# FreeType-2.8.1 API Reference

# The auto-hinter

## Synopsis

glyph-to-script-map | FT_Prop_IncreaseXHeight
FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_XXX | warping
FT_Prop_GlyphToScriptMap | no-stem-darkening
fallback-script | FT_PARAM_TAG_STEM_DARKENING
default-script | darkening-parameters
increase-x-height |

While FreeType's auto-hinter doesn't expose API functions by itself, it is possible to control its behaviour with FT_Property_Set and FT_Property_Get. The following lists the available properties together with the necessary macros and structures.

Note that the auto-hinter's module name is ‘autofitter’ for historical reasons.

### glyph-to-script-map

Experimental only

The auto-hinter provides various script modules to hint glyphs. Examples of supported scripts are Latin or CJK. Before a glyph is auto-hinted, the Unicode character map of the font gets examined, and the script is then determined based on Unicode character ranges, see below.

OpenType fonts, however, often provide much more glyphs than character codes (small caps, superscripts, ligatures, swashes, etc.), to be controlled by so-called ‘features’. Handling OpenType features can be quite complicated and thus needs a separate library on top of FreeType.

The mapping between glyph indices and scripts (in the auto-hinter sense, see the FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_XXX values) is stored as an array with ‘num_glyphs’ elements, as found in the font's FT_Face structure. The ‘glyph-to-script-map’ property returns a pointer to this array, which can be modified as needed. Note that the modification should happen before the first glyph gets processed by the auto-hinter so that the global analysis of the font shapes actually uses the modified mapping.

The following example code demonstrates how to access it (omitting the error handling).

      FT_Library                library;
      FT_Face                   face;
      FT_Prop_GlyphToScriptMap  prop;

      FT_Init_FreeType( &library );
      FT_New_Face( library, "foo.ttf", 0, &face );

      prop.face = face;

      FT_Property_Get( library, "autofitter",
                                "glyph-to-script-map", &prop );

      // adjust `prop.map' as needed right here

      FT_Load_Glyph( face, ..., FT_LOAD_FORCE_AUTOHINT );

### FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_XXX

Defined in FT_AUTOHINTER_H (freetype/ftautoh.h).

    #define FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_NONE   0
    #define FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_LATIN  1
    #define FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_CJK    2
    #define FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_INDIC  3

Experimental only

A list of constants used for the glyph-to-script-map property to specify the script submodule the auto-hinter should use for hinting a particular glyph.

#### values

FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_NONE | Don't auto-hint this glyph.

FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_LATIN

Apply the latin auto-hinter. For the auto-hinter, ‘latin’ is a very broad term, including Cyrillic and Greek also since characters from those scripts share the same design constraints.

By default, characters from the following Unicode ranges are assigned to this submodule.

      U+0020 - U+007F  // Basic Latin (no control characters)
      U+00A0 - U+00FF  // Latin-1 Supplement (no control characters)
      U+0100 - U+017F  // Latin Extended-A
      U+0180 - U+024F  // Latin Extended-B
      U+0250 - U+02AF  // IPA Extensions
      U+02B0 - U+02FF  // Spacing Modifier Letters
      U+0300 - U+036F  // Combining Diacritical Marks
      U+0370 - U+03FF  // Greek and Coptic
      U+0400 - U+04FF  // Cyrillic
      U+0500 - U+052F  // Cyrillic Supplement
      U+1D00 - U+1D7F  // Phonetic Extensions
      U+1D80 - U+1DBF  // Phonetic Extensions Supplement
      U+1DC0 - U+1DFF  // Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement
      U+1E00 - U+1EFF  // Latin Extended Additional
      U+1F00 - U+1FFF  // Greek Extended
      U+2000 - U+206F  // General Punctuation
      U+2070 - U+209F  // Superscripts and Subscripts
      U+20A0 - U+20CF  // Currency Symbols
      U+2150 - U+218F  // Number Forms
      U+2460 - U+24FF  // Enclosed Alphanumerics
      U+2C60 - U+2C7F  // Latin Extended-C
      U+2DE0 - U+2DFF  // Cyrillic Extended-A
      U+2E00 - U+2E7F  // Supplemental Punctuation
      U+A640 - U+A69F  // Cyrillic Extended-B
      U+A720 - U+A7FF  // Latin Extended-D
      U+FB00 - U+FB06  // Alphab. Present. Forms (Latin Ligatures)
     U+1D400 - U+1D7FF // Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols
     U+1F100 - U+1F1FF // Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement

FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_CJK

Apply the CJK auto-hinter, covering Chinese, Japanese, Korean, old Vietnamese, and some other scripts.

By default, characters from the following Unicode ranges are assigned to this submodule.

