pvsosc
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## pvsosc

pvsosc — PVS-based oscillator simulator.

## Description

Generates periodic signal spectra in AMP-FREQ format, with the option of four wave types:

1. sawtooth-like (harmonic weight 1/n, where n is partial number)
2. square-like (similar to 1., but only odd partials)
3. pulse (all harmonics with same weight)
4. cosine

Complex waveforms (ie. all types except cosine) contain all harmonics up to the Nyquist. This makes pvsosc an option for generation of band-limited periodic waves. In addition, types can be changed using a k-rate variable.

## Syntax

    fsig pvsosc kamp, kfreq, ktype, isize [,ioverlap] [, iwinsize] [, iwintype] [, iformat]

## Initialisation

fsig -- output pv stream set to zero.

isize -- size of analysis frame and window.

ioverlap -- (Optional) size of overlap, defaults to isize/4.

iwinsize -- (Optional) window size, defaults to isize.

iwintype -- (Optional) window type, defaults to Hanning. The choices are currently:

- 0 = Hamming window

- 1 = von Hann window

iformat -- (Optional) data format, defaults to 0 which produces AMP:FREQ data. That is currently the only option.

## Performance

kamp -- signal amplitude. Note that the actual signal amplitude can, depending on wave type and frequency, vary slightly above or below this value. Generally the amplitude will tend to exceed kamp on higher frequencies (> 1000 Hz) and be reduced on lower ones. Also due to the overlap-add process, when resynthesing with pvsynth, frequency glides will cause the output amplitude to fluctuate above and below kamp.

kfreq -- fundamental frequency in Hz.

ktype -- wave type: 1. sawtooh-like, 2.square-like, 3.pulse and any other value for cosine.

## Examples

Here is an example of the pvsosc opcode. It uses the file pvsosc.csd.

Example 848. Example of the pvsosc opcode

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    ; Audio out
    -odac  -m0 ;;;realtime audio out
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o pvsosc.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    ksmps = 32
    0dbfs  = 1
    nchnls = 2

    ; example by Menno Knevel 2021

    instr 1 ; a band-limited sawtooth-wave oscillator

    prints "\nsawtooth-wave\n"
    fsig pvsosc   .5, 440, 1, 1024          ; generate wave spectral signal
    asig pvsynth fsig                       ; resynthesise it
         outs asig, asig
    endin

    instr 2 ; a band-limited square-wave oscillator

    prints "\nsquare-wave\n"
    fsig pvsosc   .5, 440, 2, 1024          ; generate wave spectral signal
    asig pvsynth fsig                       ; resynthesise it
         outs asig, asig
    endin

    instr 3 ; a pulse oscillator

    prints "\npulse-wave\n"
    fsig pvsosc   .5, 440, 3, 1024          ; generate wave spectral signal
    asig pvsynth fsig                       ; resynthesise it
         outs asig, asig
    endin

    instr 4 ; a cosine-wave oscillator

    prints "\ncosine-wave\n\n"
    fsig pvsosc   .5, 440, 4, 1024          ; generate wave spectral signal
    asig pvsynth fsig                       ; resynthesise it
         outs asig, asig
    endin

    instr 5 ;cycle

    ktyp randh 2, 10
    fsig pvsosc   .5, 440, int(ktyp+3), 1024 ; make it to go from 1-4
    printks2 "\ncycle through all waves...: %d\n", int(ktyp+3)
    asig pvsynth fsig
         outs asig, asig
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    i 1 0 1
    i 2 2 1
    i 3 4 1
    i 4 6 1
    i 5 10 4
    e
    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## See Also

pvsanal, pvsynth, pvsadsyn

## Credits

Author: Victor Lazzarini
August 2006

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