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# clay(n) 0.8.6 tcllib "Clay Framework"

## Name

clay - A minimalist framework for large scale OO Projects

## Synopsis

- package require Tcl 8.6
- package require uuid
- package require oo::dialect

- proc clay::PROC name arglist body ?ninja ?
- proc clay::_ancestors resultvar class
- proc clay::ancestors ?args?
- proc clay::args_to_dict ?args?
- proc clay::args_to_options ?args?
- proc clay::dynamic_arguments ensemble method arglist ?args?
- proc clay::dynamic_wrongargs_message arglist
- proc clay::is_dict d
- proc clay::is_null value
- proc clay::leaf ?args?
- proc clay::K a b
- proc clay::noop ?args?
- proc clay::cleanup
- proc clay::object_create objname ?class ?
- proc clay::object_rename object newname
- proc clay::object_destroy ?args?
- proc clay::path ?args?
- proc clay::putb ?map? text
- proc clay::script_path
- proc clay::NSNormalize qualname
- proc clay::uuid_generate ?args?
- proc clay::uuid::generate_tcl_machinfo
- proc clay::uuid::tostring uuid
- proc clay::uuid::fromstring uuid
- proc clay::uuid::equal left right
- proc clay::uuid cmd ?args?
- proc clay::tree::sanitize dict
- proc clay::tree::_sanitizeb path varname dict
- proc clay::tree::storage rawpath
- proc clay::tree::dictset varname ?args?
- proc clay::tree::dictmerge varname ?args?
- proc clay::tree::merge ?args?
- proc dictargs::proc name argspec body
- proc dictargs::method name argspec body
- proc clay::dialect::Push class
- proc clay::dialect::Peek
- proc clay::dialect::Pop
- proc clay::dialect::create name ?parent ?
- proc clay::dialect::NSNormalize namespace qualname
- proc clay::dialect::DefineThunk target ?args?
- proc clay::dialect::Canonical namespace NSpace class
- proc clay::dialect::Define namespace class ?args?
- proc clay::dialect::Aliases namespace ?args?
- proc clay::dialect::SuperClass namespace ?args?
- proc clay::dynamic_methods class
- proc clay::dynamic_methods_class thisclass
- proc clay::define::Array name ?values ?
- proc clay::define::Delegate name info
- proc clay::define::constructor arglist rawbody
- proc clay::define::Class_Method name arglist body
- proc clay::define::class_method name arglist body
- proc clay::define::clay ?args?
- proc clay::define::destructor rawbody
- proc clay::define::Dict name ?values ?
- proc clay::define::Option name ?args?
- proc clay::define::Method name argstyle argspec body
- proc clay::define::Option_Class name ?args?
- proc clay::define::Variable name ?default ?
- proc clay::ensemble_methodbody ensemble einfo
- proc clay::define::Ensemble rawmethod ?args?
- proc clay::event::cancel self ?task *?
- proc clay::event::generate self event ?args?
- proc clay::event::nextid
- proc clay::event::Notification_list self event ?stackvar ?
- proc clay::event::notify rcpt sender event eventinfo
- proc clay::event::process self handle script
- proc clay::event::schedule self handle interval script
- proc clay::event::subscribe self who event
- proc clay::event::unsubscribe self ?args?
- proc clay::singleton name script
- method clay ancestors
- method clay dump
- method clay find path ?path...?
- method clay get path ?path...?
- method clay GET path ?path...?
- method clay merge dict ?dict...?
- method clay replace dictionary
- method clay search path ?path...?
- method clay set path ?path...? value
- method clay ancestors
- method clay cache path value
- method clay cget field
- method clay delegate ?stub? ?object?
- method clay dump
- method clay ensemble_map
- method clay eval script
- method clay evolve
- method clay exists path ?path...?
- method clay flush
- method clay forward method object
- method clay get path ?path...?
- method clay leaf path ?path...?
- method clay merge dict ?dict...?
- method clay mixin class ?class...?
- method clay mixinmap ?stub? ?classes?
- method clay provenance path ?path...?
- method clay replace dictionary
- method clay search path valuevar isleafvar
- method clay source filename
- method clay set path ?path...? value
- method InitializePublic

## Description

Clay introduces a method ensemble to both oo::class and oo::object called clay. This ensemble handles all of the high level interactions within the framework. Clay stores structured data. Clan manages method delegation. Clay has facilities to manage the complex interactions that come about with mixins.