      U+1100 - U+11FF  // Hangul Jamo
      U+2E80 - U+2EFF  // CJK Radicals Supplement
      U+2F00 - U+2FDF  // Kangxi Radicals
      U+2FF0 - U+2FFF  // Ideographic Description Characters
      U+3000 - U+303F  // CJK Symbols and Punctuation
      U+3040 - U+309F  // Hiragana
      U+30A0 - U+30FF  // Katakana
      U+3100 - U+312F  // Bopomofo
      U+3130 - U+318F  // Hangul Compatibility Jamo
      U+3190 - U+319F  // Kanbun
      U+31A0 - U+31BF  // Bopomofo Extended
      U+31C0 - U+31EF  // CJK Strokes
      U+31F0 - U+31FF  // Katakana Phonetic Extensions
      U+3200 - U+32FF  // Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
      U+3300 - U+33FF  // CJK Compatibility
      U+3400 - U+4DBF  // CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A
      U+4DC0 - U+4DFF  // Yijing Hexagram Symbols
      U+4E00 - U+9FFF  // CJK Unified Ideographs
      U+A960 - U+A97F  // Hangul Jamo Extended-A
      U+AC00 - U+D7AF  // Hangul Syllables
      U+D7B0 - U+D7FF  // Hangul Jamo Extended-B
      U+F900 - U+FAFF  // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
      U+FE10 - U+FE1F  // Vertical forms
      U+FE30 - U+FE4F  // CJK Compatibility Forms
      U+FF00 - U+FFEF  // Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
     U+1B000 - U+1B0FF // Kana Supplement
     U+1D300 - U+1D35F // Tai Xuan Hing Symbols
     U+1F200 - U+1F2FF // Enclosed Ideographic Supplement
     U+20000 - U+2A6DF // CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B
     U+2A700 - U+2B73F // CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C
     U+2B740 - U+2B81F // CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D
     U+2F800 - U+2FA1F // CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_INDIC

Apply the indic auto-hinter, covering all major scripts from the Indian sub-continent and some other related scripts like Thai, Lao, or Tibetan.

By default, characters from the following Unicode ranges are assigned to this submodule.

      U+0900 - U+0DFF  // Indic Range
      U+0F00 - U+0FFF  // Tibetan
      U+1900 - U+194F  // Limbu
      U+1B80 - U+1BBF  // Sundanese
      U+A800 - U+A82F  // Syloti Nagri
      U+ABC0 - U+ABFF  // Meetei Mayek
     U+11800 - U+118DF // Sharada

Note that currently Indic support is rudimentary only, missing blue zone support.

### FT_Prop_GlyphToScriptMap

Defined in FT_AUTOHINTER_H (freetype/ftautoh.h).

      typedef struct  FT_Prop_GlyphToScriptMap_
      {
        FT_Face     face;
        FT_UShort*  map;

      } FT_Prop_GlyphToScriptMap;

Experimental only

The data exchange structure for the glyph-to-script-map property.

### fallback-script

Experimental only

If no auto-hinter script module can be assigned to a glyph, a fallback script gets assigned to it (see also the glyph-to-script-map property). By default, this is FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_CJK. Using the ‘fallback-script’ property, this fallback value can be changed.

      FT_Library  library;
      FT_UInt     fallback_script = FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_NONE;

      FT_Init_FreeType( &library );

      FT_Property_Set( library, "autofitter",
                                "fallback-script", &fallback_script );

#### note

This property can be used with FT_Property_Get also.

It's important to use the right timing for changing this value: The creation of the glyph-to-script map that eventually uses the fallback script value gets triggered either by setting or reading a face-specific property like glyph-to-script-map, or by auto-hinting any glyph from that face. In particular, if you have already created an FT_Face structure but not loaded any glyph (using the auto-hinter), a change of the fallback script will affect this face.

### default-script

Experimental only

If FreeType gets compiled with FT_CONFIG_OPTION_USE_HARFBUZZ to make the HarfBuzz library access OpenType features for getting better glyph coverages, this property sets the (auto-fitter) script to be used for the default (OpenType) script data of a font's GSUB table. Features for the default script are intended for all scripts not explicitly handled in GSUB; an example is a ‘dlig’ feature, containing the combination of the characters ‘T’, ‘E’, and ‘L’ to form a ‘TEL’ ligature.

By default, this is FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_LATIN. Using the ‘default-script’ property, this default value can be changed.

      FT_Library  library;
      FT_UInt     default_script = FT_AUTOHINTER_SCRIPT_NONE;

      FT_Init_FreeType( &library );

      FT_Property_Set( library, "autofitter",
                                "default-script", &default_script );

#### note

This property can be used with FT_Property_Get also.

It's important to use the right timing for changing this value: The creation of the glyph-to-script map that eventually uses the default script value gets triggered either by setting or reading a face-specific property like glyph-to-script-map, or by auto-hinting any glyph from that face. In particular, if you have already created an FT_Face structure but not loaded any glyph (using the auto-hinter), a change of the default script will affect this face.

