ATF-TEST-CASE(4)

NAME
atf-test-case - generic description of test cases

DESCRIPTION
A test case is a piece of code that stress-tests a specific feature of the software. This feature is typically self-contained enough, either in the amount of code that implements it or in the general idea that describes it, to warrant its independent testing. Given this, test cases are very fine-grained, but they attempt to group similar smaller tests which are semantically related.

A test case is defined by three components regardless of the language it is implemented in: a header, a body and a cleanup routine. The header is, basically, a declarative piece of code that defines several properties to describe what the test case does and how it behaves. In other words: it defines the test case's meta-data, further described in the Meta-data section. The body is the test case itself. It executes all actions needed to reproduce the test, and checks for failures. This body is only executed if the abstract conditions specified by the header are met. The cleanup routine is a piece of code always executed after the body, regardless of the exit status of the test case. It can be used to undo side-effects of the test case. Note that almost all side-effects of a test case are automatically cleaned up by the library; this is explained in more detail in the rest of this document.

It is extremely important to keep the separation between a test case's header and body well-defined, because the header is always parsed, whereas the body is only executed when the conditions defined in the header are met and when the user specifies that test case.

At last, test cases are always contained into test programs. The test programs act as a front-end to them, providing a consistent interface to the user and several APIs to ease their implementation.

  Results
Upon termination, a test case reports a status and, optionally, a textual reason describing why the test reported such status. The caller must ensure that the test case really performed the task that its status describes, as the test program may be bogus and therefore providing a misleading result (e.g. providing a result that indicates success but the error code of the program says otherwise).

The possible exit status of a test case are one of the following:

expected_death
    The test case expects to terminate abruptly.

expected_exit
    The test case expects to exit cleanly.

expected_failure
    The test case expects to exit with a controller fatal/non-fatal failure. If this happens, the test program exits with a success error code.

expected_signal
    The test case expects to receive a signal that makes it terminate.

expected_timeout
    The test case expects to execute for longer than its timeout.

passed
    The test case was executed successfully. The test program exits with a success error code.

skipped
    The test case could not be executed because some preconditions were not met. This is not a failure because it can typically be resolved by adjusting the system to meet the necessary conditions. This is always accompanied by a reason, a message describing why the test was skipped. The test program exits with a success error code.

failed
    An error appeared during the execution of the test case. This is always accompanied by a reason, a message describing why the test failed. The test program exits with a failure error code.

The usefulness of the ‘expected_*’ results comes when writing test cases that verify known failures caused, in general, due to programming errors (aka bugs). Whenever the faulty condition that the expectation is trying to convery is fixed, then the test case will be reported as ‘failed’ and the developer will have to adjust it to match its new condition.

It is important to note that all ‘expected_*’ results are only provided as a hint to the caller; the caller must verify that the test case did actually terminate as the expected condition says.

  Input/output
Test cases are free to print whatever they want to their stdout(4) and stderr(4) file descriptors. They are, in fact, encouraged to print status information as they execute to keep the user informed of their actions. This is specially important for long test cases.

Test cases will log their results to an auxiliary file, which is then collected by the test program they are contained in. The developer need not care about this as long as he uses the correct APIs to implement the test cases.

The standard input of the test cases is unconditionally connected to ‘/dev/zero’.

  Meta-data
The following list describes all meta-data properties interpreted internally by ATF. You are free to define new properties in your test cases and use them as you wish, but non-standard properties must be prefixed by ‘X-’.

descr
    Type: textual. Required.

    A brief textual description of the test case's purpose. Will be shown to the user in reports. Also good for documentation purposes.

has.cleanup
    Type: boolean. Optional.

    If set to true, specifies that the test case has a cleanup routine that has to be executed by atf-run(1) during the cleanup phase of the execution. This property is automatically set by the framework when defining a test case with a cleanup routine, so it should never be set by hand.

ident
    Type: textual. Required.

    The test case's identifier. Must be unique inside the test program and should be short but descriptive.

require.arch
    Type: textual. Optional.

    A whitespace separated list of architectures that the test case can be run under without causing errors due to an architecture mismatch.

require.config
    Type: textual. Optional.

    A whitespace separated list of configuration variables that must be defined to execute the test case. If any of the required variables is not defined, the test case is skipped.

require.files
    Type: textual. Optional.

    A whitespace separated list of files that must be present to execute the test case. The names of these files must be absolute paths. If any of the required files is not found, the test case is skipped.

require.machine
    Type: textual. Optional.

    A whitespace separated list of machine types that the test case can be run under without causing errors due to a machine type mismatch.

require.memory
    Type: integer. Optional. Specifies the minimum amount of physical memory needed by the test. The value can have a size suffix such as ‘K’, ‘M’, ‘G’ or ‘T’ to make the amount of bytes easier to type and read.

require.progs
    Type: textual. Optional.

    A whitespace separated list of programs that must be present to execute the test case. These can be given as plain names, in which case they are looked in the user's PATH, or as absolute paths. If any of the required programs is not found, the test case is skipped.

require.user
    Type: textual. Optional.

    The required privileges to execute the test case. Can be one of ‘root’ or ‘unprivileged’.

    If the test case is running as a regular user and this property is ‘root’, the test case is skipped.

    If the test case is running as root and this property is ‘unprivileged’, atf-run(1) will automatically drop the privileges if the ‘unprivileged-user’ configuration property is set; otherwise the test case is skipped.

timeout
    Type: integral. Optional; defaults to ‘300’.

    Specifies the maximum amount of time the test case can run. This is particularly useful because some tests can stall either because they are incorrectly coded or because they trigger an anomalous behavior of the program. It is not acceptable for these tests to stall the whole execution of the test program.

    Can optionally be set to zero, in which case the test case has no run-time limit. This is discouraged.

  Environment
Every time a test case is executed, several environment variables are cleared or reseted to sane values to ensure they do not make the test fail due to unexpected conditions. These variables are:

HOME
    Set to the work directory's path.

LANG
    Undefined.

LC_ALL
    Undefined.

LC_COLLATE
    Undefined.

LC_CTYPE
    Undefined.

LC_MESSAGES
    Undefined.

LC_MONETARY
    Undefined.

LC_NUMERIC
    Undefined.

LC_TIME
    Undefined.

TZ  Hardcoded to ‘UTC’.

  Work directories
The test program always creates a temporary directory and switches to it before running the test case's body. This way the test case is free to modify its current directory as it wishes, and the runtime engine will be able to clean it up later on in a safe way, removing any traces of its execution from the system. To do so, the runtime engine will perform a recursive removal of the work directory without crossing mount points; if a mount point is found, the file system will be unmounted (if possible).

  File creation mode mask (umask)
Test cases are always executed with a file creation mode mask (umask) of ‘0022’. The test case's code is free to change this during execution.

SEE ALSO
atf-run(1), atf-test-program(1), atf-formats(5), atf(7)