    curl_ready = FALSE;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/

    if (fd_raven != NULL)
        (void)H5FDclose(fd_raven);
    if (fd_raven_2 != NULL)
        (void)H5FDclose(fd_raven_2);
    if (fd_shakes != NULL)
        (void)H5FDclose(fd_shakes);
    if (TRUE == curl_ready)
        curl_global_cleanup();
    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }

    return 1;

} /* test_cmp */

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function: test_H5F_integration()
 *
 * Purpose:
 *
 *     Demonstrate S3 file-open through H5F API.
 *
 * Return:
 *
 *     PASSED : 0
 *     FAILED : 1
 *
 * Programmer: Jacob Smith
 *             2017-11-07
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int
test_H5F_integration(void)
{
    /*********************
     * test-local macros *
     *********************/

    /*************************
     * test-local structures *
     *************************/

    /************************
     * test-local variables *
     ************************/

    hid_t file    = -1;
    hid_t fapl_id = -1;

    TESTING("S3 file access through HD5F library (H5F API)");

    if (s3_test_credentials_loaded == 0) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    s3 credentials are not loaded");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    if (FALSE == s3_test_bucket_defined) {
        SKIPPED();
        HDputs("    environment variable HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL not defined");
        HDfflush(stdout);
        return 0;
    }

    /*********
     * SETUP *
     *********/

    fapl_id = H5Pcreate(H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
    FAIL_IF(0 > fapl_id)
    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pset_fapl_ros3(fapl_id, &restricted_access_fa))

    /*********
     * TESTS *
     *********/

    /* Read-Write Open access is not allowed with this file driver.
     */
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{FAIL_IF(0 <= H5Fopen(url_h5_public, H5F_ACC_RDWR, fapl_id))} H5E_END_TRY;

    /* H5Fcreate() is not allowed with this file driver.
     */
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY{FAIL_IF(0 <= H5Fcreate(url_missing, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, H5P_DEFAULT, fapl_id))} H5E_END_TRY;

    /* Successful open.
     */
    file = H5Fopen(url_h5_public, H5F_ACC_RDONLY, fapl_id);
    FAIL_IF(file < 0)

    /************
     * TEARDOWN *
     ************/

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Fclose(file))
    file = -1;

    FAIL_IF(FAIL == H5Pclose(fapl_id))
    fapl_id = -1;

    PASSED();
    return 0;

error:
    /***********
     * CLEANUP *
     ***********/
    HDprintf("\nerror!");
    HDfflush(stdout);

    if (fapl_id >= 0) {
        H5E_BEGIN_TRY
        {
            (void)H5Pclose(fapl_id);
        }
        H5E_END_TRY;
    }
    if (file > 0)
        (void)H5Fclose(file);

    return 1;

} /* test_H5F_integration */

#endif /* H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD */

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:    main
 *
 * Purpose:     Tests the basic features of Virtual File Drivers
 *
 * Return:      Success: 0
 *              Failure: 1
 *
 * Programmer:  Jacob Smith
 *              2017-10-23
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
int
main(void)
{
#ifdef H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD
    int         nerrors        = 0;
    const char *bucket_url_env = NULL;

#endif /* H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD */

    HDprintf("Testing ros3 VFD functionality.\n");

#ifdef H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD

    /************************
     * initialize test urls *
     ************************/

    bucket_url_env = HDgetenv("HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL");
    if (bucket_url_env == NULL || bucket_url_env[0] == '\0') {
        HDprintf("WARNING: S3 bucket url is not defined in environment "
                 "variable 'HDF5_ROS3_TEST_BUCKET_URL'!\n");
    }
    else {
        HDstrncpy(s3_test_bucket_url, bucket_url_env, S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE);
        s3_test_bucket_defined = TRUE;
    }

    if (S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE < HDsnprintf(url_text_restricted, (size_t)S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE, "%s/%s",
                                          (const char *)s3_test_bucket_url,
                                          (const char *)S3_TEST_RESOURCE_TEXT_RESTRICTED)) {
        HDprintf("* ros3 setup failed (text_restricted) ! *\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE < HDsnprintf(url_text_public, (size_t)S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE, "%s/%s",
                                          (const char *)s3_test_bucket_url,
                                          (const char *)S3_TEST_RESOURCE_TEXT_PUBLIC)) {
        HDprintf("* ros3 setup failed (text_public) ! *\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE < HDsnprintf(url_h5_public, (size_t)S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE, "%s/%s",
                                          (const char *)s3_test_bucket_url,
                                          (const char *)S3_TEST_RESOURCE_H5_PUBLIC)) {
        HDprintf("* ros3 setup failed (h5_public) ! *\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE < HDsnprintf(url_missing, S3_TEST_MAX_URL_SIZE, "%s/%s",
                                          (const char *)s3_test_bucket_url,
                                          (const char *)S3_TEST_RESOURCE_MISSING)) {
        HDprintf("* ros3 setup failed (missing) ! *\n");
        return 1;
    }

    /**************************************
     * load credentials and prepare fapls *
     **************************************/

    /* "clear" profile data strings */
    s3_test_aws_access_key_id[0]     = '\0';
    s3_test_aws_secret_access_key[0] = '\0';
    s3_test_aws_region[0]            = '\0';

    /* attempt to load test credentials
     * if unable, certain tests will be skipped
     */
    if (SUCCEED == H5FD_s3comms_load_aws_profile(S3_TEST_PROFILE_NAME, s3_test_aws_access_key_id,
                                                 s3_test_aws_secret_access_key, s3_test_aws_region)) {
        s3_test_credentials_loaded = 1;
        HDstrncpy(restricted_access_fa.aws_region, (const char *)s3_test_aws_region,
                  H5FD_ROS3_MAX_REGION_LEN);
        HDstrncpy(restricted_access_fa.secret_id, (const char *)s3_test_aws_access_key_id,
                  H5FD_ROS3_MAX_SECRET_ID_LEN);
        HDstrncpy(restricted_access_fa.secret_key, (const char *)s3_test_aws_secret_access_key,
                  H5FD_ROS3_MAX_SECRET_KEY_LEN);
    }

    /******************
     * commence tests *
     ******************/

    h5_reset();

    nerrors += test_fapl_config_validation();
    nerrors += test_ros3_fapl();
    nerrors += test_vfd_open();
    nerrors += test_eof_eoa();
    nerrors += test_H5FDread_without_eoa_set_fails();
    nerrors += test_read();
    nerrors += test_noops_and_autofails();
    nerrors += test_cmp();
    nerrors += test_H5F_integration();

    if (nerrors > 0) {
        HDprintf("***** %d ros3 TEST%s FAILED! *****\n", nerrors, nerrors > 1 ? "S" : "");
        nerrors = 1;
    }
    else {
        HDprintf("All ros3 tests passed.\n");
    }
    return nerrors; /* 0 if no errors, 1 if any errors */

#else

    HDprintf("SKIPPED - read-only S3 VFD not built\n");
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;

#endif /* H5_HAVE_ROS3_VFD */

} /* main() */