The central concept is that inside of every object and class (which are actually objects too) is a dict called clay. What is stored in that dict is left to the imagination. But because this dict is exposed via a public method, we can share structured data between object, classes, and mixins.

### Structured Data

Clay uses a standardized set of method interactions and introspection that TclOO already provides to perform on-the-fly searches. On-the-fly searches mean that the data is never stale, and we avoid many of the sorts of collisions that would arise when objects start mixing in other classes during operation.

The clay methods for both classes and objects have a get and a set method. For objects, get will search through the local clay dict. If the requested leaf is not found, or the query is for a branch, the system will then begin to poll the clay methods of all of the class that implements the object, all of that classes’ ancestors, as well as all of the classes that have been mixed into this object, and all of their ancestors.

Intended branches on a tree end with a directory slash (/). Intended leaves are left unadorned. This is a guide for the tool that builds the search results to know what parts of a dict are intended to be branches and which are intended to be leaves. For simple cases, branch marking can be ignored:

    ::oo::class create ::foo { }
    ::foo clay set property/ color blue
    ::foo clay set property/ shape round
    set A [::foo new]
    $A clay get property/
    {color blue shape round}
    $A clay set property/ shape square
    $A clay get property/
    {color blue shape square}

But when you start storing blocks of text, guessing what field is a dict and what isn’t gets messy:

    ::foo clay set description {A generic thing of designated color and shape}
    $A clay get description
    {A generic thing of designated color and shape}
    Without a convention for discerning branches for leaves what should have been a value can be accidentally parsed as a dictionary, and merged with all of the other values that were never intended to be merge. Here is an example of it all going wrong:
    ::oo::class create ::foo { }
    # Add description as a leaf
    ::foo clay set description  {A generic thing of designated color and shape}
    # Add description as a branch
    ::foo clay set description/  {A generic thing of designated color and shape}
    ::oo::class create ::bar {
      superclass foo
    }
    # Add description as a leaf
    ::bar clay set description  {A drinking establishment of designated color and shape and size}
    # Add description as a branch
    ::bar clay set description/  {A drinking establishment of designated color and shape and size}
    set B [::bar new]
    # As a leaf we get the value verbatim from he nearest ancestor
    $B clay get description
      {A drinking establishment of designated color and shape and size}
    # As a branch we get a recursive merge
    $B clay get description/
    {A drinking establishment of designated color and size thing of}

### Clay Dialect

Clay is built using the oo::dialect module from Tcllib. oo::dialect allows you to either add keywords directly to clay, or to create your own metaclass and keyword set using Clay as a foundation. For details on the keywords and what they do, consult the functions in the ::clay::define namespace.

### Method Delegation

Method Delegation It is sometimes useful to have an external object that can be invoked as if it were a method of the object. Clay provides a delegate ensemble method to perform that delegation, as well as introspect which methods are delegated in that manner. All delegated methods are marked with html-like tag markings (< >) around them.

    ::clay::define counter {
      Variable counter 0
      method incr {{howmuch 1}} {
        my variable counter
        incr counter $howmuch
      }
      method value {} {
        my variable counter
        return $counter
      }
      method reset {} {
        my variable counter
        set counter 0
      }
    }
    ::clay::define example {
      variable buffer
      constructor {} {
        # Build a counter object
        set obj [namespace current]::counter
        ::counter create $obj
        # Delegate the counter
        my delegate <counter> $obj
      }
      method line {text} {
        my <counter> incr
        append buffer $text
      }
    }
    set A [example new]
    $A line {Who’s line is it anyway?}
    $A <counter> value
    1

## Commands

proc clay::PROC name arglist body ?ninja ?