### increase-x-height

For ppem values in the range 6 <= ppem <= ‘increase-x-height’, round up the font's x height much more often than normally. If the value is set to 0, which is the default, this feature is switched off. Use this property to improve the legibility of small font sizes if necessary.

      FT_Library               library;
      FT_Face                  face;
      FT_Prop_IncreaseXHeight  prop;

      FT_Init_FreeType( &library );
      FT_New_Face( library, "foo.ttf", 0, &face );
      FT_Set_Char_Size( face, 10 * 64, 0, 72, 0 );

      prop.face  = face;
      prop.limit = 14;

      FT_Property_Set( library, "autofitter",
                                "increase-x-height", &prop );

#### note

This property can be used with FT_Property_Get also.

Set this value right after calling FT_Set_Char_Size, but before loading any glyph (using the auto-hinter).

### FT_Prop_IncreaseXHeight

Defined in FT_AUTOHINTER_H (freetype/ftautoh.h).

      typedef struct  FT_Prop_IncreaseXHeight_
      {
        FT_Face  face;
        FT_UInt  limit;

      } FT_Prop_IncreaseXHeight;

The data exchange structure for the increase-x-height property.

### warping

Experimental only

If FreeType gets compiled with option AF_CONFIG_OPTION_USE_WARPER to activate the warp hinting code in the auto-hinter, this property switches warping on and off.

Warping only works in ‘normal’ auto-hinting mode replacing it. The idea of the code is to slightly scale and shift a glyph along the non-hinted dimension (which is usually the horizontal axis) so that as much of its segments are aligned (more or less) to the grid. To find out a glyph's optimal scaling and shifting value, various parameter combinations are tried and scored.

By default, warping is off. The example below shows how to switch on warping (omitting the error handling).

      FT_Library  library;
      FT_Bool     warping = 1;

      FT_Init_FreeType( &library );

      FT_Property_Set( library, "autofitter",
                                "warping", &warping );

#### note

This property can be used with FT_Property_Get also.

This property can be set via the ‘FREETYPE_PROPERTIES’ environment variable (using values 1 and 0 for ‘on’ and ‘off’, respectively).

The warping code can also change advance widths. Have a look at the ‘lsb_delta’ and ‘rsb_delta’ fields in the FT_GlyphSlotRec structure for details on improving inter-glyph distances while rendering.

Since warping is a global property of the auto-hinter it is best to change its value before rendering any face. Otherwise, you should reload all faces that get auto-hinted in ‘normal’ hinting mode.

### no-stem-darkening

Experimental only, requires linear alpha blending and gamma correction

Stem darkening emboldens glyphs at smaller sizes to make them more readable on common low-DPI screens when using linear alpha blending and gamma correction, see FT_Render_Glyph. When not using linear alpha blending and gamma correction, glyphs will appear heavy and fuzzy!

Gamma correction essentially lightens fonts since shades of grey are shifted to higher pixel values (= higher brightness) to match the original intention to the reality of our screens. The side-effect is that glyphs ‘thin out’. Mac OS X and Adobe's proprietary font rendering library implement a counter-measure: stem darkening at smaller sizes where shades of gray dominate. By emboldening a glyph slightly in relation to its pixel size, individual pixels get higher coverage of filled-in outlines and are therefore ‘blacker’. This counteracts the ‘thinning out’ of glyphs, making text remain readable at smaller sizes. All glyphs that pass through the auto-hinter will be emboldened unless this property is set to TRUE.

See the description of the CFF driver for algorithmic details. Total consistency with the CFF driver is currently not achieved because the emboldening method differs and glyphs must be scaled down on the Y-axis to keep outline points inside their precomputed blue zones. The smaller the size (especially 9ppem and down), the higher the loss of emboldening versus the CFF driver.

This property can be set via the ‘FREETYPE_PROPERTIES’ environment variable similar to the CFF driver. It can also be set per face using FT_Face_Properties with FT_PARAM_TAG_STEM_DARKENING.

### FT_PARAM_TAG_STEM_DARKENING

Defined in FT_AUTOHINTER_H (freetype/ftautoh.h).

    #define FT_PARAM_TAG_STEM_DARKENING \
              FT_MAKE_TAG( 'd', 'a', 'r', 'k' )

An FT_Parameter tag to be used with FT_Face_Properties. The corresponding Boolean argument specifies whether to apply stem darkening, overriding the global default values or the values set up with FT_Property_Set (see no-stem-darkening and no-stem-darkening).

This is a passive setting that only takes effect if the font driver or autohinter honors it, which the CFF driver always does, but the autohinter only in ‘light’ hinting mode (as of version 2.7.0).

### darkening-parameters

Experimental only

See the description of the CFF driver for details. This implementation appropriates the CFF_CONFIG_OPTION_DARKENING_PARAMETER_* #defines for consistency. Note the differences described in no-stem-darkening.

This property can be set via the ‘FREETYPE_PROPERTIES’ environment variable similar to the CFF driver.