  Because many features in this package may be added as commands to future tcl cores, or be provided in binary form by packages, I need a declaritive way of saying Create this command if there isn't one already. The ninja argument is a script to execute if the command is created by this mechanism.

proc clay::_ancestors resultvar class
proc clay::ancestors ?args?
proc clay::args_to_dict ?args?
proc clay::args_to_options ?args?
proc clay::dynamic_arguments ensemble method arglist ?args?
proc clay::dynamic_wrongargs_message arglist
proc clay::is_dict d
proc clay::is_null value
proc clay::leaf ?args?
proc clay::K a b
proc clay::noop ?args?

  Perform a noop. Useful in prototyping for commenting out blocks of code without actually having to comment them out. It also makes a handy default for method delegation if a delegate has not been assigned yet.

proc clay::cleanup

  Process the queue of objects to be destroyed

proc clay::object_create objname ?class ?
proc clay::object_rename object newname
proc clay::object_destroy ?args?

  Mark an objects for destruction on the next cleanup

proc clay::path ?args?
proc clay::putb ?map? text

  Append a line of text to a variable. Optionally apply a string mapping.

proc clay::script_path
proc clay::NSNormalize qualname
proc clay::uuid_generate ?args?
proc clay::uuid::generate_tcl_machinfo
proc clay::uuid::tostring uuid
proc clay::uuid::fromstring uuid

  Convert a string representation of a uuid into its binary format.

proc clay::uuid::equal left right

  Compare two uuids for equality.

proc clay::uuid cmd ?args?

  uuid generate -> string rep of a new uuid uuid equal uuid1 uuid2

proc clay::tree::sanitize dict

  Output a dictionary removing any . entries added by clay::tree::merge

proc clay::tree::_sanitizeb path varname dict

  Helper function for ::clay::tree::sanitize Formats the string representation for a dictionary element within a human readable stream of lines, and determines if it needs to call itself with further indentation to express a sub-branch

proc clay::tree::storage rawpath

  Return the path as a storage path for clay::tree with all branch terminators removed. This command will also break arguments up if they contain /.

  Example:

       > clay::tree::storage {foo bar baz bang}
       foo bar baz bang
       > clay::tree::storage {foo bar baz bang/}
       foo bar baz bang
       > clay::tree::storage {foo bar baz bang:}
       foo bar baz bang:
       > clay::tree::storage {foo/bar/baz bang:}
       foo bar baz bang:
       > clay::tree::storage {foo/bar/baz/bang}
       foo bar baz bang

proc clay::tree::dictset varname ?args?

  Set an element with a recursive dictionary, marking all branches on the way down to the final element. If the value does not exists in the nested dictionary it is added as a leaf. If the value already exists as a branch the value given is merged if the value is a valid dict. If the incoming value is not a valid dict, the value overrides the value stored, and the value is treated as a leaf from then on.

  Example:

       > set r {}
       > ::clay::tree::dictset r option color default Green
       . {} option {. {} color {. {} default Green}}
       > ::clay::tree::dictset r option {Something not dictlike}
       . {} option {Something not dictlike}
       # Note that if the value is not a dict, and you try to force it to be
       # an error with be thrown on the merge
       > ::clay::tree::dictset r option color default Blue
       missing value to go with key

proc clay::tree::dictmerge varname ?args?

  A recursive form of dict merge, intended for modifying variables in place.

  Example:

       > set mydict {sub/ {sub/ {description {a block of text}}}}
       > ::clay::tree::dictmerge mydict {sub/ {sub/ {field {another block of text}}}}]
       > clay::tree::print $mydict
       sub/ {
         sub/ {
           description {a block of text}
           field {another block of text}
         }
       }

proc clay::tree::merge ?args?

  A recursive form of dict merge

  A routine to recursively dig through dicts and merge adapted from http://stevehavelka.com/tcl-dict-operation-nested-merge/

  Example:

       > set mydict {sub/ {sub/ {description {a block of text}}}}
       > set odict [clay::tree::merge $mydict {sub/ {sub/ {field {another block of text}}}}]
       > clay::tree::print $odict
       sub/ {
         sub/ {
           description {a block of text}
           field {another block of text}
         }
       }

proc dictargs::proc name argspec body

  Named Procedures as new command

proc dictargs::method name argspec body
proc clay::dialect::Push class
proc clay::dialect::Peek
proc clay::dialect::Pop
proc clay::dialect::create name ?parent ?

  This proc will generate a namespace, a "mother of all classes", and a rudimentary set of policies for this dialect.

proc clay::dialect::NSNormalize namespace qualname

  Support commands; not intended to be called directly.

proc clay::dialect::DefineThunk target ?args?
proc clay::dialect::Canonical namespace NSpace class
proc clay::dialect::Define namespace class ?args?

  Implementation of the languages' define command

proc clay::dialect::Aliases namespace ?args?
proc clay::dialect::SuperClass namespace ?args?
proc clay::dynamic_methods class
proc clay::dynamic_methods_class thisclass
proc clay::define::Array name ?values ?

  New OO Keywords for clay

proc clay::define::Delegate name info

  An annotation that objects of this class interact with delegated methods. The annotation is intended to be a dictionary, and the only reserved key is description, a human readable description.

proc clay::define::constructor arglist rawbody
proc clay::define::Class_Method name arglist body

  Specify the a method for the class object itself, instead of for objects of the class

proc clay::define::class_method name arglist body

  And alias to the new Class_Method keyword

proc clay::define::clay ?args?
proc clay::define::destructor rawbody
proc clay::define::Dict name ?values ?
proc clay::define::Option name ?args?

  Define an option for the class

proc clay::define::Method name argstyle argspec body
proc clay::define::Option_Class name ?args?

  Define a class of options All field / value pairs will be be inherited by an option that specify name as it class field.

proc clay::define::Variable name ?default ?

  This keyword can also be expressed:

      property variable NAME {default DEFAULT}

  Variables registered in the variable property are also initialized (if missing) when the object changes class via the morph method.

proc clay::ensemble_methodbody ensemble einfo

  Produce the body of an ensemble's public dispatch method ensemble is the name of the the ensemble. einfo is a dictionary of methods for the ensemble, and each value is a script to execute on dispatch

  Example:

       ::clay::ensemble_methodbody foo {
         bar {tailcall my Foo_bar {*}$args}
         baz {tailcall my Foo_baz {*}$args}
         clock {return [clock seconds]}
         default {puts "You gave me $method"}
       }

proc clay::define::Ensemble rawmethod ?args?
proc clay::event::cancel self ?task *?

  Cancel a scheduled event

proc clay::event::generate self event ?args?

  Generate an event Adds a subscription mechanism for objects to see who has recieved this event and prevent spamming or infinite recursion

proc clay::event::nextid
proc clay::event::Notification_list self event ?stackvar ?

  Called recursively to produce a list of who recieves notifications

proc clay::event::notify rcpt sender event eventinfo

  Final delivery to intended recipient object

proc clay::event::process self handle script

  Evaluate an event script in the global namespace

proc clay::event::schedule self handle interval script

  Schedule an event to occur later

proc clay::event::subscribe self who event

  Subscribe an object to an event pattern

proc clay::event::unsubscribe self ?args?

  Unsubscribe an object from an event pattern

proc clay::singleton name script

  An object which is intended to be it's own class.

## Classes

### Class clay::class

Methods

method clay ancestors

  Return this class and all ancestors in search order.

method clay dump

  Return a complete dump of this object's clay data, but only this object's clay data.

method clay find path ?path...?

  Pull a chunk of data from the clay system. If the last element of path is a branch, returns a recursive merge of all data from this object and it's constituent classes of the data in that branch. If the last element is a leaf, search this object for a matching leaf, or search all constituent classes for a matching leaf and return the first value found. If no value is found, returns an empty string. If a branch is returned the topmost . entry is omitted.

method clay get path ?path...?

  Pull a chunk of data from the class's clay system. If no value is found, returns an empty string. If a branch is returned the topmost . entry is omitted.

method clay GET path ?path...?

  Pull a chunk of data from the class's clay system. If no value is found, returns an empty string.

method clay merge dict ?dict...?

  Recursively merge the dictionaries given into the object's local clay storage.

method clay replace dictionary

  Replace the contents of the internal clay storage with the dictionary given.

method clay search path ?path...?

  Return the first matching value for the path in either this class's clay data or one of its ancestors

method clay set path ?path...? value

  Merge the conents of value with the object's clay storage at path.

### Class clay::object

clay::object This class is inherited by all classes that have options.

Methods

method clay ancestors

  Return the class this object belongs to, all classes mixed into this object, and all ancestors of those classes in search order.

method clay cache path value

  Store VALUE in such a way that request in SEARCH for PATH will always return it until the cache is flushed

method clay cget field

  Pull a value from either the object's clay structure or one of its constituent classes that matches the field name. The order of search us:

  1. The as a value in local dict variable config

  2. The as a value in local dict variable clay

  3. As a leaf in any ancestor as a root of the clay tree

  4. As a leaf in any ancestor as const field

  5. As a leaf in any ancestor as option field default

method clay delegate ?stub? ?object?

  Introspect or control method delegation. With no arguments, the method will return a key/value list of stubs and objects. With just the stub argument, the method will return the object (if any) attached to the stub. With a stub and an object this command will forward all calls to the method stub to the object.

method clay dump

  Return a complete dump of this object's clay data, as well as the data from all constituent classes recursively blended in.

method clay ensemble_map

  Return a dictionary describing the method ensembles to be assembled for this object

method clay eval script

  Evaluated a script in the namespace of this object

method clay evolve

  Trigger the InitializePublic private method

method clay exists path ?path...?

  Returns 1 if path exists in either the object's clay data. Values greater than one indicate the element exists in one of the object's constituent classes. A value of zero indicates the path could not be found.

method clay flush

  Wipe any caches built by the clay implementation

method clay forward method object

  A convenience wrapper for

      oo::objdefine [self] forward {*}$args

method clay get path ?path...?

  Pull a chunk of data from the clay system. If the last element of path is a branch (ends in a slash /), returns a recursive merge of all data from this object and it's constituent classes of the data in that branch. If the last element is a leaf, search this object for a matching leaf, or search all constituent classes for a matching leaf and return the first value found. If no value is found, returns an empty string.

method clay leaf path ?path...?

  A modified get which is tailored to pull only leaf elements

method clay merge dict ?dict...?

  Recursively merge the dictionaries given into the object's local clay storage.

method clay mixin class ?class...?

  Perform [oo::objdefine [self] mixin] on this object, with a few additional rules: Prior to the call, for any class was previously mixed in, but not in the new result, execute the script registered to mixin/ unmap-script (if given.) For all new classes, that were not present prior to this call, after the native TclOO mixin is invoked, execute the script registered to mixin/ map-script (if given.) Fall all classes that are now present and “mixed in”, execute the script registered to mixin/ react-script (if given.)

method clay mixinmap ?stub? ?classes?

  With no arguments returns the map of stubs and classes mixed into the current object. When only stub is given, returns the classes mixed in on that stub. When stub and classlist given, replace the classes currently on that stub with the given classes and invoke clay mixin on the new matrix of mixed in classes.

method clay provenance path ?path...?

  Return either self if that path exists in the current object, or return the first class (if any) along the clay search path which contains that element.

method clay replace dictionary

  Replace the contents of the internal clay storage with the dictionary given.

method clay search path valuevar isleafvar

  Return true, and set valuevar to the value and isleafar to true for false if PATH was found in the cache.

method clay source filename

  Source the given filename within the object's namespace

method clay set path ?path...? value

  Merge the conents of value with the object's clay storage at path.

method InitializePublic

  Instantiate variables. Called on object creation and during clay mixin.

## AUTHORS

Sean Woods mailto:<yoda@etoyoc.com>

## Bugs, Ideas, Feedback

This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems. Please report such in the category oo of the Tcllib Trackers. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either package and/or documentation.

When proposing code changes, please provide unified diffs, i.e the output of diff -u.

Note further that attachments are strongly preferred over inlined patches. Attachments can be made by going to the Edit form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then using the left-most button in the secondary navigation bar.

## Keywords

TclOO, oo

## Category

Programming tools

## Copyright

Copyright © 2018 Sean Woods <yoda@etoyoc.com>